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34. Routine assessment of gastrointestinal symptom using a validated questionnaire in the clinical setting to assess the probability of organic or functional gastrointestinal diseases

Author

Jones, Michael P., primary, Shah, Ayesha, additional, Ben‐Jacob, Ronen, additional, Talley, Nicholas J., additional, Hansen, Teressa, additional, Walker, Marjorie M., additional, Gray, Marcus, additional, Koloski, Natasha A., additional, and Holtmann, Gerald, additional

Published
2021
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36. Additional file 4 of Serial MRI studies over 12 months using manual and atlas-based region of interest in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Author

Alruwaili, Ashwag R., Pannek, Kerstin, Henderson, Robert D., Gray, Marcus, Nyoman D. Kurniawan, and McCombe, Pamela A.

Abstract

Additional file 4 Table S1. Means (SD) for FA at three Time-points using atlas-based ROI and manual ROI. None of the regions, PLIC and CST at pons, showed significant differences overtime.

Published
2020
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40. Improving the Quality of Bowel Preparation: Rewarding Patients for Success or Intensive Patient Education?

Author

Kutyla, Marguerite J., Gray, Marcus A., von Hippel, Courtney, Hourigan, Luke F., Kendall, Bradley J., Whaley, Amanda J., O'Connor, Sam, and Holtmann, Gerald J.

Subjects
BOWEL preparation (Procedure), PATIENT education, PATIENT compliance, LOTTERY tickets, SIMULATED patients, SUCCESS
Abstract

Introduction and Objectives: The quality of the bowel preparation is a critical parameter for the outcome of colonoscopies. It is well established that the bowel preparation modality (e.g., split or larger volume preparation) significantly improves the quality of the bowel preparation. Patient compliance is another important factor impacting on the quality of bowel preparations that receives relatively little research attention. We aimed to explore if intensified education or a lottery ticket as reward for good bowel preparation could improve outcomes. Methods: After informed consent, all patients received a standardized printed information booklet. In a randomized fashion, patients were offered (a) a lottery scratchy ticket with an opportunity to win $25,000 as "reward" for good bowel preparation, (b) an education session delivered over the phone by a trained nurse, or (c) no additional measure. Results: Overall, the quality of the bowel preparation was rated good or very good in 69.1% (95% CI 61.7–75.7%) of patients. Reward intervention did not influence the quality of bowel preparation (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.09–1.91, p = 0.260); however, bowel preparation quality decreased in patients randomized to receive the additional education (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.08–0.96, p = 0.042). Neither intervention significantly impacted on polyp detection rates. Conclusions: Contrasting general beliefs, additional interventions (e.g., incentives or phone consultation) did not improve the quality of the bowel preparation. The unexpected result shows that utilizing extra resources must be balanced against real-world outcomes and may not always provide the expected result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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41. How I got into squirrel dogs: a brief history of Gray's Feist

Author

Gray, Marcus

Subjects
Family -- Personal narratives, Dogs -- Personal narratives, Consumer news and advice, Home and garden
Abstract

Background My extended family has been 'into' hunting dogs of one kind or another for what seems like forever. My grandpas and great uncles (depending on the side of the [...]

Published
2011

43. Anti-TNFα therapy in IBD alters brain activity reflecting visceral sensory function and cognitive-affective biases

Author

Gray, Marcus A., Chao, Che-Yung, Staudacher, Heidi, Kolosky, Natasha A., Talley, Nicholas J., Holtmann, Gerald, Gray, Marcus A., Chao, Che-Yung, Staudacher, Heidi, Kolosky, Natasha A., Talley, Nicholas J., and Holtmann, Gerald

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), immune activation with increased circulating TNF-α is linked to the intensity of gastrointestinal symptoms and depression or anxiety. A central feature of depression is cognitive biases linked to negative attributions about self, the world and the future. We aimed to assess the effects of anti-TNFα therapy on the central processing of self-attribution biases and visceral afferent information in patients with Crohn's disease. METHODS: We examined 9 patients with Crohn's disease (age 26.1±10.6. yrs, 5 female, 5 ileocolonic, 2 colonic and 2 ileal disease) during chronic anti-TNFα therapy (5 adalimumab, 4 infliximab). Patients were studied twice in randomized order before and after anti-TNFα administration. On each occasion patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain during a test of implicit attribution biases regarding sickness/health and undertook a standardized nutrient challenge. RESULTS: Following anti-TNFα treatment, ratings of 'fullness' following nutrient challenge reduced compared to pre-treatment ratings (p<0.05). Reaction times revealed improved processing of self-related and positive health words, consistent with improved implicit sense of wellbeing that correlated with improvements in sensory function after treatment (r = 0.67, p<0.05). Treatment-associated improvements in implicit processing were mirrored by alterations of prefrontal, amygdala, posterior cingulate and visual regions. Between patients, the degree of functional amygdala change was additionally explained by individual differences in attention regulation and body awareness rankings. CONCLUSION: In patients with Crohn's disease, anti-TNFα administration reduces visceral sensitivity and improves implicit cognitive-affective biases linked to alterations in limbic (amygdala) function.

Published
2018

47. Functional changes during working memory in Huntington’s disease: 30 month longitudinal data from the IMAGE-HD study

Author

Salmon Louisa, Egan Gary, Stout Julie, Churchyard Andrew, Gray Marcus, Dominguez Juan, Poudel Govinda, Chua Phyllis, Georgiou-Karistianis Nellie, and Borowsky Beth

Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Neurology, Huntington's disease, Longitudinal data, Working memory, medicine, Psychology, medicine.disease, Biological Psychiatry
Published
2013
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48. Sex differences and autism: brain function during verbal fluency and mental rotation

Author

Beacher, Felix D. C. C., Radulescu, Eugenia, Minati, L., Baron-Cohen, Simon, Lombardo, Michael V., Lai, Meng-Chuan, Walker, Anne, Howard, Dawn, Gray, Marcus A., Harrison, Neil A., Critchley, Hugo D., and Lombardo, Michael V. [0000-0001-6780-8619]

Subjects
Male, Audiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Mental rotation, 0302 clinical medicine, Sociology, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Verbal fluency test, Psychology, Asperger Syndrome, 10. No inequality, Psychiatry, Sex Characteristics, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, fMRI, Brain, Cognition, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Clinical Psychology, Mental Health, Medicine, Female, Sex characteristics, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Neuroimaging, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Biology, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, Sexual and Gender Issues, 03 medical and health sciences, Neuropsychology, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Verbal Behavior, medicine.disease, Asperger syndrome, Space Perception, Developmental Psychology, RC0321, Autism, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience
Abstract

Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) affect more males than females. This suggests that the neurobiology of autism: 1) may overlap with mechanisms underlying typical sex-differentiation or 2) alternately reflect sex-specificity in how autism is expressed in males and females. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test these alternate hypotheses. Fifteen men and fourteen women with Asperger syndrome (AS), and sixteen typically developing men and sixteen typically developing women underwent fMRI during performance of mental rotation and verbal fluency tasks. All groups performed the tasks equally well. On the verbal fluency task, despite equivalent task-performance, both males and females with AS showed enhanced activation of left occipitoparietal and inferior prefrontal activity compared to controls. During mental rotation, there was a significant diagnosis-by-sex interaction across occipital, temporal, parietal, middle frontal regions, with greater activation in AS males and typical females compared to AS females and typical males. These findings suggest a complex relationship between autism and sex that is differentially expressed in verbal and visuospatial domains. © 2012 Beacher et al. 7 6 Cited By :28; Export Date: 17 July 2017

Published
2012

49. Autism Attenuates Sex Differences in Brain Structure: A Combined Voxel-Based Morphometry and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

Author

Beacher, Felix D. C. C., Minati, L., Baron-Cohen, Simon, Lombardo, Michael V., Lai, Meng-Chuan, Gray, Marcus A., Harrison, Neil A., Critchley, Hugo D., and Lombardo, Michael V. [0000-0001-6780-8619]

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Post hoc, Audiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Article, White matter, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Sex Factors, Fractional anisotropy, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Autistic Disorder, business.industry, Brain, Reproducibility of Results, Voxel-based morphometry, medicine.disease, Image Enhancement, Sexual dimorphism, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Autism, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Neuroscience, Algorithms, Diffusion MRI, Neuroanatomy
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has been proposed that autism spectrums condition may represent a form of extreme male brain (EMB), a notion supported by psychometric, behavioral, and endocrine evidence. Yet, limited data are presently available evaluating this hypothesis in terms of neuroanatomy. Here, we investigated sex-related anatomic features in adults with AS, a "pure" form of autism not involving major developmental delay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Males and females with AS and healthy controls (n = 28 and 30, respectively) were recruited. Structural MR imaging was performed to measure overall gray and white matter volume and to assess regional effects by means of VBM. DTI was used to investigate the integrity of the main white matter tracts. RESULTS: Significant interactions were found between sex and diagnosis in total white matter volume, regional gray matter volume in the right parietal operculum, and fractional anisotropy (FA) in the body of the CC, cingulum, and CR. Post hoc comparisons indicated that the typical sexual dimorphism found in controls, whereby males have larger FA and total white matter volume, was absent or attenuated in participants with AS. CONCLUSIONS: Our results point to a fundamental role of the factors that underlie sex-specific brain differentiation in the etiology of autism. 33 1 83 89 Cited By :48; Export Date: 17 July 2017

Published
2011

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