Search

Spark plasma sintering and hot compaction methods were used to obtain experimental samples of a composite material of the SiC‒SiCw system with various modifying additives (AlN, B4C, HfB2, Y2O3, Al2O3, Si3N4). The effect of the modifying additives on the sintering process, physicomechanical, and thermal properties of the ceramic composite material was examined. The introduction of the modifying additives lowered the sintering temperature of silicon carbide produced by the hot compaction method by 200°C and that formed with spark plasma spark sintering by 300‒450°C as compared with the sintering temperature of silicon carbide without additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to assess catering arrangements and dietary patterns of children at preschool educational institution and at home. The article analyses catering arrange­ments for pre-school children (3-7-year-old) from Ekaterinburg, Nizhny Tagil, Kamensk-Uralsky, Vladikavkaz and Krasnoyarsk. Based on menu production records provided by preschool educational institution, and family nutrition questionnaires we have examined their compliance with the nutritional physiological standards. The summarized data on menu production records from preschool educational institutions showed whether they met food basket requirements (net weight), as well as nutritional value requirements (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, calories content). The assessment was carried out in Ekaterinburg, Nizhny Tagil and Krasnoyarsk using Public catering calculations software (version 5) and a proprietary database of childreris food formulae. Childrens food basket assess­ment in Ekaterinburg and Kamensk-Uralsky revealed underconsumptionof vegetables (17.9-38% decrease), milk (52.7-62% decrease), curd (40.2-45.3% decrease). We have also observed decreased consumption of fruits, including dried fruit, by 31.8%, as well as cereals and legumes by 43% in Kamensk-Uralsky. Macronutrient analysis has shown underconsumption of total carbohydrates (by 19%) and animal proteins. The assessment of children nutrition at home has been carried out using NUTRITEST-IP diagnostic sys­tem in Nizhny Tagil, Kamensk-Uralsky, Vladikavkaz and Krasnoyarsk. The results showed overconsumption of most foods except vegetables. Excessive intake of fats and sugars (3.6 and 3.5 fold higher, respectively) accounted for higher than normal energy consump­tion by children at home. The evaluation has also revealed a significant difference in the consumption of saturated fats, mono - and disaccharides, food fibers and vitamin C by the children from the locations included in the study. The excessive intake of simple carbohy­drates was typical for family diets and excessive fat intake was characteristic for child diet in preschool educational institution.