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The agricultural pests play a role in the destruction of agricultural lands and crops, which necessitated farmers to resort to the use of pesticides to address the problem, to protect their crops, increase production and reduce prices, and the use of pesticides in agricultural pest resistance was considered a solution to the problems of famine in developing countries, but the tendency of farmers to use pesticides has an impact on human health, exposing agricultural crops to the risks of pesticide contamination. The importance of the topic of this study lies in the negative effects on human health due to the misuse of pesticides in agriculture, in the absence of control and education of farmers. The study describes the outcome of the results of the analysis of the level of pesticide residues in food products such as cereals, legumes, seeds and nuts imported through the outlets of the emirate of Dubai during the period (2019-2020), which was carried out by the food studies and Systems Section of the Food Safety Department at Dubai Municipality. The aim of this study is to verify that the percentage of pesticide residues does not exceed the permissible limit in grains, legumes, seeds and nuts imported of all kinds and available in the local market of the emirate of Dubai, and that the pesticide residues in them are within the safe limit for consumers and approved according to the UAE standard (maximum limits for pesticide residues in agricultural and food products-UAE.SMRL 1: 2017), the study presented the results of the tested samples, of which were valid and other samples exceeded the percentage of pesticide residues in them, and the results of laboratory-tested samples were also presented according to the countries from which cereals, legumes, seeds and nuts are imported, and also touched on the types and The number of pesticides in the examination. The analyzed results raise concern for consumer health, and the study offers a number of suggestions, including increasing the efficiency of control systems (such as activating the traceability process for food products from the country of origin), and thus will contribute to continuing to ensure a high level of consumer protection. The study also provides recommendations to the competent regulatory authorities to address indiscriminate practices in food production, which lead to exceeding the percentage of pesticide residues in cereals, legumes, seeds and nuts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of ultrasound to intensify the germination process of Triticum aestivum L. wheat was studied. This method of controlled germination can be used in several sectors of food industry, in particular in bakery. The effect of low-frequency ultrasound (20 kHz) at different intensities and duration on the germination process of Triticum aestivum L. wheat was systematically studied. We have found that 3-minute processing at 227 W/l output reduces the duration of wheat grain germination by 25% (12 ± 2 h) compared to the control samples. The use of ultrasound stimulated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis (18.9 ± 0.5 mg/100 g), increased the antioxidant activity (AOA) (2.86 ± 0.2 mg/g Trolox equivalents) and the amount of flavonoids (0.19 ± 0.03 mg QE/g). The SEM analysis of powder particles of whole-wheat flour made from wheat germinated with ultrasound exposure showed densely packed aggregates of protein matrix. To sum up, controlled ultrasound during wheat grain germination increases the amount of GABA and AOA. The whole-wheat flour is useful for food enrichment.

The collection of occurrence data on Alternaria toxins in food and feed across the European countries is required since 2012 by the European Commission, endorsing the relevant scientific opinion by the EFSA CONTAM Panel. Within this framework, occurrence data for Alternaria toxins (Alternariol, Alternariol monomethyl ether, Tenuazonic acid, Tentoxin, and Altenuene) in 97 samples of cereal foods, tomato products, and sunflower seeds have been provided as requested by the Italian national monitoring programme (years 2017–2020). To this purpose, an LC-MS/MS method was set up and validated, obtaining fit for purpose sensitivity, recoveries (70–120%), repeatability (≤20%) and within laboratory reproducibility (≤26%). Occurrence data showed that oilseeds were the most contaminated food group with levels of Tenuazonic acid up to 16752 µg/kg and Tentoxin up to 570 µg/kg, whereas for the other mycotoxin/commodities combinations, the percentage of left censored data (below the limit of quantification) ranged from 74 to 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Grain consumption has been associated with brain carcinogenesis in earlier studies, however, no data are available examining the association between refined grains consumption and risk of glioma. The current study was done to investigate the association between refined grains consumption and risk of glioma in Iranian adults. Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was performed on 128 pathologically confirmed cases with glioma and 256 age- and sex-matched controls in Tehran, Iran. Dietary intakes of participants including refined grains consumption were collected using a validated Block-format 123-item detailed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Refined grains were considered as the sum of white breads, pasta, rice, boiled and fried potato, sweets, and cookies. Results: A significant positive association was found between refined grains consumption and glioma (OR: 3.51, 95% CI: 1.97–6.26, Ptrend <0.001). This association did not change after adjustment for energy intake (OR: 4.30, 95% CI: 2.27–8.15, Ptrend <0.001). After controlling for potential confounders, those in the top tertile of refined grains consumption were significantly more likely to have glioma than those in the bottom tertile (OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.38–6.17, Ptrend = 0.007). This significant association remained unchanged, even after further adjustment for other dietary variables (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.15–5.63, Ptrend = 0.02) and BMI (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.12–5.53, Ptrend = 0.03). Conclusion: We found a significant positive association between refined grains consumption and odds of glioma. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review presents an overview of the state-of-art on uses of Lupinus mutabilis. This valuable legume is cheap, eco-friendly, has good taste and could be used to increase the protein content and to improve the fat and protein profile of more than fifty processed and fresh products (i.e. spaghetti, lasagne, snacks, bread, hamburgers, sweets, soups, and salads). L. mutabilis might also be used to prepare meat, milk and yoghurt substitutes with good sensory evaluation. Sensory evaluation of specific fermented sausage and jelly ranked better than the control. Specific L. mutabilis spaghetti had similar rheological behaviour like the control. Bread with 10% of L. mutabilis flour had a protein efficiency radio (76%) higher than the control (28%) and similar acceptability. L. mutabilis jelly could reduce postprandial glucose in people with non-insulin dependent diabetes and L. mutabilis purée could be eaten by people with celiac disorders (especially babies). Data on each product is critically evaluated to infer conclusions and to make suggestions to improve the sensory, rheological and nutritional quality of lupin products.

The special role of grain in the composition of commercial products of the agro-industrial complex is determined by its strategic importance as a main food product and a very important, and for certain branches of animal husbandry, a crucial component of feed. On the other hand, Kazakhstan has become a major grain producer due to its natural and other features. In the conditions of economic transformation, the preservation of grain production and ensuring the rational use of its development potential is largely determined by the state of market functioning. In the formation and development of the grain market, inter-industry economic relations are of paramount importance. The new situation of Kazakhstan's participation in the world grain market, which requires scientific generalization, is connected with the formation of sovereign States and the transformation of trade between them from interregional to interstate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the issue of assessing the safety of food products that are traditional for the Ukrainian consumer (bakery products and wheat flakes). The relevance of the work is due to the fact that safety is an important indicator of consumer properties that all food products should have. The biological methods are widely used, including biosensor technologies and biotestingto assess the safety of food products. Biotesting is one of the research methods used to determine the degree of influence of chemicals potentially hazardous to living organisms by registering changes in biologically significant indicators (test functions) of research test objects with subsequent assessment of their condition in accordance with the selected toxicity criterion. The work assessesthe organoleptic indicators of the test samples. As a result, it was established that the samples fully comply with the requirements of the regulatory documentation, except for sample № 7 in which dampness and an off-taste are felt; this may indicate non-compliance with the storage or sale conditions. The safety of bakery products and wheat flakes was assessed using the Colpoda Steinii ciliate test object. It was established that the test samples did not contain toxic substances, and in the sample № 7 – wheat flakes purchased by weight on the market, the death of most of the Colpoda Steinii occurred within 10 minutes. This indicates its insignificant toxicity and the inadmissibility of further sale of such a product to the population. The second method was used to test the lethality of Daphnia Magna Straus (Crustacea).The results showed that in samples № 1 – 6 the number of dead Daphnia corresponds to the "non-toxic" indicator, but in sample No. 7 the number of dead Daphnia was 25%, which indicates the toxicity of this product. The third method was carried out according to the method based on the non-destructive biocrystallization method. It was established that samples 1 and 2 are characterized by the most symmetric biocrystallogram, which indicates their higher degree of organicity, which, in our opinion, is determined by a smaller share of external negative impact on the product and high-quality raw materials that were used in the production of these samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional electrochemical detection in food samples often suffers from low stability and poor reproducibility. The construction of ratiometric sensor is regarded as an effective means to overcome the issues. Herein, poly-curcumin (p-CCM)-Multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was constructed as a novel rationmetric sensing material for detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in grain samples. Under the synergistic effect of MWCNTs and the adsorption capacity of LDHs, the p-CCM/MWCNTs/LDHs can significantly enhance the electrochemical responses of heavy metals. In the differential pulse voltammetry test, the ratio of oxidation peak currents between heavy metal ions and curcumin was directly proportional to the concentration of heavy metal ions. This has formed the basis of a new ratiometric electrochemical sensor for the detection of the levels of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in grain products. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection for Cd2+ and Pb2+ were found to be 0.61 μg mL−1 and 0.74 μg mL−1, respectively. It is worth mentioning that the method was additionally utilized to detect Cd2+ and Pb2+ in rice and flour samples. The satisfactory recovery outcomes in both samples demonstrated minimal interference of the food matrix with the obtained ratiometric sensor. In this work, a CCM-based ratiometric electrochemical sensor was presented, which could potentially replace the widely used ferrocene-based ratiometric electrochemical sensor, thereby enhancing the exploration of electrode materials for ratiometric electrochemical sensors. [Display omitted] • Curcumin was composited with CNTs/LDHs to form an ratiometric electrochemical sensing interface by a simple and wild method. • Curcumin-based ratiometric electrochemical sensor was established for the first time and utilized for Pb2+ and Cd2+ sensing. • The method was applied to detect Pb2+ and Cd2+ in cereal samples with satisfactory LOD and recoveries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/objectives Many diet quality scores exist, but fully food-based scores based on contemporary evidence are scarce. Our aim was to develop a food-based diet score based on international literature and examine its discriminative capacity and socio-demographic determinants. Subjects/methods Between 2006 and 2013, dietary intake of 129,369 participants of the Lifelines Cohort (42% male, 45 [plus or minus] 13 years (range 18-93)) was assessed with a 110-item food frequency questionnaire. Based on the 2015 Dutch Dietary Guidelines and underlying literature, nine food groups with positive (vegetables, fruit, whole grain products, legumes&nuts, fish, oils&soft margarines, unsweetened dairy, coffee and tea) and three food groups with negative health effects (red&processed meat, butter&hard margarines and sugar-sweetened beverages) were identified. Per food group, the intake in grams per 1000 kcal was categorized into quintiles, awarded 0 to 4 points (negative groups scored inversely) and summed. Food groups with neutral, unknown or inconclusive evidence are described but not included. Results The Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS) discriminated well between high and low consumers of included food groups. This is illustrated by e.g. a 2-fold higher vegetable intake in the highest, compared to the lowest LLDS quintile. Differences were 5.5-fold for fruit, 3.5-fold for fish, 3-fold for dairy and 8-fold for sugar-sweetened beverages. The LLDS was higher in females and positively associated with age and educational level. Conclusions The LLDS is based on the latest international evidence for diet-disease relations at the food group level and has high capacity to discriminate people with widely different intakes. Together with the population-based quintile approach, this makes the LLDS a flexible, widely applicable tool for diet quality assessment., Author(s): Petra C. Vinke [sup.1] , Eva Corpeleijn [sup.1] , Louise H. Dekker [sup.2] , David R. Jacobs [sup.3] , Gerjan Navis [sup.2] , Daan Kromhout [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) [...]

This review presents an overview of the state-of-art on uses of Lupinus mutabilis. This valuable legume is cheap, eco-friendly, has good taste and could be used to increase the protein content and to improve the fat and protein profile of more than fifty processed and fresh products (i.e. spaghetti, lasagne, snacks, bread, hamburgers, sweets, soups, and salads). L. mutabilis might also be used to prepare meat, milk and yoghurt substitutes with good sensory evaluation. Sensory evaluation of specific fermented sausage and jelly ranked better than the control. Specific L. mutabilis spaghetti had similar rheological behaviour like the control. Bread with 10% of L. mutabilis flour had a protein efficiency radio (76%) higher than the control (28%) and similar acceptability. L. mutabilis jelly could reduce postprandial glucose in people with non-insulin dependent diabetes and L. mutabilis purée could be eaten by people with celiac disorders (especially babies). Data on each product is critically evaluated to infer conclusions and to make suggestions to improve the sensory, rheological and nutritional quality of lupin products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel electrochemical probe PB@ZIF-8/PDA/IgG was proposed. • The advantages of PB, ZIF-8 and PDA collaborated to enhance detection sensitivity. • The developed immunosensor had a detection limit of 0.0186 pg mL−1. • Proposed immunosensor was used for detection of deoxynivalenol in grain products. The presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in grains poses a threat to human health, which is critical for sensitive detection of DON. In this electrochemical immunosensor, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) loaded with Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles was coated by polydopamine (PDA) as a redox probe. The high porosity of ZIF-8, the unique electrochemical activity of PB and the outstanding electrical conductivity of PDA improved the sensitivity of the immunosensor. Under the optimized conditions, the peak current in differential pulse voltammetry displayed a good linear relationship over DON concentrations in a range of 0.1–5000 pg mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.0186 pg mL−1. In addition, the immunosensor also had good selectivity and stability. Good recoveries of 85.67 to 118.00 % have been achieved for the detection of DON in spiked grain products. This new strategy exhibits great potential for simple and rapid detection of DON in grain and feed products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to evaluate the usefulness of the ion trap mass spectrometry coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of selected trichothecenes (nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, fusarenon-X, neosolaniol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, HT-2 and T-2 toxins) in grain products. These compounds were extracted from the grain products and then cleaned up with the developed, simple and robust procedure using some mixture of neutral alumina, charcoal and diatomaceous earth. Method recovery was 88-125 % depending on combination of the analysed mycotoxins, sample matrix and the fortification level. Method precision expressed by relative standard deviation ranged from 2.6 to 27.4 %. The concentrations of the selected trichothecenes have been determined in 94 samples of cereal-based products. Maize-based next to wheat-based products were the most contaminated with deoxynivalenol, neosolaniol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol and HT-2 toxin. In 83 % of wheat-based products, deoxynivalenol was determined at the average level of 249 μg kg. The highest concentration of deoxynivalenol-2,026 μg kg (476 ± 471 μg kg on the average)-was found in the maize-based product. Other mycotoxins were found much less frequently: 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol in only one sample at the concentration of 59 μg kg, neosolaniol, HT-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol in a few samples on average concentrations close to respective limits of quantification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]