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Therapeutic relational communication has become a fundamental human resource in the nursing profession. The positive relationship between nurse-patient communication and resilience has been shown in several studies. However, these aspects can be affected in adverse circumstances. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between nurse-patient therapeutic relational communication and the resilience of nursing professionals in adverse circumstances. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 201 nursing professionals was conducted. This study found high levels of both therapeutic relational communication between nurses and patients as well as resilience among nurses. The sociodemographic variables of age and years of experience in the profession positively correlated with the data obtained through the measurement instruments. The co-relational analysis revealed a positive correlation between nurse-patient therapeutic relational communication and nurse resilience, and the regression analysis showed that levels of successful therapeutic communication skills were minimally explained by resilience. Nursing professionals who participated in this study demonstrated adequate levels of therapeutic relational communication with their patients as well as adequate levels of resilience required to cope with the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic in their daily nursing practice. This study was not registered.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and analyze the psychometric properties of an instrument that could analyze the communication of nursing professionals in nurse-patient therapeutic communication., Methods: A literature review and a panel of experts were used (N = 10) to develop the questionnaire to analyze the communication of nurses in nurse-patient therapeutic communication. The final version of the questionnaire was composed of 49 items and applied to a convenience sample of 370 nurses., Results: The construct validity was assessed by an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the reliability using Cronbach's Alpha. Three dimensions were identified that determine therapeutic communication: professional, contextual and/or situational and patient. The Cronbach's α total coefficient was 0.90, ranging from 0.71 to 0.81 for the dimensions., Conclusion: The questionnaire to analyze the communication of nurses in nurse-patient therapeutic communication represents a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure nurses' communication with patients in the clinical setting., Implications for Practice: The use of the questionnaire enables the analysis of elements that interfere with effective communication. This can assist in developing interventions to improve nurses' therapeutic communication with patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A systematic review was carried out to examine measurement tools of therapeutic relational communication, using an electronic search of the following databases: PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL, CiberIndex, Scielo and Scopus. The project followed the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and the protocol recommended by the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) panel. Thirteen instruments were included in the review. and their measurement properties were tested. The most common communication elements found in the measuring instruments were: empathy, respect, listening, contact, communicative competence, communication quality, and communication skills. Studies that used a theoretical foundation were based on patient-centered humanistic models. Empathy, respect, controlled contact, and other basic elements of interpersonal communication were most commonly found among the measuring regents. In conclusion, this review analyzed the theoretical foundations of the components of instruments used to measure therapeutic relational communication in the nursing field.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether clinical inertia exists in the care of patients with urinary incontinence and to test the effects of an educational intervention designed to alleviate inertia related to care of urinary incontinence., Design: Single-group, pretest/posttest design., Subjects and Setting: The sample comprised 132 participants practicing in 6 medical-surgical inpatient care units at an urban hospital in Almería, Spain; 66 (50%) were RNs, and all other participants were unlicensed assistive personnel. Most participants (87.9%) were female; their average age was 43.99 years (SD = 7.85 years)., Methods: An educational intervention (online course) was provided. The main objective of the course was application of evidence-based knowledge for prevention and management of urinary incontinence in hospitalized patients. The course program comprised 3 didactic units: (1) introduction and evaluation of the patient with urinary incontinence, (2) care plans, and (3) instructions and rational use of absorbent products. Data collection included demographic and professional characteristics of respondents, desired results when caring for patients with incontinence, a medical record checklist, an occupational environment and satisfaction scale, and an assessment record of knowledge/skills and training activity satisfaction., Results: After comparing the pre- and posttest scores of knowledge on urinary incontinence, significant differences were found before and after the intervention (z = -14.113, P = .000). Specifically, analysis revealed differences in caring actions related to urinary incontinence (z = -14.248, P = .000) and differences in direct observation of urinary incontinence practice following the intervention (z = -14.326, P = .000)., Conclusions: Our findings indicate existence of inertia in nursing care for hospitalized patients with urinary incontinence. The educational intervention improved knowledge, observable nursing care activities related to incontinence management, and improved documentation of care., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 by the Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society.)

Objective: To describe the psychometric properties of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NW) among undergraduate nurses and to compare their perceptions of the nursing practice environment by academic year and unit type., Background: Despite the fact that nursing students develop most of their undergraduate learning and training in the nursing practice environment, their perception about it has not been considered to date., Methods: The psychometric properties were analysed on a sample of 180 undergraduate nurses. Data collection was carried out in 2018. Data were analysed using percentages, frequencies, mean, standard deviation and Mann-Whitney U test. Factor structure was evaluated with exploratory factor analysis, and reliability was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha., Results: Psychometric analysis showed an adequate construct validity and reliability for the PES-NWI. Cronbach's Alpha was 0.884. Undergraduate nurses perceived most hospitals as favourable, scoring the 'Nurse-physician relationships' factor highest and 'Staffing and resource adequacy' factor lowest., Conclusion: The PES-NWI is a valid and reliable instrument that could be applied in future research to explore nursing students' perceptions of the nursing practice environment., Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse managers are responsible for supervising and ensuring that the nursing practice environment at university hospitals meets the necessary criteria to support the workplace learning of undergraduate nurses., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aims and Objectives: To analyse nursing students' perceptions of the clinical learning environment and supervision and the connection between their satisfaction and intention of staying in their placement hospitals., Background: Global nursing shortage necessitates strategies for the recruitment and retention of nurses. It is believed that nursing students' clinical placement experiences can affect their learning outcomes, as well as influence their choice of future workplace., Design: Cross-sectional, correlational study., Methods: One hundred and eighty nursing students participated in the study. The data were collected in person using The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale tool. Students' satisfaction with the clinical learning environment and learning process was measured using a 4-point Likert scale developed by the researchers. The STROBE checklist was used in this paper., Results: Nursing students perceived a favourable clinical learning environment and supervision in the hospitals where they undertook clinical placements, recording high levels of satisfaction and high levels of intention to stay and work there. The clinical learning environment and supervision established positive correlations with student satisfaction., Conclusions: This study promotes the development of knowledge and understanding of how student satisfaction and intention to stay and work in their placement hospitals relates to the quality of the clinical learning environment and supervision, which could be helpful to the management of healthcare facilities and faculties in improving nursing education and retention/recruitment strategies., Relevance to Clinical Practice: Nursing students represent the future of the nursing workforce, so managers of healthcare facilities and faculties should move towards promoting a clinical learning and supervisory environment where supervisors, tutors and staff are aware of their commitment to student education and promote optimal learning and positive experiences in order for students to feel satisfied and motivated to work in their placement hospitals., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aims: To analyse nursing students' perception of the Magnet hospital attributes of the work environment at the hospitals where they perform their clinical placement and the relationship of this factor to their clinical learning environment and supervision, satisfaction and intention to stay in those hospitals once graduated., Design: This study had a cross-sectional, correlational, design., Methods: Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from 180 nursing students at a university in southeast Spain between September-October 2018. Nursing work environment and clinical learning environment were measured using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index and Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale, respectively. Students' satisfaction with the work environment and with the clinical learning process were measured using a four-point Likert scale developed by the researchers. Percentages, frequencies, mean, standard deviation, χ 2 test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman and phi correlation were used to analyse the data., Results: Nursing students' perception of greater Magnet-like features at work environment was associated with better clinical learning environment (Spearman rs = |0.22-0.54|; p < .01) and satisfaction with the work environment (Spearman rs = 0.18; p = .01) and with their learning process (Spearman rs = 0.21; p < .01). Greater intention to stay working in the hospital after graduation was significantly associated with greater satisfaction with the learning process (phi = 0.31; p < .01) and the work environment (phi = 0.23; p = .02)., Conclusion: Magnet-like features at the work environment lead to superior clinical learning environment and higher students' satisfaction, two factors that play a decisive role in their decision to stay at hospitals where they performed clinicals after graduation., Impact: In the face of a global nurse shortage, nursing managers and faculty leaders should consider the improvement of nursing workplaces as a strategic alliance to promote satisfactory clinical learning experience and aid recruitment of nurses., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

To design an app that helps nursing students to acquire and retain knowledge of Basic and Advanced Life Support techniques, as well as analyze the students' gamification experience. The study had two phases: 1) App design and development and 2) experimental study. A total of 184 students participated, with 92 in the experimental group and 92 in the control group. The instruments used were the Guess it (SVUAL) app, a test on knowledge and the Gameful Experience Scale. The app was deemed to have a suitable level of content and user-friendliness of 97%. The experimental group obtained a higher average score on the knowledge test than the control group (U = 2835.500; Z = -3.968; p < 0.05). On the re-test, the experimental group also obtained a higher average score than the control group. As for the experience within the game, all the dimensions scored higher than average, except the absence of negative effects dimension, which indicates that the app had very few negative consequences on the participants. The developed app has proven to have a good level of content and to be user-friendly, improving knowledge levels and retention of information in nursing students., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

New technologies are changing people's lifestyles and in turn, their way of relating to and interacting with others. Breadcrumbing is one of the new 2.0 concepts linked to the virtual relationship paradigm. This study aimed to design and psychometrically test the Breadcrumbing in Affective-Sexual Relationships (BREAD-ASR) Questionnaire to explore breadcrumbing perpetration in adolescent relationships online. A total of 247 adolescents participated in a paper-and-pencil survey carried out from March to June 2019 in a high school in southeastern Spain. Psychometric analysis showed a satisfactory content and construct validity for the instrument. The ordinal alpha coefficient was 0.83, indicating the BREAD-ASR questionnaire had good internal consistency. The BREAD-ASR questionnaire constitutes a valid and reliable instrument which can be used by health professionals in screenings for breadcrumbing perpetration and to design effective prevention and intervention programs in the community, which may help and support adolescents and families to deal with new forms of online relationships and perpetration successfully.

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of nomophobia and/or problematic mobile phone use on decision-making in nursing students. A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of 124 nursing students. The Nomophobia Questionnaire, Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale and Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire were used for data collection. Regarding the results, the average total score of the Nomophobia Questionnaire was 69.50 ± 21.08, and the average total score of the Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale was 83.60 ± 19.90 points. Positive correlations were found between the dimensions of nomophobia and the Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale. Additionally, positive correlations were found between nomophobia and the dimensions of "buck-passing" (rs = 0.263; p = 0.017), procrastination (rs = 0.307; p = 0.011) and hypervigilance (rs = 0.284; p = 0.002) in regards to decision-making. As for the Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale, a positive correlation was found between this scale and the procrastination dimension (rs = 0.128; p = 0.015). Problematic mobile phone use and/or nomophobia may have an influence on decision-making in nursing students. Levels of procrastination, hypervigilance and "buck-passing" in nursing students are affected by mobile phone use throughout their training. These factors may affect their academic performance, as well as their relationships with patients and other colleagues., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aim: The objective of this study was to explore interpersonal communication, empathy, and stress perceived by nursing students who use social networks., Design: A cross-sectional study was performed., Methods: A convenience sample of 135 nursing students. For data collection, the following instruments were used: The WhatsApp Negative Impact Scale, The Perceived Stress Scale, The Interpersonal Communication Competence Inventory, and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy. Data collection took place in February 2020., Results: A negative correlation was found between the WhatsApp Negative Impact and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (rs = -0.204; p = .019). Conversely, a positive correlation was also observed between the Interpersonal Communication Competence Inventory and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (rs = 0.212; p = .014)., Conclusion: Nursing students' use of new technology could be problematic and interfere with their therapeutic communication skills., Impact: This study addresses the problem of social network use in the clinical setting and how this can influence nursing students' therapeutic communication skills with patients. The results of this study have showed that, among nursing students, social network use has a negative impact, showing decreased empathy. Likewise, students who show a greater level of empathy have better interpersonal communication skills. However, significant results were not found between psychological distress and problematic social network use. Therefore, it is necessary to perform additional studies that would further explore this aspect. This study allows us to explore the negative impact of social networks on therapeutic communication, with the aim of developing prevention strategies at university institutions., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The use of cell phones can have a negative effect on nursing students' academic performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects that problematic cell phone use and nomophobia have on learning in nursing students. A quasi-experimental study was carried out among nursing students, with a control group (n = 61, 49.2%) and an experimental group (n = 63, 50.8%). The experimental group left their cell phones, in sound or vibration mode, as they normally kept them, on a table located in the corner of the classroom. Both groups showed higher-than-average levels of nomophobia at the beginning of the class. As for problematic cell phone use and attention, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in both cases (U = 1355.500, Z = -2.830, P = .005; U = 1449.000, Z = -2.363, P = .018, respectively), and the experimental group had higher average scores, as well as in those related to knowledge. A relationship has been found between nomophobia and problematic cell phone use. Students who do not have access to their cell phones during class perceive more problematic cell phone usage, in addition to paying closer attention during class. Because of this, it is important to create policies and norms restricting cell phone use during all types of academic training among nursing students.

Objective: As the number of Magnet hospitals continues to rise in the United States and abroad, the body of literature regarding various outcomes at Magnet hospitals is increasing also. A systematic review examining and compiling the most recent evidence would be invaluable to those seeking to pursue Magnet recognition for their facility. We conducted this systematic review to investigate how Magnet hospital status affects outcomes for nursing professionals, patients, and health care organizations., Methods: In January 2018, the databases CINAHL, ProQuest, PubMed, and La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus were searched for relevant studies. The reference lists of selected articles were also examined to identify additional studies. The PRISMA statement was followed, and established methods for systematic review were used to produce a narrative summary. The quality of the reviewed studies was assessed according to the 22-item Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for observational studies., Results: Of the 163 studies identified, 21 met the eligibility criteria and are included in this review. On the whole, lower rates of nursing shortages, burnout, job dissatisfaction, and turnover were observed at Magnet hospitals compared with non-Magnet hospitals. The rates of patient mortality, falls, hospital-acquired infections, and pressure ulcers were also lower. Nursing work environments were found to be safer and were associated with a higher quality of care in Magnet hospitals than in non-Magnet hospitals, and Magnet hospitals were found to provide more cost-effective care., Conclusion: This review provides nursing managers and administrators with the most recent evidence demonstrating that Magnet hospitals have better nursing work environments and are associated with better outcomes for nurses, patients, and organizations than non-Magnet hospitals. This evidence should inform future decision-making with regard to pursuing Magnet designation.

Introduction: In recent years, the way CPR instructions are given has changed because of the development of new technology that allows bystanders who witness a cardiac arrest to be guided in performing CPR. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of using a mobile phone application (app) versus telephone operator assistance in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques in simulated settings., Methods: A comparative study was performed with 2 intervention groups: (1) mobile phone app and (2) telephone assistance. A total of 128 students participated and were distributed randomly into each intervention group. A CPR observation checklist and standard CPR quality parameter measurements were used for data collection., Results: The group that used the app obtained better results than the group that had telephone assistance on 5 items during CPR observation: checking if the area is secure (X 2 (1) = 26.81; P < 0.05), asking for help (X 2 (1) = 66.07; P < 0.05), opening of airways (X 2 (1) = 12.03; P < 0.05), checking for breathing (X 2 (1) = 6.10; P < 0.05), and contacting emergency services (X 2 (1) = 12.41; P < 0.05). Regarding the skill level of CPR, no statistically significant differences were found when comparing the 2 intervention groups (X 2 (1) = 0.91; P = 0.33). As for the parameters measured, there were only statistically significant differences found in the item compression fraction (U = 1,593.00; Z = -2.16; P < 0.05), with the group that used the app obtaining better results., Discussion: Better outcomes were observed in recognizing if the area was safe, asking for help, opening up the airways, checking for breathing, and calling emergency services in the mobile phone app group. However, the results indicated that there were no differences in the CPR parameters, except compression fraction, when the app was used as opposed to being guided by telephone., (Copyright © 2020 Emergency Nurses Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Nursing students establish therapeutic relationships with their patients and as future nursing professionals, they should be trained to be effective communicators. The objective of this systematic review was to know the impact of educational interventions on nursing students to develop their communication skills with patients., Methods: A systematic review of literature was carried out. The following databases were consulted: CINAHL, PubMed (Ovid Medline), SCOPUS and Web of Science. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guided this review. As for inclusion criteria, published articles in English from 2000 to 2020 were included. The methodological rigor of the included articles was evaluated with the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trial or Quasi-Experimental Studies. Changes in communication skills with the patient after the implementation of an intervention were analyzed., Results: Of the included studies in this systematic review (N = 19), two studies were randomized controlled trials, others were single group quasi-experimental studies (N = 11) and two group quasi-experimental studies (n = 6). The majority of the studies were carried out in the USA (n = 7). The most frequent educational intervention was simulation (n = 11). As for the improvement of communication skills, 13 of the 19 articles found statistically significant differences in patient-centered communication skills of nursing students., Conclusions: This systematic review provides preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of interventions used to train nursing students in patient-centered communication. Although all the interventions obtained significant results in communication skills, it has not yet been determined which methodology is more effective.

Background: Gamification provides nursing students with a setting in which they can practice clinical reasoning and decision making in a realistic and secure way. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of gamification on decision making in nursing students., Method: A quasi-experimental study was performed with a control group and an experimental group. A convenience sample was used to select the participants. A total of 191 nursing students participated. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the groups., Results: On comparing the control group and experimental group, statistically significant differences were found in the following patterns: vigilance, buck passing, and procrastination., Conclusion: Using gamification as part of nursing education increases satisfaction, creative thinking, and control, among other aspects, with little to no negative effects throughout the experience, which has a significant impact on decision making. [J Nurs Educ. 2019;58(12):718-722.]., (Copyright 2019, SLACK Incorporated.)

Background: There has been an increasing amount of research in the last few years on the use of gamification in nursing. However, there is not yet a suitable measuring instrument that fully captures the emotional qualities that arise with the use of gamification., Objectives: To culturally adapt and validate the Gameful Experience Scale used among nursing students as well as understand their game experience., Design: The study was divided into two phases 1) cross-cultural adaptation and 2) validation of the scale and cross-sectional descriptive study., Settings: Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Almeria, Spain., Participants: 226 students studying an undergraduate nursing degree., Methods: In the first phase, a cross-cultural adaptation was carried out using a forward-back translation, with the collaboration of a panel of experts. In the second phase, the corresponding analyses were performed, to measure the reliability and the validity of the instrument., Results: The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test that measures the appropriateness of the sample had a result of 0.875. Bartlett's sphericity test was significant (X 2 (351) = 3755.142, p < 0.05). A structure of 6 factors was confirmed. The total Chronbach α value was 0.855. In the analysis of the test-retest reliability, a correlation level of 0.89 was obtained (p < 0.05). The participants showed high scores in all the dimensions, except that of absence of negative effects., Conclusions: The adapted version of the scale showed good results in regards to reliability and validity, which indicates that it is an effective tool to be used to measure the game experience in nursing students' training., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: Assessing the clinical ability of nursing students continues to be a fundamental challenge within the nursing degree. Designing innovative teaching strategies while ensuring an educational experience that results in safe nursing practices is an additional challenge for all educators., Objectives: To design, develop and implement a tool to evaluate the clinical skills of nursing students., Design: A two-phase study. In the second phase, a pre-experimental study was conducted., Settings: Health Sciences Department of the University of Almería, Spain., Participants: 250 Nursing students in the second year of their degree., Methods: The study was divided into 2 phases: 1st) Web-based tool design and development and 2nd) Usability testing. In the second phase, a pre-experimental study was conducted both with an experimental group and a control group., Results: In the first phase, a panel of 15 experts confirmed that the content and technical aspects of the tool were adequate (scores of 4-5/5). In the second phase, the participants of the experimental group showed higher final scores in the evaluated skills section, as well as shorter evaluation time and a greater number of observations and registered incidents than the participants in the control group. Finally, the students of the experimental group indicated a greater degree of satisfaction with the evaluation system used., Conclusions: The web-based tool designed is an effective strategy to evaluate clinical skills. It is important to have strategies and instruments that allow us to demonstrate the development and acquisition of the skills required for future nursing professionals., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Nomophobia is the fear of leaving the house without a mobile and being out of mobile phone contact and affects different areas of a person's life, especially in terms of social, work and academic relationships due to a dependence on the use of smartphones. Discovering the prevalence of nomophobia among nursing students is very important, as the misuse of smartphones in clinical practice may cause distractions, affecting the quality of care and putting patient safety at risk. Furthermore, it can lead to poorer academic performance during class. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of nomophobia experienced by nursing students at the University of Almeria, Spain and the Polytechnic Institute of Braganza, Portugal. A comparative descriptive observational study was carried out. A nomophobia questionnaire adapted to the Spanish and Portuguese sociolinguistic context was employed; 258 participants comprised the subjects of study. The main results showed both Spanish and Portuguese nursing students scored higher than average regarding levels of nomophobia. However, the scores gathered from items on the questionnaire were generally higher among the Portuguese population than the Spanish one. The Portuguese students (54.7%) felt more anxious than the Spanish students (35.4%) if their battery ran out. Similarly, the Portuguese population showed a greater need for instant communication with their family and friends. In conclusion, the dimensions explored indicate significant levels of nomophobia among both nursing student populations, with higher levels among the Portuguese population than the Spanish., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The increasing concern about the adverse effects of overuse of smartphones during clinical practicum implies the need for policies restricting smartphone use while attending to patients. It is important to educate health personnel about the potential risks that can arise from the associated distraction., Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the level of nomophobia and the distraction associated with smartphone use among nursing students during their clinical practicum., Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 304 nursing students. The nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) and a questionnaire about smartphone use, the distraction associated with it, and opinions about phone restriction policies in hospitals were used., Results: A positive correlation between the use of smartphones and the total score of nomophobia was found. In the same way, there was a positive correlation between opinion about smartphone restriction polices with each of the dimensions of nomophobia and the total score of the questionnaire., Conclusions: Nursing students who show high levels of nomophobia also regularly use their smartphones during their clinical practicum, although they also believe that the implementation of policies restricting smartphone use while working is necessary., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Aims and Objectives: To assess the existence of therapeutic inertia in the nursing care of patients with urinary incontinence during the patient's time in hospital, together with the sociodemographic and professional variables involved., Background: Inertia in care is a problem which appears in the nursing care process. Actions related to inertia can be attributed to not adhering to protocols, clinical guidelines and the lack of prevention measures which have undesirable effects on the efficiency of care., Design: This was a prospective observational study., Methods: A total of 132 nursing professionals participated over two consecutive months. Data were collected randomly through the method of systematic, nonparticipative observation of medical practice units and patients' medical records., Results: The results showed a pattern of severely compromised action in the assessment of the pattern of urinary elimination, in actions related to urinary continence, in therapeutic behaviour and in patient satisfaction and were found to be consistent with professional experience (p < .05). In the 600 records analysed, no statistically significant differences were found between gender and the use of records. In 50% (n = 301), the use of a rating scale was not reflected. In over 90% (n = 560) of cases, the type of incontinence was not recorded. In no continuity of care report were recommendations regarding incontinence included, nor was the type of continence products recommended indicated., Conclusion: It is clear that inertia exists in nursing care in the hospital environment while the patient is hospitalised, in prevention care, in the treatment of urinary incontinence and in the management of records., Relevance to Clinical Practice: Contributing to the understanding of the existence of inertia in nursing care raises questions regarding its causes and interventions to predict or monitor it., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

One of the adverse effects arising among young people who engage in various social practices is the phenomenon of sexting. Sexting involves the production and delivery of sexual content voluntarily and freely and, in many cases, without the consent of the recipient. The aim of this study was to describe the presence of sexting in undergraduate students at the College of Nursing of the University of Almeria in Spain. It is a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study. A total of 105 undergraduate nursing students completed the sexuality and technology questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of seven dimensions with 59 items. Depending on size, statistically significant differences between the use of social networks and the dimension "sexting actions completed" and the dimension "position on statements about sexting" were found. No statistically significant differences between gender and the practice of sexting were found. The three main reasons for sexting match in both genders, these being "to draw attention," "as a sexy gift," and "to feel sexy." Nursing students associated behaviors to show sexting, being a standard practice, common in both genders. Future research should consider the possible influence of this behavior on future professionals and on the field of nursing.

Background: The purpose of health and social policies is to encourage older people more longevity, remain free of disability and experience quality of life while living in their homes. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of 473 patients diagnosed with motor impairment in primary care, the objectives of home-based rehabilitation and its functional impact., Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Almería Health District. The analysed variables included age, gender, secondary diagnosis, Barthel Index (BI), physiotherapeutic objectives and techniques, and number of sessions., Results: The sample had a mean age of 83 years, and 59% were women. The assessed conditions with a high prevalence included osteoarticular pathology (55%), Alzheimer's disease (15.1%), cardiovascular disease (13.7%) and stroke (6.5%). The techniques applied mainly consisted of functional exercises (57.1%), caregiver education (13.8%), and technical assistance (5.7%). There were statistically significant differences (t = -15.79; p < 0.001) between initial (X = 34.8) and final BI (X = 48.1), with an improvement of 13.4 points in patients' functional capacity (95% confidence interval [CI]: -15.0 to -11.7). An equation was constructed to predict patients' final BI as a function of the initial BI using a multiple linear regression model. The regression model explained 78% of the variance in patients with motor impairment., Conclusions: Important improvements were obtained in terms of functional capacity with a mean of ten sessions of physiotherapy. Lower patient age was correlated with higher initial and final functional capacities in primary care. This study aimed to present a useful starting point for decision making among management and health administration regarding this population group by approaching the process from the reality of practice and in relation to the rehabilitation provided., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02715245 ; Date of registration: 18 January 2016.

The sexual dimension is part of a person's functionality. Patients with mental disorders have the same sexual needs as any other person, although they may not always be recognized. This is a retrospective observational study to describe the information on sexuality of patients with mental disorders, admitted to an acute short-stay inpatient unit between 2011 and 2015. We analyzed 293 clinical histories of patients, comprising diagnoses in the ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) between F20 and F29, inclusively. The information collected corresponded to the beginning of hospitalization, its duration and discharge. The results showed that 24% of the patients had sexual delusions. These delusions were more frequent in women, who in turn had more emotional symptoms, persecutory deception being the most common. There were few reports found on sexual dysfunction. In conclusion, the lack of data in the reports shows little recognition of sexuality in hospitalized patients with mental disorder, highlighting the need to promote the training of health personnel.

Background: The prevention of severe hypoglycaemia is based in art on accurately anticipating its occurrence. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of a feedback procedure on the glycaemic state of children with type 1 diabetes, aswell as the associated symptoms and estimated BGL., Method: For 7 days, 17 participants performed both scheduled capillary blood tests, and an estimate and self-analysis whenever they thought that there were changes in their BGL., Results: A total of 454 trials were analysed with a mean of 178 mg/dl (SD= 36.4). Only 5.1% of the estimates corresponded to hypoglycaemia states, 36.77% were in areas with clinically dangerous consequences and were more accurate when the BGL reached the levels of &lt;= 56 mg/dl and less accurate when it reached &gt;240 mg/dl. The children reported symptoms at random, made mistakes when linking them with the BGL and demanded opportunity feedback believing they were in state of hypoglycaemia, while being in hyperglycaemia., Conclusions: The BGL was highly variable, certain glycaemic profiles peaked, with a greater average of hypoglycaemia than in the children&rsquo;s usual daily surroundings and did not present a profile of reliable signs indicative of BGL. The tendency to underestimate values when glycaemia was in hyperglycaemic levels is confirmed.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze nursing students' beliefs and attitudes toward mental disorder before and after clinical placements., Design and Methods: A cross-sectional design was chosen. One hundred ninety-four first- and third-year students in a three-year nursing degree course completed the Attribution Questionnaire AQ-27 regarding Mental Health, the Questionnaire of Beliefs, and a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire., Findings: Significant differences were found between students who had experienced mental illness and those who had not. Differences were also found between students with friends who suffered from mental health problems and those who did not., Practice Implications: These results emphasize the need for nursing students to have direct interaction with people with a mental illness., (© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Child sexual abuse is one of the main types of abuse still to be addressed within the field of education, yet the education system itself can serve as a primary tool for its prevention. A better understanding of teachers' knowledge and beliefs about child sexual abuse will allow us to establish key starting points from which to utilize the system for prevention. Four hundred and fifty teachers participated in this study, completing a questionnaire regarding their knowledge and beliefs about child sexual abuse. The study revealed that over half the teachers, 65.3% (n = 294), had never received any type of training in child sexual abuse education and that the majority were not familiar with methods of identifying child sexual abuse, 90.7% (n = 279). Various mistaken beliefs were identified among the participating teachers, such as pathological profiles of abusers, that the vast majority of child sexual abuse implies violent behavior, and that there cannot be abusers the same age as the victim. These results indicate that knowledge deficiencies do exist about child sexual abuse among teachers and highlight the need for training in this field.

A longitudinal study was conducted to assess the presence of beliefs about symptoms related to hypertension and the time since diagnosis in which they appear. A randomly selected sample of hypertensive patients (67% women, mean age 53.27 years and range 20-65) was divided into four groups according to the time from diagnosis. All patients ( N  = 171) were interviewed at the beginning (initial assessment) and 12 months later (final assessment) and the patients ( n  = 75) who did not report beliefs about symptoms at the initial assessment were interviewed in a follow-up schedule. The results showed that 56% of patients reported beliefs about symptoms at the initial assessment, and this percentage increased to 77% at the final assessment ( p < .001) finding significant differences between the two groups with a more recent diagnosis and the two groups of long-standing patients. Longitudinal analysis of the group with the recent diagnosis showed that the critical period for the emergence of beliefs was the first year from diagnosis. This period could be decisive in order to prevent them. Healthcare professionals should pay attention to the emergence of these beliefs, as they could negatively affect treatment adherence.

Objective: To test the effectiveness of a program to improve treatment adherence in new onset hypertensive patients., Design: This is a quasi-experimental study., Location: Four health centers in Almeria., Participants: A total of 120 subjects between 18 and 65 years, diagnosed with hypertension within the previous 12 months., Main Measurements: The participants were divided into three groups: intervention group A, which received educational instruction, intervention group B, educational instruction and feedback process, and the control group C, received usual care. Adherence was determined by lifestyle (diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol) and drug treatment., Results: As regards diet and physical activity, there were significant differences between performance groups after intervention (p<0,05), with better adherence levels being found in group B subjects for these variables. Better adherence to pharmacological treatment was also observed in these patients. No significant results were found regarding alcohol and smoking., Conclusions: In the study population, patients undergoing educational instruction and feedback had better adherence levels than those who received only instruction or usual treatment., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background and Objective: To analyze the effects of an aquatic biodance based therapy on sleep quality, anxiety, depression, pain and quality of life in fibromyalgia patients., Patients and Method: Randomized controlled trial with 2 groups. Fifty-nine patients were assigned to 2 groups: experimental group (aquatic biodance) and control group (stretching). The outcome measures were quality of sleep (Pittsburgh questionnaire), anxiety (State Anxiety Inventory), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), pain (visual analogue scale, pressure algometry and McGill) and quality of life (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire) before and after a 12-week therapy., Results: After treatment, we observed significant differences in the experimental group (P<.05) on sleep quality (49.7%), anxiety (14.1%), impact of fibromyalgia (18.3%), pain (27.9%), McGill (23.7%) and tender points (34.4%)., Conclusions: Aquatic biodance contributed to improvements in sleep quality, anxiety, pain and other fibromyalgia symptoms., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To analyze first-time mothers communication with health professionals, and to explore satisfaction, needs and expectation towards healthcare services., Method: Qualitative design using in-deep interviews and phenomenology was used. First-time mothers from Huercal-Overa (Almería) were intentionally selected in 2010 and were included in the study. A hermeneutic analysis was performed., Results: Six meta-categories were obtained. Saturation of information was found with nine interviews. The meta-categories were the following: 1) Health professionals; 2) Pregnancy, partum and postpartum; 3) Communication; 4) Child nutrition; 5) Feelings; 6) Others. The mothers perceived as exciting this new experience and expressed feelings of fear, anguish and high sensitiveness. These feelings are increased by the information received from the family circle and the professionals which is referred low and contradictory. All professionals were positively considered, specially the midwife. The following negative experiences were identified: contractions, dilation and delivery. The end of the stay at the hospital was considered early and the time for consultation was short for the mothers. There is a demand about more information on breast feeding. Mothers wish health professionals to respect their decisions., Conclusions: The study found some areas for improvement in the communication between firs-time mothers and health professionals which could be taken into account in satisfaction promotion plans in regards to healthcare services., (Copyright © 2010 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of connective tissue massage to improve blood circulation and intermittent claudication symptoms in type 2 diabetic patients. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken. Ninety-eight type 2 diabetes patients with stage I or II-a peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (Leriche-Fontaine classification) were randomly assigned to a massage group or to a placebo group treated using disconnected magnetotherapy equipment. Peripheral arterial circulation was determined by measuring differential segmental arterial pressure, heart rate, skin temperature, oxygen saturation and skin blood flow. Measurements were taken before and at 30 min, 6 months and 1 year after the 15-week treatment. After the 15-week program, the groups differed (P < .05) in differential segmental arterial pressure in right lower limb (lower one-third of thigh, upper and lower one-third of leg) and left lower limb (lower one-third of thigh and upper and lower one-third of leg). A significant difference (P < .05) was also observed in skin blood flow in digits 1 and 4 of right foot and digits 2, 4 and 5 of left foot. ANOVA results were significant (P < .05) for right and left foot oxygen saturation but not for heart rate and temperature. At 6 months and 1 year, the groups differed in differential segmental arterial pressure in upper third of left and right legs. Connective tissue massage improves blood circulation in the lower limbs of type 2 diabetic patients at stage I or II-a and may be useful to slow the progression of PAD.

Studies regarding healthcare professionals and patient relationships were found to be few in the review completed by this author. Moreover, there are fewer still that analyze the role of nurse professionals as agents in the relationship. The author of this column approaches the nurse-patient relationship from the framework of the general systems theory and shows the need to further study and clarify the function of different elements in the nurse-patient relationship as it occurs in daily practice, and in patients' expectations.

An exploratory study on the development of beliefs about symptoms as signals of arterial hypertension. In spite of hypertension is known as an asymptomatic health problem, most of the people with such a diagnosis are convinced of experiencing very specific symptoms associated to specific changes in blood pressure (BP). In addition, such beliefs may affect treatment adherence. Previous studies have shown that hypertensive patients use the information they considered right about BP symptoms to regulate the type of decisions they follow in adhering to treatment. The aim of this study is to explore specific variables related with the formation of beliefs about symptoms in a sample of 171 hypertensive patients. Results show that 81,3% of the patients perceived specific symptoms related to changes in hypertension as well as that variables related with the development of these beliefs were mostly: (1) the presence of symptoms during the diagnosis process, (2) the occurrence of hypertensive crisis, and (3) the information provided by others concerning the relationships between symptoms and BP changes. The importance of paying attention to the beliefs of specific symptoms as well as to the circumstances related with the formation process of such beliefs is discussed.