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Ovarian fibroma represents the commonest benign tumor of the ovarian stroma. The cellular fibroma is a tumor of uncertain malignant potential that may recur or be associated with peritoneal implants. Usually these are solid tumors, sometimes with small areas of cystic degeneration. The authors present a case of a 70-year-old female patient with an enormous cellular ovarian fibroma located at the region of the right adnexa. The aim of this study consists of the presentation, dissection, and proper management of this rare histologic subtype of ovarian tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 34-year-old woman with a month history of lower abdominal pain who presented in the hospital. It says that ultrasound and pelvic computed tomography revealed a right ovarian mass with eight centimeter (cm) in diameter. It mentions that the patient undergo right salpingo-oophorectomy and she was free of recurrence four years following the surgery.

The article presents a case study of a 52-year-old woman with cystic left ovarian mass. Bilateral salpingo-oophorecromy with omentectomy and hysterectomy executed. The histology of the surgical specimen indicated well distinguished endometrioid ovarian cancer and well distinguished endometrioid endometrial cancer. The woman has not been previously received ovulation induction drugs treatment.

The article reports on the study that evaluates a patient with malignant adenomyoepithelioma (MAME) of the breast. It shows that the tumor was associated with adenosis and in adjacent position to the infiltrating portions a circumscribed nodule with histological features of benign adenomyoepithelioma was present. It reveals that MEMA is a rare neoplasm reported in women and it tends to show hemotogenous metastasis.

For patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for whom bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment has failed, bladder preservation is a high priority. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise, but systemic administration is associated with substantial toxicity. In this single-arm phase 2 study, 30 patients with NMIBC after BCG failure were treated with intravesical durvalumab every 6 wk. The maximum tolerated dose in the run-in phase was 1000 mg. In phase 2, the high-grade relapse (HGR)-free rate at 1 yr after completing therapy was 39% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18-59%). HGR-free rates at 1, 3, and 6 mo after completing study treatment were 70% (95% CI 45-85%), 55% (95% CI 31-74%), and 39% (95% CI 18-59%), respectively. At 13 mo after completing enrolment, four patients in phase 2 had experienced progression to stage ≥T2; the 1-yr bladder-intact survival rate was 78% (95% CI 57-89%). The only treatment-related adverse event was grade 1 haematuria in five patients (17%). In conclusion, intravesical durvalumab 1000 mg every 6 wk is feasible after BCG failure in patients with high-risk NMIBC, with negligible toxicity and encouraging efficacy. Intravesical durvalumab may be more attractive than systemic administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors and warrants further investigation as a treatment for NMIBC. This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03759496., (Copyright © 2024 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background/aim: Acceptance of corneas from donors with a malignancy remains controversial, especially for donors with hematological malignancy. The aim of our study was to examine, for the first time in literature, any structural differences in the integrity of the corneal grafts from donors who have received and from those who have not received chemotherapy., Materials and Methods: The immunohistochemical expression of CD44 was examined in 12 corneal grafts obtained from 8 donors. Three grafts were obtained from 2 donors who had received chemotherapy and the rest were obtained from 6 donors who had not received any kind of chemotherapy., Results: Epithelial cells expressed the CD44 molecule in all grafts of both groups. No CD44 expression was noticed on endothelial cells or in the stroma., Conclusion: Tumorigenesis and the consequent chemotherapy did not affect the structure and integrity of the corneal tissue in the examined samples. We suggest that corneal grafts from cancer donors are safe and functionally equals to grafts obtained from non-cancer donors., (Copyright © 2020 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels with histological characters of atherosclerotic plaque that makes it vulnerable, as well as ultrasound (US) criteria that can contribute to the prognosis of carotid disease., Material and Methods: This is a single-center prospective study. Our study population consists of 74 diabetic and nondiabetic patients with carotid atherosclerosis who underwent carotid endarterectomy in our department. Patient categorization was based on the following criteria: levels of HbA1c, gender, and risk factors (smoking, hypertension), carotid stenosis rate, symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease, histological examination of the atherosclerotic plaque, and US morphological criteria of the plaque., Results: The mean age of the patients was 68.2 years (standard deviation = 7.8); 58.1% were smokers, 71.6% had arterial hypertension, 37.8% had symptomatic carotid disease, and 64.9% had atherosclerotic plaque type 6. Futhermore, 95.9% of the patients had a carotid stenosis rate more than 70% and 4.1% had from 50% to 69%. Older patients had more frequent type 7 and 8 atherosclerotic plaque based on American Heart Association scoring system than younger patients (P = 0.041). The relative likelihood of atherosclerotic plaque type 7 and 8 was 1.12 times higher in older patients (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.12, P = 0.029). Patients with higher levels of HbA1cwere more likely to have type 6 atherosclerotic plaque than those with atherosclerotic lesions type 7 and 8 (P < 0.001). Specifically, increasing the level of HbA1c by 1 mg/dl increases the likelihood of the presence of vulnerable plaque by 2.55%. Moreover, the relative likelihood of a type 6 atherosclerotic plaque was 10.4 times higher in the older patients (OR = 10.4, P < 0.001)., Conclusions: This study demonstrates that levels of HbA1c and advanced age are 2 factors that may be correlated with the presence of vulnerable carotid plaques in diabetic population. Moreover, HbA1c is an independent factor that could possibly be used as a prognostic marker for carotid artery disease, although further studies are needed to explore this association to elucidate the precise role of HbA1c., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Cartilaginous tumors involving the small bones of the hands and feet are usually benign such as enchondroma, chondromyxoid fibroma and chondroblastoma. The small bones of the hands and feet are rarely involved by primary chondrosarcoma. Proximal phalanges are the most common sites in the hands, but the fourth digit is the least common site., Case Presentation: We report a case of a 76-year-old Greek female who presented to our hospital with a painful swollen mass measuring 4.5 × 2.6 cm on the fourth digit of the left hand. The radiograph showed a destructive, permeative lytic tumor of the proximal phalanx with extension into soft tissue. The patient underwent curettage, and the microscopic examination of the specimen revealed grade 2 chondrosarcoma., Conclusion: Cartilaginous tumors involving the small bones of the hands and feet are usually benign such as enchondroma, chondromyxoid fibroma and chondroblastoma. Primary chondrosarcoma is the third most common malignancy of bone after myeloma and osteosarcoma, but the small bones of the hands and feet are very rarely involved by chondrosarcoma (1% of all chondrosarcoma). However, in these cases differentiation between a benign lesion and chondrosarcoma may be difficult. Occasionally chondrosarcoma of the hands and feet is associated with multiple recurrences or distal metastasis.

Background: Interposition of a reversed intestinal segment as a factor facilitating intestinal adaptation has been experimentally investigated. Controversy exists about its efficacy in terms of body weight improvement, direction of luminal changes, and underlying mechanisms. This study aims to provide a comprehensive approach., Methods: The pigs were randomly allocated to two groups: (1) short bowel (SB) group (n=8) and (2) short bowel reverse jejunal segment (SB-RS) group (n=8). On postoperative d 3, 30, and 60, intestinal transit time was measured; body weight and serum albumin were measured on baseline, as well as on postoperative d 30 and 60. After sacrifice, histopathologic and immunohistochemical (PCNA, activated caspase-3) evaluation followed., Results: Transit time was numerically longer in SB-RS group at all time points; the difference reached statistical significance on d 60. No statistically significant differences were observed concerning body weight or serum albumin. In the SB-RS group, a statistically significant increase in muscle thickness, crypt depth, villus height, and PCNA immunostaining, and a decrease in caspase-3 positive (+) cell count were documented both at the jejunal and ileal level., Conclusions: The reversed jejunal segment seemed able to enhance intestinal adaptation at a histopathologic level, as well as to favorably modify transit time. These putatively beneficial actions were not reflected upon body weight. The decrease in apoptosis was caspase-3-dependent., (Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Cutaneous apocrine gland carcinoma, a subtype of sweat gland carcinoma, is a very rare malignancy, and only few cases have been reported in the literature. Many of these carcinomas are indolent and slowly developing, but some are rapidly progressive. The treatment of choice is wide local excision with clear margins, with or without lymph node dissection. We report a case of a 67-year-old man who came to our hospital with an ulcerated nodule in the right axilla measuring 1 × 0.8 cm. Histological evaluation showed features of an apocrine gland carcinoma arising in an area of high apocrine gland density.

Leydig cell tumour is a benign testicular non-germ cell tumour, and malignant transformation is rare. We report a case of a 35-year-old man who came to our hospital with a painless left testicular mass measuring 1.2 × 1 cm. Histological evaluation of the tumour showed features of a malignant Leydig cell tumour but no infiltration beyond the capsule or metastasis. The small size of the tumour was remarkable.

Background: Extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma (EPSPC) is a rare cancer closely related to ovarian carcinoma and characterized by abdominal carcinomatosis without an identifiable abdominal primary tumor., Case: A woman presented with ascites. She had an elevated serum CA-125. Peritoneal carcinomatosis without involvement of the ovaries was found. Paracentesis of the ascitic fluid resulted in a positive cytologic report not further suggestive of the malignancy origin, balancing between a mesothelioma and an adenocarcinoma. The histologic and immunohistochemical study of peritoneal biopsy specimens resulted in the diagnosis of EPSPC., Conclusion: The combination of cytology, histology, immunohistochemistry and clinical data is a reliable method for the preoperative diagnosis of EPSPC, allowing prompt chemotherapy as surgery may not be indicated in most cases.

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare variant of pancreatic exocrine carcinoma. We report a case of 70 year old man who came to our hospital with abdominal pain, anorexia and jaundice. Imaging of the abdomen showed a mass in the region of the head of the pancreas. Histological evaluation of the pancreatic tumor showed an adenosquamous carcinoma which was extensively infiltrative with perineural invasion, involvement of peripancreatic lymph nodes and all the thickness of the duodenum wall. The tumor exhibited a biphasic malignant growth identified as well to moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma and well to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.

Malignant mixed müllerian tumour of the fallopian tube is an extremely rare lesion and to date only approximately 50 cases have been reported. The tumour is seldom distinguished preoperatively from other more common lesions or ovarian cancer. We report a case of a 60-year-old woman who presented to our hospital with pelvic pain. There was no clinical evidence of ascites or adenopathy. Ultrasound and abdominal and pelvic computed tomography showed a left adnexal mass. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were carried out. Grossly the left side of the fallopian tube was dilated and the cut surface revealed a solid mass filling the entire lumen. Histological examinations showed a malignant mixed müllerian tumour. The tumor was an admixture of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. The carcinomatous element was composed of well to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and the sarcomatous component was made up of anaplastic spindle shaped cells with hyperchromatic nuclei. An immunohistochemical study was performed. The patient was admitted to the anticancer hospital for further treatment. The prognosis of a primary malignancy of the fallopian tube is poor and depends more on staging than on histologic type and grade.

We describe a case of gastric carcinoid and inflammatory fibroid polyp concomitant with a composite tumor of the gastric antrum composed of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma - endocrine carcinoma with immunohistochemical documentation of endocrine and non endocrine differentiation in a 67-year-old man with atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. When gastrectomy was carried out, two lymph nodes along the greater curvature harbored metastasis from carcinoid. The same occurrence is reported in several cases in the literature, which suggests that the association of gastric carcinoid to adenocarcinoma could point to the malignant nature of carcinoid. Furthermore, the findings in this patient reinforce the concept that the epithelial and neuroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract both result from multidirectional differentiation of a primitive cell.

Glomus tumors are relatively uncommon benign neoplasms, most common in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but can also occur in the viscera, most often in the stomach. Preoperative diagnosis, when the tumor occurs in the stomach, seems difficult but is important, since glomus tumors of the stomach are essentially benign and amenable to conservative excision, contrary to aggressive gastric neoplasms. We describe the case of a 75-year-old man presented to the emergency department with gastrointestinal bleeding and epigastric pain. Gastroscopy revealed a submucosal mass in the antrum of the stomach in correspondence to the lesser curvature. Biopsies taken from the lesion showed morphological and immunohistochemical [positivity for alphasmooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and vimentin, negativity for CD34, CD117, chromogranin, synaptophysin, desmin and S-100 protein] characteristics attributable to glomus tumor. The patient underwent a laparotomic antrotomy incision. Histological examination of the tumor confirmed the diagnosis of gastric glomus tumor.

Primary lymphoma of the breast is an uncommon malignant breast tumor which is seldom distinguished preoperatively from other more common forms of breast cancer. Bilateral breast lymphoma affects younger women especially during pregnancy or postpartum. We report a case of a 55-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital with painless bilateral breast enlargement. A bilateral radical mastectomy with bilateral axillary lymph node dissection was performed. The histology of the surgical specimen was non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma of the diffused large B cell type. Most of the neoplastic cells resembled large centrocytes and sometimes blast cells showing some degree of plasmacytoid differentiation. Foci with a sufficient number of immunoblasts were also noted. The patient was also found to have a bilateral axillary lymph node metastasis. After additional clinical and laboratory screening, there was no other evidence of lymphatic disease at other sites. The patient was submitted to the anticancer hospital for further treatment. She was free of recurrence two years after surgery. The rarity of the disease, lack of uniform classification and variable treatment modalities make prognostic predictions of breast lymphoma difficult.