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1,561 results on '"Graf, A. M."'

1. Polaron formation within quantum acoustics

Author

Aydin, Alhun, Keski-Rahkonen, Joonas, Graf, Anton M., Yuan, Shaobing, Ouyang, Xiao-Yu, Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E., and Heller, Eric J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The quantum acoustic framework has recently emerged as a non-perturbative, coherent approach to electron-lattice interactions, uncovering rich physics often obscured by perturbative methods with incoherent scattering events. Here, we model the coupled dynamics of electrons and acoustic lattice vibrations within this framework, representing lattice vibrations as coherent states and electrons as quantum wavepackets. We derive and numerically implement electron backaction on the lattice, providing both visual and quantitative insights into electron wavepacket evolution, self-trapping, and the formation of small acoustic polarons. We investigate polaron binding energies across varying material parameters and compute key observables-including mean square displacement, kinetic energy, potential energy, and vibrational energy-over time. Our findings reveal the conditions that favor polaron formation, which is enhanced by low temperatures, high deformation potential constants, slow sound velocities, high effective masses, and small Fermi surfaces. Additionally, we explore the impact of external electric and magnetic fields, showing that while polaron formation remains robust under moderate fields, it is weakly suppressed at higher field strengths. These results deepen our understanding of polaron dynamics and pave the way for future studies into non-trivial transport behavior in quantum materials., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

2. Planckian Diffusion: The Ghost of Anderson Localization

Author

Zhang, Yubo, Graf, Anton M., Aydin, Alhun, Keski-Rahkonen, Joonas, and Heller, Eric J.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Abstract

We find that Anderson localization ceases to exist when a random medium begins to move, but another type of fundamental quantum effect, Planckian diffusion $D = \alpha\hbar/m$, rises to replace it, with $\alpha $ of order of unity. Planckian diffusion supercedes the Planckian speed limit $\tau= \alpha \hbar/k_B T,$ as it not only implies this relation in thermal systems but also applies more generally without requiring thermal equilibrium. Here we model a dynamic disordered system with thousands of itinerant impurities, having random initial positions and velocities. By incrementally increasing their speed from zero, we observe a transition from Anderson localization to Planckian diffusion, with $\alpha$ falling within the range of $0.5$ to $2$. Furthermore, we relate the breakdown of Anderson localization to three additional, distinctly different confirming cases that also exhibit Planckian diffusion $D\sim \hbar/m$, including one experiment on solid hydrogen. Our finding suggests that Planckian diffusion in dynamic disordered systems is as universal as Anderson localization in static disordered systems, which may shed light on quantum transport studies.

Published
2024

3. Variational Scarring in Graphene Quantum Dots

Author

Keski-Rahkonen, J., Zou, C., Graf, A. M., Yao, Q., Zhu, T., Velasco, Jr., J., and Heller, E. J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

A quantum eigenstate of a classically chaotic system is referred as scarred by an unstable periodic orbit if its probability density is concentrated in the vicinity of that orbit. Recently, a new class of scarring - variational scarring - was discovered in numerical studies of disordered quantum dots, arising from near-degeneracies in the quantum spectrum associated with classical resonances of the unperturbed system. Despite the increasing body of theoretical evidence on variational scarring, its experimental observation has remained out of reach. Motivated by this dearth, we argue and demonstrate that variational scarring can occur in an elliptical quantum dot fabricated on monolayer graphene, and locally perturbed by a nanotip. Then, we further show that the fingerprint of these variational scars can potentially be detected via scanning tunneling microscopy, thus offering an attractive experimental pathway for the first validation of this puzzling quantum-chaotic phenomenon.

Published
2024

4. Direct Visualization of Relativistic Quantum Scars

Author

Ge, Zhehao, Graf, Anton M., Keski-Rahkonen, Joonas, Slizovskiy, Sergey, Polizogopoulos, Peter, Taniguchi, Takashi, Watanabe, Kenji, Van Haren, Ryan, Lederman, David, Fal'ko, Vladimir I., Heller, Eric J., and Velasco Jr, Jairo

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Quantum scars refer to eigenstates with enhanced probability density along unstable classical periodic orbits (POs). First predicted 40 years ago, scars are special eigenstates that counterintuitively defy ergodicity in quantum systems whose classical counterpart is chaotic. Despite the importance and long history of scars, their direct visualization in quantum systems remains an open field. Here we demonstrate that, by using an in-situ graphene quantum dot (GQD) creation and wavefunction mapping technique, quantum scars are imaged for Dirac electrons with nanometer spatial resolution and meV energy resolution with a scanning tunneling microscope. Specifically, we find enhanced probability densities in the form of lemniscate-shaped and streak-like patterns within our stadium-shaped GQDs. Both features show equal energy interval recurrence, consistent with predictions for relativistic quantum scars. By combining classical and quantum simulations, we demonstrate that the observed patterns correspond to two unstable POs that exist in our stadium-shaped GQD, thus proving they are both quantum scars. In addition to providing the first unequivocal visual evidence of quantum scarring, our work offers insight into the quantum-classical correspondence in relativistic chaotic quantum systems and paves the way to experimental investigation of other recently proposed scarring species such as perturbation-induced scars, chiral scars, and antiscarring.

Published
2024

5. Rise and Fall of Anderson Localization by Lattice Vibrations: A Time-Dependent Machine Learning Approach

Author

Zimmermann, Yoel, Keski-Rahkonen, Joonas, Graf, Anton M., and Heller, Eric J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

The intricate relationship between electrons and the crystal lattice is a linchpin in condensed matter, traditionally described by the Fr\"ohlich model encompassing the lowest-order lattice-electron coupling. Recently developed quantum acoustics, emphasizing the wave nature of lattice vibrations, has enabled the exploration of previously uncharted territories of electron-lattice interaction not accessible with conventional tools such as perturbation theory. In this context, our agenda here is two-fold. First, we showcase the application of machine learning methods to categorize various interaction regimes within the subtle interplay of electrons and the dynamical lattice landscape. Second, we shed light on a nebulous region of electron dynamics identified by the machine learning approach and then attribute it to transient localization, where strong lattice vibrations result in a momentary Anderson prison for electronic wavepackets, which are later released by the evolution of the lattice. Overall, our research illuminates the spectrum of dynamics within the Fr\"ohlich model, such as transient localization, which has been suggested as a pivotal factor contributing to the mysteries surrounding strange metals. Furthermore, this paves the way for utilizing time-dependent perspectives in machine learning techniques for designing materials with tailored electron-lattice properties., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures

Published
2024
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6. Antiscarring in Chaotic Quantum Wells

Author

Keski-Rahkonen, J., Graf, A. M., and Heller, E. J.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Chaos plays a crucial role in numerous natural phenomena, but its quantum nature has remained large elusive. One intriguing quantum-chaotic phenomenon is the scarring of a single-particle wavefunction, where the quantum probability density is enhanced in the vicinity of a classical periodic orbit. These quantum scars illustrate the quantum suppression of classical chaos, offering a unique way to explore the classical-quantum relationship beyond conventional limits. In this study, we establish an ergodicity theorem for slacking a group of adjacent eigenstates, revealing the aspect of antiscarring -- the reduction of probability density along a periodic orbit generating the corresponding scars. We thereafter apply these two concepts to variational scars in a disordered quantum well, and finally discuss their broader implications, suggesting potential experimental approaches to observe this phenomenon.

Published
2024

7. Quantum-Acoustical Drude Peak Shift

Author

Keski-Rahkonen, J., Ouyang, X. -Y., Yuan, S., Graf, A. M., Aydin, A., and Heller, E. J.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Quantum acoustics -- a recently developed framework parallel to quantum optics -- establishesa nonperturbative and coherent treatment of the electron-phonon interaction in real space. The quantum-acoustical representation reveals a displaced Drude peak hid ing in plain sight within the venerable Fr\"ohlich model: the optical conductivity exhibits a finite frequency maximum in the far-infrared range and the d.c. conductivity is suppressed. Our results elucidate the origin of the high-temperature absorption peaks in strange or bad metals, revealing that dynamical lattice disorder steers the system towards a non-Drude behavior

Published
2023
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9. Search for lepton-flavor-violating $\tau^- \to \ell^-\phi$ decays in 2019-2021 Belle II data

Author

Belle II Collaboration, Abudinén, F., Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Ahlburg, P., Ahmed, H., Ahn, J. K., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Andricek, L., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aulchenko, V., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Babu, V., Bacher, S., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bakich, A. M., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Batignani, G., Baudot, J., Bauer, M., Baur, A., Beaulieu, A., Becker, J., Behera, P. K., Bennett, J. V., Bernieri, E., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhardwaj, V., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bilka, T., Bilokin, S., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Bonvicini, G., Borah, J., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Brown, D. N., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Červenkov, D., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Chekelian, V., Chen, C., Chen, Y. Q., Chen, Y. -T., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cremaldi, L. M., Cunliffe, S., Czank, T., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., de Marino, G., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Deschamps, B., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., De Yta-Hernandez, A., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Duell, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fischer, P., Flood, K., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Friedl, M., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Gabyshev, N., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Garmash, A., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gebauer, U., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Goldenzweig, P., Golob, B., Gong, G., Grace, P., Gradl, W., Graf-Schreiber, M., Grammatico, T., Granderath, S., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Hadjivasiliou, C., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, K., Hara, T., Hartbrich, O., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Hershenhorn, A., Higuchi, T., Hill, E. C., Hirata, H., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Hotta, T., Hsu, C. -L., Huang, K., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ipsita, N., Jabbar, J. Irakkathil, Ishikawa, A., Ito, S., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Iwasaki, Y., Iwata, S., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Jeon, H. B., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kadenko, I., Kakuno, H., Kaleta, M., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Kapusta, P., Karl, R., Karyan, G., Kato, Y., Kawasaki, T., Ketter, C., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kim, Y. J., Kimmel, T. D., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kleinwort, C., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Konno, T., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krohn, J. F., Krokovny, P., Kuehn, W., Kuhr, T., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kumita, T., Kunigo, T., Kurz, S., Kuzmin, A., Kvasnička, P., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., La Licata, C., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lautenbach, K., Laycock, P. J., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, S. C., Leitl, P., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, S. X., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Lieret, K., Lin, J., Liptak, Z., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. A., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lozar, A., Lueck, T., Luo, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Manthei, A. C., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., McNeil, J., Meggendorfer, F., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Milesi, M., Miller, C., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Miyata, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moon, H., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Muller, Th., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakano, E., Nakao, M., Nakayama, H., Nakazawa, H., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Niebuhr, C., Niiyama, M., Ninkovic, J., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Nishimura, K., Nouxman, M. H. A., Ogawa, K., Ogawa, S., Olsen, S. L., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Oxford, E. R., Ozaki, H., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Paladino, A., Pang, T., Panta, A., Paoloni, E., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Pathak, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Pham, F., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Polat, L., Popov, V., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purohit, M. V., Purwar, H., Rad, N., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Morales, A. Ramirez, Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Ritter, M., Ritzert, M., Rizzo, G., Rizzuto, L. B., Robertson, S. H., Rocchetti, P., Pérez, D. Rodríguez, Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rosenfeld, C., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Rozanska, M., Russo, G., Sahoo, D., Sakai, Y., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Sangal, A., Santelj, L., Sartori, P., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schmitz, J., Schnepf, M., Schreeck, H., Schueler, J., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Schwenker, B., Schwickardi, M., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shebalin, V., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shibuya, H., Shillington, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Smith, K., Sobie, R. J., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Soloviev, Y., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stottler, Z. S., Stroili, R., Strube, J., Stypula, J., Sue, Y., Sugiura, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Suzuki, S. Y., Svidras, H., Tabata, M., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tanigawa, H., Taniguchi, N., Tao, Y., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Toutounji, N., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Tsuboyama, T., Tsuzuki, N., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uehara, S., Uematsu, Y., Ueno, T., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Usov, Y. V., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varner, G. S., Varvell, K. E., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Vorobyev, V., Vossen, A., Wach, B., Waheed, E., Wakai, M., Wakeling, H. M., Wallner, S., Abdullah, W. Wan, Wang, B., Wang, C. H., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Webb, J., Wehle, S., Welsch, M., Werbycka, O., Wessel, C., Wiechczynski, J., Wieduwilt, P., Windel, H., Won, E., Wu, L. J., Xie, Y., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y. M., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zhang, J. Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., Zhukova, V. I., Zhulanov, V., and Žlebčík, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report a search for lepton-flavor-violating decays $\tau^- \to \ell^- \phi$ ($\ell^- =e^-,\mu^-$) at the Belle II experiment, using a sample of electron-positron data produced at the SuperKEKB collider in 2019-2021 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 190 fb$^{-1}$. We use a new untagged selection for $e^+e^- \to \tau^+\tau^-$ events, where the signal $\tau$ is searched for as a neutrinoless final state of a single charged lepton and a $\phi$ meson and the other $\tau$ is not reconstructed in any specific decay mode, in contrast to previous measurements by the BaBar and Belle experiments. We find no evidence for $\tau^- \to \ell^- \phi$ decays and obtain upper limits on the branching fractions at 90% confidence level of 23 $\times 10^{-8}$ and 9.7$\times 10^{-8}$ for $\tau^- \rightarrow e^-\phi$ and $\tau^- \rightarrow \mu^-\phi$, respectively

Published
2023

10. Observation of ${B\to D^{(*)} K^- K^{0}_S}$ decays using the 2019-2022 Belle II data sample

Author

Belle II Collaboration, Abudinén, F., Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Ahlburg, P., Ahmed, H., Ahn, J. K., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Andricek, L., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aulchenko, V., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Babu, V., Bacher, S., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bakich, A. M., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Batignani, G., Baudot, J., Bauer, M., Baur, A., Beaulieu, A., Becker, J., Behera, P. K., Bennett, J. V., Bernieri, E., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhardwaj, V., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bilka, T., Bilokin, S., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Bonvicini, G., Borah, J., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Brown, D. N., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Červenkov, D., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Chekelian, V., Chen, C., Chen, Y. Q., Chen, Y. -T., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cremaldi, L. M., Cunliffe, S., Czank, T., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., de Marino, G., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Deschamps, B., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., De Yta-Hernandez, A., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Duell, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fischer, P., Flood, K., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Friedl, M., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Gabyshev, N., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Garmash, A., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gebauer, U., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Goldenzweig, P., Golob, B., Gong, G., Grace, P., Gradl, W., Graf-Schreiber, M., Grammatico, T., Granderath, S., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Hadjivasiliou, C., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, K., Hara, T., Hartbrich, O., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Hershenhorn, A., Higuchi, T., Hill, E. C., Hirata, H., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Hotta, T., Hsu, C. -L., Huang, K., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ipsita, N., Jabbar, J. Irakkathil, Ishikawa, A., Ito, S., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Iwasaki, Y., Iwata, S., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Jeon, H. B., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kadenko, I., Kakuno, H., Kaleta, M., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Kapusta, P., Karl, R., Karyan, G., Kato, Y., Kawasaki, T., Ketter, C., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kim, Y. J., Kimmel, T. D., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kleinwort, C., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Konno, T., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krohn, J. F., Krokovny, P., Kuehn, W., Kuhr, T., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kumita, T., Kunigo, T., Kurz, S., Kuzmin, A., Kvasnička, P., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., La Licata, C., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lautenbach, K., Laycock, P. J., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, S. C., Leitl, P., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, S. X., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Lieret, K., Lin, J., Liptak, Z., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. A., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lozar, A., Lueck, T., Luo, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Manthei, A. C., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., McNeil, J., Meggendorfer, F., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Milesi, M., Miller, C., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Miyata, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moon, H., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Muller, Th., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakano, E., Nakao, M., Nakayama, H., Nakazawa, H., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Niebuhr, C., Niiyama, M., Ninkovic, J., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Nishimura, K., Nouxman, M. H. A., Ogawa, K., Ogawa, S., Olsen, S. L., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Oxford, E. R., Ozaki, H., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Paladino, A., Pang, T., Panta, A., Paoloni, E., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Pathak, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Pham, F., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Polat, L., Popov, V., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purohit, M. V., Purwar, H., Rad, N., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Morales, A. Ramirez, Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Ritter, M., Ritzert, M., Rizzo, G., Rizzuto, L. B., Robertson, S. H., Rocchetti, P., Pérez, D. Rodríguez, Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rosenfeld, C., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Rozanska, M., Russo, G., Sahoo, D., Sakai, Y., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Sangal, A., Santelj, L., Sartori, P., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schmitz, J., Schnepf, M., Schreeck, H., Schueler, J., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Schwenker, B., Schwickardi, M., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shebalin, V., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shibuya, H., Shillington, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Smith, K., Sobie, R. J., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Soloviev, Y., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stottler, Z. S., Stroili, R., Strube, J., Stypula, J., Sue, Y., Sugiura, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Suzuki, S. Y., Svidras, H., Tabata, M., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tanigawa, H., Taniguchi, N., Tao, Y., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Toutounji, N., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Tsuboyama, T., Tsuzuki, N., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uehara, S., Uematsu, Y., Ueno, T., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Usov, Y. V., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varner, G. S., Varvell, K. E., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Vorobyev, V., Vossen, A., Wach, B., Waheed, E., Wakai, M., Wakeling, H. M., Wallner, S., Abdullah, W. Wan, Wang, B., Wang, C. H., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Webb, J., Wehle, S., Welsch, M., Werbycka, O., Wessel, C., Wiechczynski, J., Wieduwilt, P., Windel, H., Won, E., Wu, L. J., Xie, Y., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y. M., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zhang, J. Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., Zhukova, V. I., Zhulanov, V., and Žlebčík, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present a measurement of the branching fractions of four $B^{0,-}\to D^{(*)+,0} K^- K^{0}_S$ decay modes. The measurement is based on data from SuperKEKB electron-positron collisions at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance collected with the Belle II detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of ${362~\text{fb}^{-1}}$. The event yields are extracted from fits to the distributions of the difference between expected and observed $B$ meson energy to separate signal and background, and are efficiency-corrected as a function of the invariant mass of the $K^-K_S^0$ system. We find the branching fractions to be: \[ \text{B}(B^-\to D^0K^-K_S^0)=(1.89\pm 0.16\pm 0.10)\times 10^{-4}, \] \[ \text{B}(\overline B{}^0\to D^+K^-K_S^0)=(0.85\pm 0.11\pm 0.05)\times 10^{-4},\] \[ \text{B}(B^-\to D^{*0}K^-K_S^0)=(1.57\pm 0.27\pm 0.12)\times 10^{-4}, \] \[ \text{B}(\overline B{}^0\to D^{*+}K^-K_S^0)=(0.96\pm 0.18\pm 0.06)\times 10^{-4},\] where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These results include the first observation of $\overline B{}^0\to D^+K^-K_S^0$, $B^-\to D^{*0}K^-K_S^0$, and $\overline B{}^0\to D^{*+}K^-K_S^0$ decays and a significant improvement in the precision of $\text{B}(B^-\to D^0K^-K_S^0)$ compared to previous measurements.

Published
2023

12. Adipositas und Schwangerschaft

Author

Schäfer-Graf, Ute M., Schmidt, Markus, Groten, Tanja, Greve, Susanne, Brodowski, Lars, von Kaisenberg, Constantin, editor, Klaritsch, Philipp, editor, and Hösli-Krais, Irene, editor

Published
2024
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15. The new and complete Belle II DEPFET pixel detector: Commissioning and previous operational experience

Author

Ahlburg, P., Andricek, L., Babu, V., Baur, A., Becherer, F., Bernlochner, F., Bilk, J., Bilka, T., Bolz, A., Cao, L., Dhayal, R., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Farkas, R., Frey, A., Gadow, K., Giakoustidis, G., Graf-Schreiber, M., Gruberova, Z., Han, Y., Hoek, M., Kehl, J., Khan, M., Kiesling, C., Kodyš, P., Koffmane, C., Krein, M., Kühn, W., Krüger, H., Kvasnička, P., Lange, J.S., Leitl, P., Liu, Q., Lück, T., Mariñas, C., Meleshko, D., Moser, H.G., Niebuhr, C., Ninkovic, J., Paschen, B., Pitzl, D., Reif, M., Reiter, S.P., Richter, R., Schmitz, J., Schwenker, B., Schwickardi, M., Sfienti, C., Skorupa, J., Spruck, B., Stefkova, S., Stever, R., Takahashi, M., Wang, B., Wermes, N., and Žlebčík, R.

Published
2024
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18. SNEWPY: A Data Pipeline from Supernova Simulations to Neutrino Signals

Author

Baxter, Amanda L., BenZvi, Segev, Jaimes, Joahan Castaneda, Coleiro, Alexis, Molla, Marta Colomer, Dornic, Damien, Goldhagen, Tomer, Graf, Anne M., Griswold, Spencer, Habig, Alec, Hill, Remington, Lang, Shunsaku Horiuchi James P. Kneller Rafael F., Lincetto, Massimiliano, Migenda, Jost, Nakamura, Ko, O'Connor, Evan, Renshaw, Andrew, Scholberg, Kate, Uberoi, Navya, and Worlikar, Arkin

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Current neutrino detectors will observe hundreds to thousands of neutrinos from a Galactic supernovae, and future detectors will increase this yield by an order of magnitude or more. With such a data set comes the potential for a huge increase in our understanding of the explosions of massive stars, nuclear physics under extreme conditions, and the properties of the neutrino. However, there is currently a large gap between supernova simulations and the corresponding signals in neutrino detectors, which will make any comparison between theory and observation very difficult. SNEWPY is an open-source software package which bridges this gap. The SNEWPY code can interface with supernova simulation data to generate from the model either a time series of neutrino spectral fluences at Earth, or the total time-integrated spectral fluence. Data from several hundred simulations of core-collapse, thermonuclear, and pair-instability supernovae is included in the package. This output may then be used by an event generator such as sntools or an event rate calculator such as SNOwGLoBES. Additional routines in the SNEWPY package automate the processing of the generated data through the SNOwGLoBES software and collate its output into the observable channels of each detector. In this paper we describe the contents of the package, the physics behind SNEWPY, the organization of the code, and provide examples of how to make use of its capabilities., Comment: Software available at https://github.com/SNEWS2/snewpy

Published
2021

22. From Branched Flow to Superwires in Periodic Potentials

Author

Daza, Alvar, Heller, Eric J., Graf, Anton M., and Räsänen, Esa

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics
Abstract

We report unexpected classical and quantum dynamics of a wave propagating in a periodic potential in high Brilloiun zones. Branched flow appears at wavelengths shorter than the typical length scale of the ordered periodic structure and for energies above the potential barrier. The strongest branches remain stable indefinitely and may create linear dynamical channels, wherein waves are not confined directly by potential walls as electrons in ordinary wires, but rather indirectly and more subtly by dynamical stability. We term these superwires, since they are associated with a superlattice.

Published
2021

31. Direct visualization of relativistic quantum scars in graphene quantum dots.

Author

Ge, Zhehao, Graf, Anton M., Keski-Rahkonen, Joonas, Slizovskiy, Sergey, Polizogopoulos, Peter, Taniguchi, Takashi, Watanabe, Kenji, Van Haren, Ryan, Lederman, David, Fal’ko, Vladimir I., Heller, Eric J., and Velasco Jr, Jairo

Abstract

Quantum scars refer to eigenstates with enhanced probability density along unstable classical periodic orbits. First predicted 40 years ago1, scars are special eigenstates that counterintuitively defy ergodicity in quantum systems whose classical counterpart is chaotic2,3. Despite the importance and long history of scars, their direct visualization in quantum systems remains an open field4–10. Here we demonstrate that, by using an in situ graphene quantum dot (GQD) creation and a wavefunction mapping technique11,12, quantum scars are imaged for Dirac electrons with nanometre spatial resolution and millielectronvolt energy resolution with a scanning tunnelling microscope. Specifically, we find enhanced probability densities in the form of lemniscate ∞-shaped and streak-like patterns within our stadium-shaped GQDs. Both features show equal energy interval recurrence, consistent with predictions for relativistic quantum scars13,14. By combining classical and quantum simulations, we demonstrate that the observed patterns correspond to two unstable periodic orbits that exist in our stadium-shaped GQD, thus proving that they are both quantum scars. In addition to providing unequivocal visual evidence of quantum scarring, our work offers insight into the quantum–classical correspondence in relativistic chaotic quantum systems and paves the way to experimental investigation of other recently proposed scarring species such as perturbation-induced scars15–17, chiral scars18,19 and antiscarring20.Using a graphene quantum dot creation and a wavefunction mapping technique, quantum scars are directly visualized for Dirac electrons with a scanning tunnelling microscope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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32. Exploring the Limits of Artificial Intelligence for Referencing Scientific Articles.

Author

Graf, Emily M., McKinney, Jordan A., Dye, Alexander B., Lin, Lifeng, and Sanchez-Ramos, Luis

Subjects
*SERIAL publications, *CROSS-sectional method, *ARTIFICIAL intelligence, *AUTHORSHIP, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *BIBLIOGRAPHICAL citations, *MEDICAL research, *BIBLIOGRAPHY, *PUBLISHING, *ELECTRONIC publications, *MACHINE learning, *AUTHORS, *OBSTETRICS, RESEARCH evaluation
Abstract

Objective To evaluate the reliability of three artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots (ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Chatsonic) in generating accurate references from existing obstetric literature. Study Design Between mid-March and late April 2023, ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Chatsonic were prompted to provide references for specific obstetrical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 2020. RCTs were considered for inclusion if they were mentioned in a previous article that primarily evaluated RCTs published by the top medical and obstetrics and gynecology journals with the highest impact factors in 2020 as well as RCTs published in a new journal focused on publishing obstetric RCTs. The selection of the three AI models was based on their popularity, performance in natural language processing, and public availability. Data collection involved prompting the AI chatbots to provide references according to a standardized protocol. The primary evaluation metric was the accuracy of each AI model in correctly citing references, including authors, publication title, journal name, and digital object identifier (DOI). Statistical analysis was performed using a permutation test to compare the performance of the AI models. Results Among the 44 RCTs analyzed, Google Bard demonstrated the highest accuracy, correctly citing 13.6% of the requested RCTs, whereas ChatGPT and Chatsonic exhibited lower accuracy rates of 2.4 and 0%, respectively. Google Bard often substantially outperformed Chatsonic and ChatGPT in correctly citing the studied reference components. The majority of references from all AI models studied were noted to provide DOIs for unrelated studies or DOIs that do not exist. Conclusion To ensure the reliability of scientific information being disseminated, authors must exercise caution when utilizing AI for scientific writing and literature search. However, despite their limitations, collaborative partnerships between AI systems and researchers have the potential to drive synergistic advancements, leading to improved patient care and outcomes. Key Points AI chatbots often cite scientific articles incorrectly. AI chatbots can create false references. Responsible AI use in research is vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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36. The Belle II Pixel Vertex Detector

Author

Baur, Anselm, primary, Ahlburg, P., additional, Andricek, L., additional, Ayad, R., additional, Babu, V., additional, Becherer, F., additional, Bernlochner, F., additional, Bierwirth, L., additional, Bilk, J., additional, Bilka, T., additional, Bolz, A., additional, Bozek, A., additional, Camien, C., additional, Cao, L., additional, Dhayal, R., additional, Dingfelder, J., additional, Doležal, Z., additional, Farkas, R., additional, Frey, A., additional, Gadow, K., additional, Giakoustidis, G., additional, Graf-Schreiber, M., additional, Greenwald, D., additional, Gruberova, Z., additional, Han, Y., additional, Hoek, M., additional, Huber, S., additional, Kapusta, P., additional, Karl, R., additional, Kehl, J., additional, Khan, M., additional, Kiesling, C., additional, Kisielewski, B., additional, Kodyš, P., additional, Koffmane, C., additional, Konorov, I., additional, Krein, M., additional, Kühn, W., additional, Krüger, H., additional, Kvasnicka, P., additional, Lange, J. S., additional, Leitl, P., additional, Levit, D., additional, Liu, Q., additional, Liu, Z., additional, Lück, T., additional, Mariñas, C., additional, Meleshko, D., additional, Moser, H. G., additional, Niebuhr, C., additional, Ninkovic, J., additional, Paschen, B., additional, Paul, S., additional, Peric, I., additional, Pitzl, D., additional, Rabusov, A., additional, Reiter, S. P., additional, Richter, R., additional, Ritzert, M., additional, Sanchez, J. G., additional, Schmitz, J., additional, Schwenker, B., additional, Schwickardi, M., additional, Sfienti, C., additional, Simon, F., additional, Skorupa, J., additional, Soloviev, Y., additional, Spruck, B., additional, Stefkova, S., additional, Stever, R., additional, Takahashi, M., additional, Vila, I., additional, Virto, A. L., additional, Wang, B. S., additional, Wang, C., additional, Wermes, N., additional, Zhao, J., additional, and Žlebčík, R., additional

Published
2024
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42. Crab-Like Hexapod Feet for Amphibious Walking in Sand and Waves

Author

Graf, Nicole M., Behr, Alexander M., Daltorio, Kathryn A., Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Martinez-Hernandez, Uriel, editor, Vouloutsi, Vasiliki, editor, Mura, Anna, editor, Mangan, Michael, editor, Asada, Minoru, editor, Prescott, Tony J., editor, and Verschure, Paul F.M.J., editor

Published
2019
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43. Estimating the Relevance of Historical Red Flags in the Diagnosis of Abusive Head Trauma

Author

Herman, Bruce E., Willson, Douglas F., Foster, Robin, Armijo-Garcia, Veronica, Narang, Sandeep K., Pullin, Deborah A., Graf, Jeanine M., Isaac, Reena, Frazier, Terra N., Tieves, Kelly S., Truemper, Edward, Carroll, Christopher L., Meyer, Kerri, Smith, Lindall E., Higgerson, Renee A., Edwards, George A., Harper, Nancy S., Serrao, Karl L., Albietz, Joseph, Chiesa, Antonia, McKiernan, Christine, Stoiko, Michael, Simms, Debra, Brown, Sarah J., Dias, Mark S., Ornstein, Amy, Hyden, Phil, Hymel, Kent P., Lee, Gloria, Boos, Stephen, Karst, Wouter A., Sirotnak, Andrew, Haney, Suzanne B., Laskey, Antoinette, and Wang, Ming

Published
2020
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46. Adverse perinatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: results from two nationwide registries in Germany

Author

Liedtke, Tatjana P, primary, Weber, Katharina S, additional, Adamczewski, Heinke, additional, Weber, Dietmar, additional, Ramsauer, Babett, additional, Schaefer-Graf, Ute M, additional, Groten, Tanja, additional, Strathmann, Eike A, additional, Lieb, Wolfgang, additional, Rüdiger, Mario, additional, Pecks, Ulrich, additional, and Kleinwechter, Helmut J, additional

Published
2024
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47. Effective Lifestyle Habits and Coping Strategies for Stress Tolerance among College Students

Author

Welle, Paul D. and Graf, Helen M.

Abstract

Background: Stress among college students is a major problem, impacting their overall health. Students, especially freshmen, are expected to handle difficult academic workloads at a faster pace while adapting to new social situations. In addition, findings from new stress data purport that stress responses might vary by gender and race. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine effectiveness of lifestyle habits and coping strategies on stress tolerance among college students, specific to race and gender. Methods: College students (N=459) completed a stress inventory, which was comprised of three established surveys of stressors, symptoms and coping strategies. Stress tolerance ratios (STRs) were calculated, and subjects divided into high or low stress tolerance groups. Statistical differences were determined by chi-square estimates and odds ratio calculations (95%CI). Results: Seven lifestyle/coping factors (out of 20) were significantly associated with high stress tolerance (HST) for males, 13 for females, and five were commonly shared (P less than 0.05). Whites had 13 significantly factors associated with HST while Blacks had only three (P less than 0.05). Discussion: The findings of this study support those from previous research studies wherein it was found that college students are "overwhelmed," "suffer from emotional ups and downs," "have difficulty falling asleep," and "feelings of anxieties." Translation to Health Education Practice: Differences in effectiveness of coping strategies among students strongly suggest that genders and races cope differently and that "one size fits all" health education stress intervention programs may not be effective for college students. (Contains 5 tables.)

Published
2011

48. Exemplar Rehabilitation Educators' Defining Moments and Career Reflections

Author

Graf, Noreen M., Marini, Irmo, Reed, Bruce, and Sharma, Manisha

Abstract

Objective: To discover senior and retired exemplary rehabilitation educators' defining career moments and to provide doctoral students and early career rehabilitation educators with insights from widely recognized and successful rehabilitation educators in the field. Method: Twenty-seven exemplary rehabilitation educators answered qualitative questions related to their career choices and accomplishments. Additionally, satisfaction with career and the perception of contributions to the field were quantitatively assessed using Likert-type questions. Findings: Five themes emerged from the qualitative data which described exemplary educators' defining career moments. Four additional themes emerged which revealed changes educators would make if they could start their careers over. Quantitative results indicated overall moderate to high satisfaction with career and contributions. Conclusions: The experiences, advice, and wisdom of exemplary educators can provide early guidance and insights about career decisions and life lessons for doctoral students and academics.

Published
2018
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