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In order to evaluate growing doses of a microbial preparation (milk whey 33 %, molasses 20 %, urea 1 %, mineral salt 1 %, and water 45 %) on the productive performance, and the presence of diarrheas in post-weaning pigs, a completely randomized design was applied, with five treatments and four repetitions: T1 concentrate, T2, T3, T4 (concentrate plus 5 mL kg LW-1, 10 mL kg LW-1, and 15 mL kg LW-1 of the microbial preparation, respectively) and T5 (concentrate plus commercial probiotic). A total of 200 pigs from the crossing of Landrace x Large White with Belgium White x Pietrain were used, with 28 d old and 6.99 kg LW ± 0.18 kg. The highest final weight and the best total and daily weight gain (P < 0.01) were obtained in pigs fed with concentrates, and 15 mL kg LW-1 of the microbial preparation was added. Values of 25.78 kg, 18.78 kg and 447.25 g were obtained, respectively. The most efficient values, according to the conversions of dry matter, protein and energy (P < 0.01), were obtained in the treatment with 15 mL.kg LW-1 of microbial preparation, with 1.68 kg DM.kg-1, 351.16 g.kg LW-1, and 24.54 MJ.kg LW-1, respectively. The lowest presence of diarrheas (P < 0.01) was obtained in animals fed with the concentrate plus 15 mL kg LW-1 of the microbial preparation, and an incidence of 12 diarrheas. The use of the microbial preparation (15 mL kg LW-1) improved the nutritional value of the concentrates, the best parameters were obtained and the appearance of diarrheas was reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To measure the influence of a Stafac (Virginiamicina at 2%, 1 kg.t-1) commercial antibiotic regarding to a microbial preparation in the productive performance and diarrheas occurrence during pig fattening, an experiment by a completely randomized design was conducted, with three treatments and four repetitions: T1) concentrate, T2) concentrate + commercial antibiotic,T3) concentrate + microbial preparation. A total of 120 barrow males were used, from Landrace x Large White cross, with Belga x Pietrain White sire, of 71 d of age, 28.62kg average weight ± 2.66 kg. It was determined that, for final weight, with the concentrate plus the microbial preparation 98.41 kg of LW was obtained. This value was higher to that of the concentrate plus antibiotic and to the concentrate. For the daily weight gain and final weight gain, the best values corresponded to the concentrate plus microbial preparation, with 712.6 g and 69.84 kg respectively, which were above of the obtained for the concentrate plus antibiotic and the concentrate. In food conversion there were not significant differences between treatments. The group of animals fed with concentrate plus microbial preparation had lower number of diarrheas, with 9.25 of incidence. With the addition of this microbial preparation, better productive parameters and of health in pig fattening can be obtained, without using antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To measure the influence of a Stafac (Virginiamycin at 2%, 1 kg.t-1) commercial antibiotic, a ML 100 E (1kg.t-1) commercial probiotic and a (15 mL.kg LW-1) microbial preparation in the productive performance and health of post weaning pigs, an experiment by a complete randomized design, with three treatments and four repetitions was conducted. A total of 120 barrow pigs were used, from Landrace x Large White cross, with Belga x Pietrain sire at finishing stage, of 28d of age, 6.85 kg average weight and ± 0.25 kg. In pigs feed concentrates to those that the microbial preparation was added, the higher final weight and the best gain of total weight and daily (P < 0.05): 25.85 kg, 18.97 kg and 440.75 g was determined, respectively. The most efficient values, as feed conversion, protein and energy, were obtained in the treatment to which the microbial preparation 1.66 kg DM.kg LW-1, 347.35 g.kg LW-1 of CP and 22.71 MJ.kg LW-1 was added, respectively. The less digestive problems presence (number of diarrhea) was registered in the group of animals fed with concentrate plus microbial preparation, with incidence of 13.With the addition of the microbial preparation, at 15 mL.kg LW-1,it can improve the concentrates nutritional quality and obtain better productive and health parameters in post-weaning pigs, without using antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The mortality rate in children under 5 years old (U5MR) has decreased considerably in Ecuador in the last decade; however, thousands of children continue to die from causes related to poverty. A social program known as Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH) was created to guarantee a minimum level of consumption for families and to reduce chronic malnutrition and preventable childhood diseases. We sought to evaluate the effect of the BDH program on mortality of children younger than 5 years, particularly from malnutrition, diarrheal diseases, and lower respiratory tract infections., Methods: Mortality rates and BDH coverage from 2009 to 2014 were evaluated from the 144 (of 222) Ecuadorian counties with intermediate and high quality of vital information. A multivariable regression analyses for panel data was conducted by using a negative binomial regression model with fixed effects, adjusted for all relevant demographic and socioeconomic covariates., Results: Our research shows that for each 1% increase in BDH county coverage there would be a decrease in U5MR from malnutrition of 3% (RR 0.971, 95% CI 0.953-0.989). An effect of BDH county coverage on mortality resulting from respiratory infections was also observed (RR 0.992, 95% CI 0.984-0.999). The BDH also reduced hospitalization rates in children younger than 5 years, overall and for diarrhea., Conclusions: A conditional cash transfer program such as BDH could contribute to the reduction of mortality due to causes related to poverty, such as malnutrition and respiratory infections. The coverage should be maintained -or increased in a period of economic crisis- and its implementation strengthened.