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Background: NYVEPRIA, a pegfilgrastim (a long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]) biosimilar, was recently recommended for marketing authorization in Europe for decreasing the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with non-myeloid malignancies receiving myelosuppressive anti-cancer drugs. The present study aimed to evaluate the financial impact of introducing a new pegfilgrastim biosimilar from a French healthcare system perspective. Methods: An Excel-based budget impact model was developed to estimate the financial impact by introducing a new pegfilgrastim biosimilar (NYVEPRIA) to France over a 5-year time horizon. Comparators included existing long-acting and short-acting G-CSFs. The burden of FN was obtained from existing literature. Costs (2021 Euros) included drug acquisition and administration, estimated based on drug dosage in both clinical trial and real-world settings. Scenario analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of key model assumptions. Results: In a total French population of 67.19 million, 79,873 patients were estimated to be treated with G-CSFs annually. The annual number of patients to be treated with NYVEPRIA was estimated to be 1593, 3195, 3674, 3782, and 4052 in years 1 to 5, respectively. Using real-world data, NYVEPRIA resulted in total annual cost savings of e8,620, e868,498, e868,498, e814,102, and e958,952 over years 1 to 5, respectively, leading to a cumulative 5-year cost savings of e3,518,669. Using data from clinical trials, NYVEPRIA resulted in total annual cost savings of e14,366, e1,447,496, e1,447,496, e1,356,836, and e1,598,253 over years 1 to 5, respectively, leading to a cumulative 5-year cost savings of e5,864,448. Conclusions: The introduction of a new pegfilgrastim biosimilar (NYVEPRIA) is potentially associated with substantial cost savings for the French healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]