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2. Identifying priority sites for whale shark ship collision management globally

Author

Womersley, Freya C., Rohner, Christoph A., Abrantes, Kátya, Afonso, Pedro, Arunrugstichai, Shin, Bach, Steffen S., Bar, Shir, Barash, Adi, Barnes, Peter, Barnett, Adam, Boldrocchi, Ginevra, Buffat, Noemie, Canon, Tom, Perez, Clara Canovas, Chuangcharoendee, Metavee, Cochran, Jesse E.M., de la Parra, Rafael, Diamant, Stella, Driggers, William, Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Fitzpatrick, Richard, Flam, Anna, Fontes, Jorge, Francis, Gemma, Galvan, Beatriz Eugenia, Graham, Rachel T., Green, Sofia M., Green, Jonathan R., Grosmark, Ya'ara, Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale S., Harvey, Maria, Harvey-Carroll, Jessica, Hasan, Abdi Wunanto, Hearn, Alex R., Hendon, Jill M., Putra, Mochamad Iqbal Herwata, Himawan, Mahardika Rizqi, Hoffmayer, Eric, Holmberg, Jason, Hsu, Hua Hsun, Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Jansen, Ashlee, Judd, Christy, Kuguru, Baraka, Lester, Emily, Macena, Bruno C.L., Magson, Kirsty, Maguiño, Rossana, Manjaji-Matsumoto, Mabel, Marcoux, Stacia D., Marcoux, Travis, McKinney, Jennifer, Meekan, Mark, Mendoza, Alejandra, Moazzam, Muhammad, Monacella, Emily, Norman, Brad, Perry, Cameron, Pierce, Simon, Prebble, Clare, Macías, Dení Ramírez, Raudino, Holly, Reynolds, Samantha, Robinson, David, Rowat, David, Santos, Mudjekeewis D., Schmidt, Jennifer, Scott, Chad, See, Sian Tian, Sianipar, Abraham, Speed, Conrad W., Syakurachman, Ismail, Tyne, Julian A., Waples, Kelly, Winn, Chloe, Yuneni, Ranny R., Zareer, Irthisham, and Araujo, Gonzalo

Published
2024
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5. Baseline assessment of the coastal elasmobranch fauna of Eastern Cabo Verde, West Africa.

Author

Seymour, Zeddy T. A., Monteiro, Ze Luis, Monteiro, Angelito, Baremore, Ivy E., Garzon, Francesco, and Graham, Rachel T.

Subjects
MARINE resources conservation, FOOD chains, SPECIES diversity, CHONDRICHTHYES, MEGAFAUNA
Abstract

An increasing onus on elasmobranch management by regional bodies has been hindered by a lack of data on abundance, distribution and fisheries, especially in data‐poor areas like the eastern Atlantic Ocean. From 2015 through 2017, 204 baited remote underwater videos (BRUV) were deployed in Cabo Verde around the eastern islands of Sal, Boavista and Maio and the remote offshore reef João Valente to establish a baseline of elasmobranch abundance. Over 200 hours of footage revealed 215 individual elasmobranchs, spanning 14 species from 6 taxonomic families. The abundance of elasmobranchs was highest in Maio, the island with the smallest human population, followed by Boavista and Sal. Smaller‐bodied meso‐predatory species such as the common smoothhound (Mustelus mustelus) and the Atlantic weasel shark (Paragaleus pectoralis) constituted the majority of observations in Maio and Boavista. Inversely, Carcharhinus spp. were observed in considerably greater abundance in Sal, and there was notably lower abundance of small‐bodied sharks at sites with high large‐bodied Carcharhinid abundance. Species richness was consistent with abundance estimates across islands, with Boavista and Sal recording the highest species diversity, followed by Maio. Results suggest that amongst Cabo Verde's eastern islands, there exists a high relative diversity and abundance of coastal elasmobranchs compared to populations in West Africa. Nonetheless, there is evidence of exploitation of higher trophic levels species. This trend is most notable in the decreasing abundance of Carcharhinids with increasing proximity to the capital city Praia, suggesting that fishing efforts from the capital are negatively affecting the abundance of large‐bodied, higher‐trophic predators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Improving sightings-derived residency estimation for whale shark aggregations: A novel metric applied to a global data set

Author

Araujo, Gonzalo, primary, Agustines, Ariana, additional, Bach, Steffen S., additional, Cochran, Jesse E. M., additional, Parra-Galván, Emilio de la, additional, Parra-Venegas, Rafael de la, additional, Diamant, Stella, additional, Dove, Alistair, additional, Fox, Steve, additional, Graham, Rachel T., additional, Green, Sofia M., additional, Green, Jonathan R., additional, Hardenstine, Royale S., additional, Hearn, Alex, additional, Himawan, Mahardika R., additional, Hobbs, Rhys, additional, Holmberg, Jason, additional, Shameel, Ibrahim, additional, Jaidah, Mohammed Y., additional, Labaja, Jessica, additional, Leblond, Savi, additional, Legaspi, Christine G., additional, Maguiño, Rossana, additional, Magson, Kirsty, additional, Marcoux, Stacia D., additional, Marcoux, Travis M., additional, Marley, Sarah Anne, additional, Matalobos, Meynard, additional, Mendoza, Alejandra, additional, Miranda, Joni A., additional, Norman, Brad M., additional, Perry, Cameron T., additional, Pierce, Simon J., additional, Ponzo, Alessandro, additional, Prebble, Clare E. M., additional, Ramírez-Macías, Dení, additional, Rees, Richard, additional, Reeve-Arnold, Katie E., additional, Reynolds, Samantha D., additional, Robinson, David P., additional, Rohner, Christoph A., additional, Rowat, David, additional, Snow, Sally, additional, Vázquez-Haikin, Abraham, additional, and Watts, Alex M., additional

Published
2022
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9. Mismatches in scale between highly mobile marine megafauna and marine protected areas

Author

Conners, Melinda G., primary, Sisson, Nicholas B., additional, Agamboue, Pierre D., additional, Atkinson, Philip W., additional, Baylis, Alastair M. M., additional, Benson, Scott R., additional, Block, Barbara A., additional, Bograd, Steven J., additional, Bordino, Pablo, additional, Bowen, W. D., additional, Brickle, Paul, additional, Bruno, Ignacio M., additional, González Carman, Victoria, additional, Champagne, Cory D., additional, Crocker, Daniel E., additional, Costa, Daniel P., additional, Dawson, Tiffany M., additional, Deguchi, Tomohiro, additional, Dewar, Heidi, additional, Doherty, Philip D., additional, Eguchi, Tomo, additional, Formia, Angela, additional, Godley, Brendan J., additional, Graham, Rachel T., additional, Gredzens, Christian, additional, Hart, Kristen M., additional, Hawkes, Lucy A., additional, Henderson, Suzanne, additional, Henry, Robert William, additional, Hückstädt, Luis A., additional, Irvine, Ladd M., additional, Kienle, Sarah S., additional, Kuhn, Carey E., additional, Lidgard, Damian, additional, Loredo, Stephanie A., additional, Mate, Bruce R., additional, Metcalfe, Kristian, additional, Nzegoue, Jacob, additional, Kouerey Oliwina, Carmen K., additional, Orben, Rachael A., additional, Ozaki, Kiyoaki, additional, Parnell, Richard, additional, Pike, Elizabeth P., additional, Robinson, Patrick W., additional, Rosenbaum, Howard C., additional, Sato, Fumio, additional, Shaffer, Scott A., additional, Shaver, Donna J., additional, Simmons, Samantha E., additional, Smith, Brian J., additional, Sounguet, Guy-Philippe, additional, Suryan, Robert M., additional, Thompson, David R., additional, Tierney, Megan, additional, Tilley, Dominic, additional, Young, Hillary S., additional, Warwick-Evans, Victoria, additional, Weise, Michael J., additional, Wells, Randall S., additional, Wilkinson, Bradley P., additional, Witt, Matthew J., additional, and Maxwell, Sara M., additional

Published
2022
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10. Mismatches in scale between highly mobile marine megafauna and marine protected areas

Author

Conners, Melinda G., Sisson, Nicholas B., Agamboue, Pierre D., Atkinson, Philip W., Baylis, Alastair M. M., Benson, Scott R., Block, Barbara A., Bograd, Steven J., Bordino, Pablo, Bowen, W. D., Brickle, Paul, Bruno, Ignacio M., González Carman, Victoria, Champagne, Cory D., Crocker, Daniel E., Costa, Daniel P., Dawson, Tiffany M., Deguchi, Tomohiro, Dewar, Heidi, Doherty, Philip D., Eguchi, Tomo, Formia, Angela, Godley, Brendan J., Graham, Rachel T., Gredzens, Christian, Hart, Kristen M., Hawkes, Lucy A., Henderson, Suzanne, Henry, Robert William, Hückstädt, Luis A., Irvine, Ladd M., Kienle, Sarah S., Kuhn, Carey E., Lidgard, Damian, Loredo, Stephanie A., Mate, Bruce R., Metcalfe, Kristian, Nzegoue, Jacob, Kouerey Oliwina, Carmen K., Orben, Rachael A., Ozaki, Kiyoaki, Parnell, Richard, Pike, Elizabeth P., Robinson, Patrick W., Rosenbaum, Howard C., Sato, Fumio, Shaffer, Scott A., Shaver, Donna J., Simmons, Samantha E., Smith, Brian J., Sounguet, Guy-Philippe, Suryan, Robert M., Thompson, David R., Tierney, Megan, Tilley, Dominic, Young, Hillary S., Warwick-Evans, Victoria, Weise, Michael J., Wells, Randall S., Wilkinson, Bradley P., Witt, Matthew J., Maxwell, Sara M., Conners, Melinda G., Sisson, Nicholas B., Agamboue, Pierre D., Atkinson, Philip W., Baylis, Alastair M. M., Benson, Scott R., Block, Barbara A., Bograd, Steven J., Bordino, Pablo, Bowen, W. D., Brickle, Paul, Bruno, Ignacio M., González Carman, Victoria, Champagne, Cory D., Crocker, Daniel E., Costa, Daniel P., Dawson, Tiffany M., Deguchi, Tomohiro, Dewar, Heidi, Doherty, Philip D., Eguchi, Tomo, Formia, Angela, Godley, Brendan J., Graham, Rachel T., Gredzens, Christian, Hart, Kristen M., Hawkes, Lucy A., Henderson, Suzanne, Henry, Robert William, Hückstädt, Luis A., Irvine, Ladd M., Kienle, Sarah S., Kuhn, Carey E., Lidgard, Damian, Loredo, Stephanie A., Mate, Bruce R., Metcalfe, Kristian, Nzegoue, Jacob, Kouerey Oliwina, Carmen K., Orben, Rachael A., Ozaki, Kiyoaki, Parnell, Richard, Pike, Elizabeth P., Robinson, Patrick W., Rosenbaum, Howard C., Sato, Fumio, Shaffer, Scott A., Shaver, Donna J., Simmons, Samantha E., Smith, Brian J., Sounguet, Guy-Philippe, Suryan, Robert M., Thompson, David R., Tierney, Megan, Tilley, Dominic, Young, Hillary S., Warwick-Evans, Victoria, Weise, Michael J., Wells, Randall S., Wilkinson, Bradley P., Witt, Matthew J., and Maxwell, Sara M.

Abstract

Marine protected areas (MPAs), particularly large MPAs, are increasing in number and size around the globe in part to facilitate the conservation of marine megafauna under the assumption that large-scale MPAs better align with vagile life histories; however, this alignment is not well established. Using a global tracking dataset from 36 species across five taxa, chosen to reflect the span of home range size in highly mobile marine megafauna, we show most MPAs are too small to encompass complete home ranges of most species. Based on size alone, 40% of existing MPAs could encompass the home ranges of the smallest ranged species, while only < 1% of existing MPAs could encompass those of the largest ranged species. Further, where home ranges and MPAs overlapped in real geographic space, MPAs encompassed < 5% of core areas used by all species. Despite most home ranges of mobile marine megafauna being much larger than existing MPAs, we demonstrate how benefits from MPAs are still likely to accrue by targeting seasonal aggregations and critical life history stages and through other management techniques.

Published
2022

11. Emergent research and priorities for shark and ray conservation

Author

Jorgensen, Salvador J., Micheli, Fiorenza, White, Timothy D., Van Houtan, Kyle S., Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna, Andrzejaczek, Samantha, Arnoldi, Natalie S., Baum, Julia K., Block, Barbara, Britten, Gregory L., Butner, Cheryl, Caballero, Susana, Cardeñosa, Diego, Chapple, Taylor K., Clarke, Shelley, Cortés, Enric, Dulvy, Nicholas K., Fowler, Sarah, Gallagher, Austin J., Gilman, Eric, Godley, Brendan J., Graham, Rachel T., Hammerschlag, Neil, Harry, Alastair V., Heithaus, Michael R., Hutchinson, Melanie, Huveneers, Charlie, Lowe, Chris G., Lucifora, Luis O., MacKeracher, Tracy, Mangel, Jeffrey C., Barbosa Martins, Ana Paula, McCauley, Douglas J., McClenachan, Loren, Mull, Christopher, Natanson, Lisa J., Pauly, Daniel, Pazmiño, Diana A., Pistevos, Jennifer C.A., Queiroz, Nuno, Roff, George, Shea, Brendan D., Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Sims, David W., Ward-Paige, Christine, Worm, Boris, Ferretti, Francesco, Jorgensen, Salvador J., Micheli, Fiorenza, White, Timothy D., Van Houtan, Kyle S., Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna, Andrzejaczek, Samantha, Arnoldi, Natalie S., Baum, Julia K., Block, Barbara, Britten, Gregory L., Butner, Cheryl, Caballero, Susana, Cardeñosa, Diego, Chapple, Taylor K., Clarke, Shelley, Cortés, Enric, Dulvy, Nicholas K., Fowler, Sarah, Gallagher, Austin J., Gilman, Eric, Godley, Brendan J., Graham, Rachel T., Hammerschlag, Neil, Harry, Alastair V., Heithaus, Michael R., Hutchinson, Melanie, Huveneers, Charlie, Lowe, Chris G., Lucifora, Luis O., MacKeracher, Tracy, Mangel, Jeffrey C., Barbosa Martins, Ana Paula, McCauley, Douglas J., McClenachan, Loren, Mull, Christopher, Natanson, Lisa J., Pauly, Daniel, Pazmiño, Diana A., Pistevos, Jennifer C.A., Queiroz, Nuno, Roff, George, Shea, Brendan D., Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Sims, David W., Ward-Paige, Christine, Worm, Boris, and Ferretti, Francesco

Abstract

Over the past 4 decades there has been a growing concern for the conservation status of elasmobranchs (sharks and rays). In 2002, the first elasmobranch species were added to Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Less than 20 yr later, there were 39 species on Appendix II and 5 on Appendix I. Despite growing concern, effective conservation and management remain challenged by a lack of data on population status for many species, human−wildlife interactions, threats to population viability, and the efficacy of conservation approaches. We surveyed 100 of the most frequently published and cited experts on elasmobranchs and, based on ranked responses, prioritized 20 research questions on elasmobranch conservation. To address these questions, we then convened a group of 47 experts from 35 institutions and 12 countries. The 20 questions were organized into the following broad categories: (1) status and threats, (2) population and ecology, and (3) conservation and management. For each section, we sought to synthesize existing knowledge, describe consensus or diverging views, identify gaps, and suggest promising future directions and research priorities. The resulting synthesis aggregates an array of perspectives on emergent research and priority directions for elasmobranch conservation.

Published
2022
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12. Population structure, residency, and abundance of whale sharks in the coastal waters off Nosy Be, north‐western Madagascar

Author

Diamant, Stella, primary, Pierce, Simon J., additional, Rohner, Christoph A., additional, Graham, Rachel T., additional, Guillemain d'Echon, Arthur, additional, Guillemain d'Echon, Tanguy, additional, Sourisseau, Elina, additional, Fidiarisandratra, Léonce Costika, additional, Bakary, Gisèle, additional, Trélanche, Sylvia, additional, Andriananrisoa, Fanja, additional, and Kiszka, Jeremy J., additional

Published
2021
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22. Courtship and spawning behaviors of carangid species in Belize

Author

Graham, Rachel T. and Castellanos, Daniel W.

Subjects
Courtship of animals -- Research -- Genetic aspects, Spawning -- Research -- Genetic aspects, Zoology and wildlife conservation, Genetic aspects, Research
Abstract

Many species of reef fish aggregate seasonally in large numbers to spawn at predictable times and sites (Johannes, 1978; Sadovy, 1996; Domeier and Colin, 1997). Although spawning behavior has been [...]

Published
2005

29. Long-term assessment of whale shark population demography and connectivity using photo-identification in the Western Atlantic Ocean

Author

McKinney, Jennifer A., primary, Hoffmayer, Eric R., additional, Holmberg, Jason, additional, Graham, Rachel T., additional, Driggers, William B., additional, de la Parra-Venegas, Rafael, additional, Galván-Pastoriza, Beatriz E., additional, Fox, Steve, additional, Pierce, Simon J., additional, and Dove, Alistair D. M., additional

Published
2017
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32. Resurrection of the sixgill shark Hexanchus vitulus Springer & Waller, 1969 (Hexanchiformes, Hexanchidae), with comments on its distribution in the northwest Atlantic Ocean.

Author

Daly-Engel, Toby S., Baremore, Ivy E., Grubbs, R. Dean, Gulak, Simon J. B., Graham, Rachel T., and Enzenauer, Michael P.

Abstract

The sixgill sharks of the genus Hexanchus (Hexanchiformes, Hexanchidae) are large, rarely encountered deep-sea sharks, thought to comprise just two species: the bluntnose sixgill Hexanchus griseus (Bonaterre, 1788) and the bigeye sixgill Hexanchus nakamurai (Teng, 1962). Their distribution is putatively worldwide in tropical and temperate waters, but many verified records for these species are lacking, and misidentification is common. Taxonomic uncertainty has long surrounded H. nakamurai in particular, with debate as to whether individuals from the Atlantic constitute a separate species. Using 1,310 base pairs of two mitochondrial genes, COI and ND2, we confirm that bigeye sixgill sharks from the Atlantic Ocean (Belize, Gulf of Mexico, and Bahamas) diverge from those in the Pacific and Indian Oceans (Japan, La Reunion, and Madagascar) with 7.037% sequence divergence. This difference is similar to the genetic distance between both Atlantic and Indo-Pacific bigeye sixgill sharks and the bluntnose sixgill shark (7.965% and 8.200%, respectively), and between the entire genus Hexanchus and its sister genus Heptranchias (8.308%). Such variation far exceeds previous measures of species-level genetic divergence in elasmobranchs, even among slowly-evolving deep-water taxa. Given the high degree of morphological similarity within Hexanchus, and the fact that cryptic diversity is common even among frequently observed shark species, we conclude that these results support the resurrection of the name Hexanchus vitulus Springer and Waller, 1969 for bigeye sixgill sharks in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. We propose the common name "Atlantic sixgill shark" for H. vitulus, and provide new locality records from Belize, as well as comments on its overall distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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40. Diving behaviour of whale sharks in relation to a predictable food pulse

Author

Graham, Rachel T, Roberts, Callum M, and Smart, James C.R

Abstract

We present diving data for four whale sharks in relation to a predictable food pulse (reef fish spawn) and an analysis of the longest continuous fine-resolution diving record for a planktivorous shark. Fine-resolution pressure data from a recovered pop-up archival satellite tag deployed for 206 days on a whale shark were analysed using the fast Fourier Transform method for frequency domain analysis of time-series. The results demonstrated that a free-ranging whale shark displays ultradian, diel and circa-lunar rhythmicity of diving behaviour. Whale sharks dive to over 979.5m and can tolerate a temperature range of 26.4°C. The whale sharks made primarily diurnal deep dives and remained in relatively shallow waters at night. Whale shark diving patterns are influenced by a seasonally predictable food source, with shallower dives made during fish spawning periods.

Published
2006
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