Search

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir de que modo elementos da cosmovisão afro-brasileira, enquanto fontes de conhecimento ancestral e possibilidade epistemológica, podem contribuir para a construção de outras abordagens e metodologias de pesquisa que busquem (se contrapor e) romper com a tradição monológica colonial no campo da pesquisa em educação. Para esta discussão estamos apoiados na perspectiva pós-colonial, a partir do pensamento social afro-latino-americano, nos saberes ancestrais do povo negro, sobretudo naqueles produzidos nas práticas educativas dos terreiros de religião de matriz africana. Além disso, dialogamos com o pensamento de Mikhail Bakhtin. Para isso tomamos a encruzilhada como imagem-conceito e referência epistemológica. A encruzilhada, nesta perspectiva, transcende o signo religioso e se torna uma referência analítica da realidade. Por fim, apresentamos os “círculos dialógicos” como possibilidade metodológica para construção de dados na pesquisa em educação. Com isto, podemos perceber que os círculos dialógicos permitem a construção de uma pesquisa humanizada, calcada na alteridade, no diálogo e no reconhecimento do outro como co-autor do conhecimento e busca romper com um ideal colonizado(r) na construção da pesquisa.

It is unknown how growth in one tissue impacts morphogenesis in a neighboring tissue. To address this, we used the Drosophila ovarian follicle, in which a cluster of 15 nurse cells and a posteriorly located oocyte are surrounded by a layer of epithelial cells. It is known that as the nurse cells grow, the overlying epithelial cells flatten in a wave that begins in the anterior. Here, we demonstrate that an anterior to posterior gradient of decreasing cytoplasmic pressure is present across the nurse cells and that this gradient acts through TGFβ to control both the triggering and the progression of the wave of epithelial cell flattening. Our data indicate that intrinsic nurse cell growth is important to control proper nurse cell pressure. Finally, we reveal that nurse cell pressure and subsequent TGFβ activity in the stretched cells combine to increase follicle elongation in the anterior, which is crucial for allowing nurse cell growth and pressure control. More generally, our results reveal that during development, inner cytoplasmic pressure in individual cells has an important role in shaping their neighbors.

To mitigate the movement of non-native organisms with trade, phytosanitary systems have been implemented within and between countries. In some countries such as Cuba, little is known about the within-state plant health system. To facilitate the development of future trade partnership between Cuba and the United States, agencies need to understand the organizational structure and diagnostic capacity of the Cuban Plant Protection System, identify potential synergies between the United States and Cuban systems, and identify steps towards cooperation. This paper fills this critical void by presenting a descriptive analysis of the plant health system in Cuba. Information was integrated from available literature, informal interviews with Cuban experts, and workshops focused on Cuban policies, risk, and potential collaboration attended by Cuban and American experts. We identify the next practical steps in improving cooperation, including building trust and capacity. Mutual understanding of phytosanitary systems will be crucial for the regional economic and environmental stability of a post-embargo United States-Cuban relationship.

There is growing demand for a broader conception of tree and forest health by commercial and private timberland owners, who make up a substantial proportion of Extension clientele in the southeastern United States. There has been little research to comprehensively capture and represent Extension agents' needs, concerns, and perceived barriers as they respond to client questions and requests regarding tree and forest health topics. Our needs assessment results highlight needs and barriers Extension agents encounter as they address tree and forest health requests from clientele. We provide recommendations for research and practical applications for improving relevant resource support in Extension.

Ganga-Zumbi é um trabalho que analisa, partindo de uma perspectiva histórica, semiótica, rítmica e harmônica, a canção mineira contemporânea Ganga-Zumbi. Esta canção – composta por Sérgio Santos e Paulo César Pinheiro – evidencia um arquétipo da cultura brasileira em uma síntese que traz, em si, muitos elementos rítmicos, ritualísticos e cancionais, contando a história de um de seus personagens históricos, Zumbi dos Palmares. Têm-se por “contemporâneo” um recorte que se estende aos últimos vinte anos, e “mineiro”, um objeto centrado em sua capital, o que – de certa forma – representa eixos identitários e de produção do estado.

Although the regulation of epithelial morphogenesis is essential for the formation of tissues and organs in multicellular organisms, little is known about how signalling pathways control cell shape changes in space and time. In the Drosophila ovarian epithelium, the transition from a cuboidal to a squamous shape is accompanied by a wave of cell flattening and by the ordered remodelling of E-cadherin-based adherens junctions. We show that activation of the TGFβ pathway is crucial to determine the timing, the degree and the dynamic of cell flattening. Within these cells, TGFβ signalling controls cell-autonomously the formation of Actin filament and the localisation of activated Myosin II, indicating that internal forces are generated and used to remodel AJ and to promote cytoskeleton rearrangement. Our results also reveal that TGFβ signalling controls Notch activity and that its functions are partly executed through Notch. Thus, we demonstrate that the cells that undergo the cuboidal-to-squamous transition produce active cell-shaping mechanisms, rather than passively flattening in response to a global force generated by the growth of the underlying cells. Thus, our work on TGFβ signalling provides new insights into the mechanisms through which signal transduction cascades orchestrate cell shape changes to generate proper organ structure.

The war between Ottomans and Habsburgs from 1593 to 1606 looks noteworthy not only because it had been going on for many years, but also because they were equally matched forces: each side alternatively took the advantage over the other, but none of them was conclusive. In consequence, peace was searched with eagerness by both sides. When it finally ended more than half a century later, the Ottomans were in difficulty right from the first battles and, in spite of their great power, they could not find back their preceding successes. What had happened in the meantime? We shall attend here to underline the cost of their lack of interest towards the Thirty Years War (1618-1648): after that, new weapons and the ways of using them, everything in Western Europe had changed concerning the art of war and it seems that nothing of these new conditions was known on the shore of the Bosphorus.

In the Seyahatnâme we find two references for a relic kept in Urfa at an uncertain date, stockings or sock of Jesus. This reference is related to the headdress characteristic of the Venitian Doge, the corno ducale, ridiculous according to Evliyâ because it evokes a sock et reminds him the Karagöz and Hacivat hairddresses. But Jesus was walking barefoot, no socks-relics. Could the Word “sock” mean “footprint”? The mystery is not solved.

No presente artigo, a análise centra-se nas práticas leitoras de quatro famílias de grupos periféricos urbanos, da cidade de Belo Horizonte, que receberam livros literários entregues aos alunos do ensino fundamental nos anos de 2001 a 2003 pelo programa "Literatura em minha casa". Utilizando-se de conceitos como disponibilidade, acesso e apropriação, esta análise descortinou diferentes representações de leitor em diferentes comunidades leitoras.

A Fredholm integral equation of the second kind in L1([a, b], C) with a weakly singular kernel is considered. Sufficient conditions are given for the existence and uniqueness of the solution. We adapt the product integration method proposed in C0 ([a, b], C) to apply it in L1 ([a, b], C), and discretize the equation. To improve the accuracy of the approximate solution, we use different iterative refinement schemes which we compare one to each other. Numerical evidence is given with an application in Astrophysics.

During cortical development, the identity of major classes of long-distance projection neurons is established by the expression of molecular determinants, which become gradually restricted and mutually exclusive. However, the mechanisms by which projection neurons acquire their final properties during postnatal stages are still poorly understood. In this study, we show that the number of neurons co-expressing Ctip2 and Satb2, respectively involved in the early specification of subcerebral and callosal projection neurons, progressively increases after birth in the somatosensory cortex. Ctip2/Satb2 postnatal co-localization defines two distinct neuronal subclasses projecting either to the contralateral cortex or to the brainstem suggesting that Ctip2/Satb2 co-expression may refine their properties rather than determine their identity. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches reveal that the transcriptional adaptor Lmo4 drives this maturation program through modulation of epigenetic mechanisms in a time- and area-specific manner, thereby indicating that a previously unknown genetic program postnatally promotes the acquisition of final subtype-specific features.

En este trabajo analizamos las grandes transformaciones que ocurren en la población rural con énfasis en los últimos 20 años. En la primera parte del estudio constatamos que la población ru ral crece constantemente a pesar de las migraciones. Vemos cómo se transforma la migración cam po-ciudad por la generalización de un mercado de trabajo insuficiente, precario y flex i ble. Así, se fortalece un nuevo modelo migratorio: la población no campesina en el cam po tiende a quedarse en sus lugares de origen en vez de migrar definitivamente a la ciudad y busca trabajo tem po ral de corta o larga duración. Esta acumulación de la población en el campo no sólo provoca una mayor pobreza, sino también acelera el proceso de creación de nuevas localidades dispersas, aisladas y marginadas. En la segunda parte analizamos la dinámica de los hogares rurales a partir de las Encuestas Nacionales de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares de 1992 y 2004. Observamos que, du rante el periodo estudiado, disminuyen notablemente los hogares campesinos, mientras los hogares no campesinos crecen y conforman hoy la mayoría de los hogares rurales. Examinamos los ingresos de esos hogares, su nivel de pobreza y tasa ocupacional. Llegamos a dos constataciones principales: en los hogares campesinos el trabajo asalariado ha desplazado la actividad agropecuaria (pluriactividad), además de que los campesinos tienden a ser más pobres que los no campesinos. Concluimos con la necesidad de repensar los conceptos clásicos que utilizamos tanto para analizar el sec tor agropecuario como el espacio rural, en particular los conceptos de la relación campo-ciudad y del campesino.

In a global world marked by high-speed and violence, the futures are an object for social anthropologists of the contemporary: to try see this world with more intelligibility. For the futures are socially situated, plural, conflictive – and are fully a part of what composes this world as well as being the stuff of which we craft it. The frame here is a pragmatic political anthropology of spaces: it looks at how people make or contest spaces – to do things together or make war. But in order to craft spaces, people mobilize temporalities, which happen to be also spatially anchored. To make an urban district, a country, to annex a region, people mobilize pasts, not past, which are fully available in the present and/or which mobilize spatialized futures – all frequently echoing one another. The ways we anchor temporalities in spaces are enclosed in power relationships, and are ways of taking political positions.Thus this article aims to propose ways of describing the politics of spatializing temporalities with which people make or contest spaces in the Russian context: how can one draw the plural and conflicting topography of the temporalities mobilized in the making of spaces? Its politics is to not draw analytical or conceptual frontiers, and to not remain content with the-always-probable-worst – but to give all their place to descriptions intentionally left open, as well as to counter-hegemonic practices of spatializations of the future: to other possibles.

Opiniones y Ensayos

Among the myths that keep cropping up at all times and in all places, the one about the builder of walls defending civilized humanity against the Other, under his most frightening aspects, has always enjoyed great popularity. From the prototype of a legendary Alexander the Great it has gone through various transformations, and has also been kept alive in many of the Islamic literatures.On three different aspects of this inexhaustible field of research, each of the authors has made a brief survey. The result shows quite a few examples of continuities, parallelisms and complex convergences, but there also appear the first signs of an erosion of the myths through the effect of a critical spirit aroused by the Western approach.

Notre ouvrage récemment paru sur les relations osmano-safavides au temps de Şâh İsma’il et la série d'études qui l'ont précédé ou accompagné nous ont offert l'occasion de publier quelques documents émanant de Bıyıklı Mehmed Paşa ou concernant celui-ci de manière directe. Quatre lettres inédites du premier beylerbey du Diyâr Bekir, conservées dans les Archives de Topkapı, subsistaient dans nos dossiers et méritaient, à divers titres, d'etre publiées. Nous allons les présenter dans les pages qui suivent. Puissent-elles servir, comme les précédentes, à enrichir notre connaissance de cet important personnage qui joua, dans l'histoire de l'Anatolie orientale de son temps, un rôle essentiel et à la biographie duquel, semble-t-il, aucune étude d'ensemble n'a encore été consacrée.

Cette chose, serait-ce un « truc » ou un « bidule » ? Une chose grande. Vue générale du monument à Pierre le Grand par Zurab Tsereteli à Moscou, avril 1997, photo de l’auteur. C’est une chose étrange, une « drôle de chose », une chose grande à défaut peut-être d’être une grande chose. Elle mesure, paraît-il, nonante-six mètres de haut. On ne sait pas trop comment elle s’appelle, ou plutôt, elle est affublée de nombreux quolibets : par exemple ...