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311 results on '"Grady, Monica M."'

1. A primordial noble gas component discovered in the Ryugu asteroid and its implications

Author

Verchovsky, Alexander B., Abernethy, Feargus A. J., Anand, Mahesh, Franchi, Ian A., Grady, Monica M., Greenwood, Richard C., Barber, Simeon J., Suttle, Martin, Ito, Motoo, Tomioka, Naotaka, Uesugi, Masayuki, Yamaguchi, Akira, Kimura, Makoto, Imae, Naoya, Shirai, Naoki, Ohigashi, Takuji, Liu, Ming-Chang, Uesugi, Kentaro, Nakato, Aiko, Yogata, Kasumi, Yuzawa, Hayato, Karouji, Yuzuru, Nakazawa, Satoru, Okada, Tatsuaki, Saiki, Takanao, Tanaka, Satoshi, Terui, Fuyuto, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Miyazaki, Akiko, Nishimura, Masahiro, Yada, Toru, Abe, Masanao, Usui, Tomohiro, Watanabe, Sen-ichiro, and Tsuda, Yuichi

Published
2024
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4. WatSen: Design and testing of a prototype mid-IR spectrometer and microscope package for Mars exploration

Author

Wolters, Stephen D., Hagene, Jon K., Sund, Arnt T., Bohman, Axel, Guthery, William, Sund, Bjornar T., Hagermann, Axel, Tomkinson, Tim, Romstedt, Jens, Morgan, Geraint H., and Grady, Monica M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We have designed and built a compact breadboard prototype instrument called WatSen: a combined ATR mid-IR spectrometer, fixed-focus microscope, and humidity sensor. The instrument package is enclosed in a rugged cylindrical casing only 26mm in diameter. The functionality, reliability and performance of the instrument was tested in an environment chamber set up to resemble martian surface conditions. The effective wavelength range of the spectrometer is 6.2 - 10.3 micron with a resolution delta-wavelength/wavelength = 0.015. This allows detection of silicates and carbonates, including an indication of the presence of water (ice). Spectra of clusters of grains < 1mm across were acquired that are comparable with spectra of the same material obtained using a commercial system. The microscope focuses through the diamond ATR crystal. Colour images of the grains being spectroscopically analysed are obtainable with a resolution of ~ 20 micron., Comment: 27 pages, 15 Figures

Published
2013
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5. Contributors

Author

Abe, Masanao, primary, Aléon, Jérôme, additional, Aléon-Toppani, Alice, additional, Bennett, Allan, additional, Berthoud, Lucy, additional, Borg, Janet, additional, Bridges, John C., additional, Brownlee, Donald E., additional, Brunetto, Rosario, additional, Burnett, Don, additional, Brucato, John Robert, additional, Corte, Vincenzo Della, additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Dirri, Fabrizio, additional, Djouadi, Zahia, additional, Enos, Heather L., additional, Ferrière, Ludovic, additional, Folco, Luigi, additional, Foucher, Frédéric, additional, Franchi, Ian A., additional, Fujiwara, Akira, additional, Gounelle, Matthieu, additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Holt, John, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Jerde, Eric A., additional, Jurewicz, Amy, additional, Kawaguchi, Junichiro, additional, Lauretta, Dante S., additional, Leuko, Stefano, additional, Longobardo, Andrea, additional, Lunine, Jonathan I., additional, Marrocchi, Yves, additional, Meneghin, Andrea, additional, Palomba, Ernesto, additional, Polit, Anjani T., additional, Pottage, Thomas, additional, Qian, Yuqi, additional, Reisenfeld, Dan, additional, Rettberg, Petra, additional, Roper, Heather L., additional, Rotundi, Alessandra, additional, Russell, Sara S., additional, Sandford, Scott A., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Slyuta, Evgeny, additional, Tachibana, Shogo, additional, Tasker, Elizabeth J., additional, Tsuchiyama, Akira, additional, Vrublevskis, John, additional, Wang, Qian, additional, Wang, Qiong, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Wolner, Catherine W.V., additional, Xiao, Long, additional, Yoshikawa, Makoto, additional, Zipfel, Jutta, additional, and Zolensky, Michael E., additional

Published
2021
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6. A roadmap for a European extraterrestrial sample curation facility – the EURO CARES project

Author

Smith, Caroline L., primary, Russell, Sara S., additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Meneghin, Andrea, additional, Brucato, John Robert, additional, Rettberg, Petra, additional, Leuko, Stefano, additional, Longobardo, Andrea, additional, Dirri, Fabrizio, additional, Palomba, Ernesto, additional, Rotundi, Alessandra, additional, Ferrière, Ludovic, additional, Bennett, Allan, additional, Pottage, Thomas, additional, Folco, Luigi, additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Aléon, Jérôme, additional, Gounelle, Matthieu, additional, Marrocchi, Yves, additional, Franchi, Ian A., additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Zipfel, Jutta, additional, Foucher, Frédéric, additional, Berthoud, Lucy, additional, Vrublevskis, John, additional, Bridges, John C., additional, Holt, John, additional, and Grady, Monica M., additional

Published
2021
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7. Insoluble macromolecular organic matter in the Winchcombe meteorite.

Author

Sephton, Mark A., Chan, Queenie H. S., Watson, Jonathan S., Burchell, Mark J., Spathis, Vassilia, Grady, Monica M., Verchovsky, Alexander B., Abernethy, Feargus A. J., and Franchi, Ian A.

Subjects
POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons, ORGANIC compounds, METEORITES, ORGANIC chemistry, RAMAN spectroscopy
Abstract

The Winchcombe meteorite fell on February 28, 2021 in Gloucestershire, United Kingdom. As the most accurately recorded carbonaceous chondrite fall, the Winchcombe meteorite represents an opportunity to link a tangible sample of known chemical constitution to a specific region of the solar system whose chemistry can only be otherwise predicted or observed remotely. Winchcombe is a CM carbonaceous chondrite, a group known for their rich and varied abiotic organic chemistry. The rapid collection of Winchcombe provides an opportunity to study a relatively terrestrial contaminant‐limited meteoritic organic assemblage. The majority of the organic matter in CM chondrites is macromolecular in nature and we have performed nondestructive and destructive analyses of Winchcombe by Raman spectroscopy, online pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (pyrolysis–GC–MS), and stepped combustion. The Winchcombe pyrolysis products were consistent with a CM chondrite, namely aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur‐containing units including thiophenes, oxygen‐containing units such as phenols and furans, and nitrogen‐containing units such as pyridine; many substituted/alkylated forms of these units were also present. The presence of phenols in the online pyrolysis products indicated only limited influence from aqueous alteration, which can deplete the phenol precursors in the macromolecule when aqueous alteration is extensive. Raman spectroscopy and stepped combustion also generated responses consistent with a CM chondrite. The pyrolysis–GC–MS data are likely to reflect the more labile and thermally sensitive portions of the macromolecular materials while the Raman and stepped combustion data will also reflect the more refractory and nonpyrolyzable component; hence, we accessed the complete macromolecular fraction of the recently fallen Winchcombe meteorite and revealed a chemical constitution that is similar to other meteorites of the CM group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Meteoritical Society Service Award citation for Richard C. Greenwood.

Author

Schrader, Devin L., Davidson, Jemma, Alexander, Conel M. O'D, Lee, Martin R., and Grady, Monica M.

Subjects
MARS rovers, PLANETARY science, PLANETARY exploration, OXYGEN isotopes, METEORITES
Abstract

Dr. Richard C. Greenwood has been awarded the Meteoritical Society's Service Award for his extensive contributions to the field of meteoritics. His accomplishments include his work in education and public outreach, his service to the Meteoritical Society and the scientific community, his classification and curation of extraterrestrial samples, his mentorship of students, and his support of other researchers. Dr. Greenwood is well-known for his outreach efforts, including his active social media presence, informative articles, media interviews, and management of the Open University's outreach meteorite collection. He has also made significant contributions to the field through his research, data collection, and scientific publications. Dr. Greenwood's dedication to advancing the goals of the Meteoritical Society and his impact on the community make him a deserving recipient of this award. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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11. Insoluble macromolecular organic matter in the Winchcombe meteorite

Author

Sephton, Mark A., Chan, Queenie H. S., Watson, Jonathan S., Burchell, Mark J., Spathis, Vassilia, Grady, Monica M., Verchovsky, Alexander B., Abernethy, Feargus A. J., Franchi, Ian A., Sephton, Mark A., Chan, Queenie H. S., Watson, Jonathan S., Burchell, Mark J., Spathis, Vassilia, Grady, Monica M., Verchovsky, Alexander B., Abernethy, Feargus A. J., and Franchi, Ian A.

Abstract

The Winchcombe meteorite fell on February 28, 2021 in Gloucestershire, United Kingdom. As the most accurately recorded carbonaceous chondrite fall, the Winchcombe meteorite represents an opportunity to link a tangible sample of known chemical constitution to a specific region of the solar system whose chemistry can only be otherwise predicted or observed remotely. Winchcombe is a CM carbonaceous chondrite, a group known for their rich and varied abiotic organic chemistry. The rapid collection of Winchcombe provides an opportunity to study a relatively terrestrial contaminant‐limited meteoritic organic assemblage. The majority of the organic matter in CM chondrites is macromolecular in nature and we have performed nondestructive and destructive analyses of Winchcombe by Raman spectroscopy, online pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (pyrolysis–GC–MS), and stepped combustion. The Winchcombe pyrolysis products were consistent with a CM chondrite, namely aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur‐containing units including thiophenes, oxygen‐containing units such as phenols and furans, and nitrogen‐containing units such as pyridine; many substituted/alkylated forms of these units were also present. The presence of phenols in the online pyrolysis products indicated only limited influence from aqueous alteration, which can deplete the phenol precursors in the macromolecule when aqueous alteration is extensive. Raman spectroscopy and stepped combustion also generated responses consistent with a CM chondrite. The pyrolysis–GC–MS data are likely to reflect the more labile and thermally sensitive portions of the macromolecular materials while the Raman and stepped combustion data will also reflect the more refractory and nonpyrolyzable component; hence, we accessed the complete macromolecular fraction of the recently fallen Winchcombe meteorite and revealed a chemical constitution that is similar to other meteorites of the CM group.

Published
2023

12. The Winchcombe meteorite, a unique and pristine witness from the outer solar system

Author

King, Ashley J, Daly, Luke, Rowe, James, Joy, Katherine H, Greenwood, Richard C, Devillepoix, Hadrien AR, Suttle, Martin D, Chan, Queenie HS, Russell, Sara S, Bates, Helena C, Bryson, James FJ, Clay, Patricia L, Vida, Denis, Lee, Martin R, O'Brien, Áine, Hallis, Lydia J, Stephen, Natasha R, Tartèse, Romain, Sansom, Eleanor K, Towner, Martin C, Cupak, Martin, Shober, Patrick M, Bland, Phil A, Findlay, Ross, Franchi, Ian A, Verchovsky, Alexander B, Abernethy, Feargus AJ, Grady, Monica M, Floyd, Cameron J, Van Ginneken, Matthias, Bridges, John, Hicks, Leon J, Jones, Rhian H, Mitchell, Jennifer T, Genge, Matthew J, Jenkins, Laura, Martin, Pierre-Etienne, Sephton, Mark A, Watson, Jonathan S, Salge, Tobias, Shirley, Katherine A, Curtis, Rowan J, Warren, Tristram J, Bowles, Neil E, Stuart, Finlay M, Di Nicola, Luigia, Györe, Domokos, Boyce, Adrian J, Shaw, Kathryn MM, Elliott, Tim, Steele, Robert CJ, Povinec, Pavel, Laubenstein, Matthias, Sanderson, David, Cresswell, Alan, Jull, Anthony JT, Sýkora, Ivan, Sridhar, Sanjana, Harrison, Richard J, Willcocks, Francesca M, Harrison, Catherine S, Hallatt, Daniel, Wozniakiewicz, Penny J, Burchell, Mark J, Alesbrook, Luke S, Dignam, Aishling, Almeida, Natasha V, Smith, Caroline L, Clark, Brett, Humphreys-Williams, Emma R, Schofield, Paul F, Cornwell, Luke T, Spathis, Vassilia, Morgan, Geraint H, Perkins, Mark J, Kacerek, Richard, Campbell-Burns, Peter, Colas, Francois, Zanda, Brigitte, Vernazza, Pierre, Bouley, Sylvain, Jeanne, Simon, Hankey, Mike, Collins, Gareth S, Young, John S, Shaw, Clive, Horak, Jana, Jones, Dave, James, Nick, Bosley, Steve, Shuttleworth, Alan, Dickinson, Paul, McMullan, Ian, Robson, Derek, Smedley, Andrew RD, Stanley, Ben, Bassom, Richard, McIntyre, Mark, Suttle, Adam A, Fleet, Richard, Bastiaens, Luc, Ihász, Míra B, McMullan, Sarah, Boazman, Sarah J, Dickeson, Zach I, Grindrod, Peter M, Pickersgill, Annemarie E, Weir, Colin J, Suttle, Fiona M, Farrelly, Sarah, Spencer, Ieun, Naqvi, Sheeraz, Mayne, Ben, Skilton, Dan, Kirk, Dan, Mounsey, Ann, Mounsey, Sally E, Mounsey, Sarah, Godfrey, Pamela, Bond, Lachlan, Bond, Victoria, Wilcock, Cathryn, Wilcock, Hannah, Wilcock, Rob, King, Ashley J [0000-0001-6113-5417], Daly, Luke [0000-0002-7150-4092], Joy, Katherine H [0000-0003-4992-8750], Greenwood, Richard C [0000-0002-5544-8027], Devillepoix, Hadrien AR [0000-0001-9226-1870], Suttle, Martin D [0000-0001-7165-2215], Chan, Queenie HS [0000-0001-7205-8699], Russell, Sara S [0000-0001-5531-7847], Bates, Helena C [0000-0002-0469-9483], Bryson, James FJ [0000-0002-5675-8545], Vida, Denis [0000-0003-4166-8704], Lee, Martin R [0000-0002-6004-3622], O'Brien, Áine [0000-0002-2591-7902], Hallis, Lydia J [0000-0001-6455-8415], Stephen, Natasha R [0000-0003-3952-922X], Tartèse, Romain [0000-0002-3490-9875], Sansom, Eleanor K [0000-0003-2702-673X], Towner, Martin C [0000-0002-8240-4150], Cupak, Martin [0000-0003-2193-0867], Shober, Patrick M [0000-0003-4766-2098], Bland, Phil A [0000-0002-4681-7898], Findlay, Ross [0000-0001-7794-1819], Franchi, Ian A [0000-0003-4151-0480], Verchovsky, Alexander B [0000-0002-3532-5003], Abernethy, Feargus AJ [0000-0001-7210-3058], Grady, Monica M [0000-0002-4055-533X], Floyd, Cameron J [0000-0001-5986-491X], Van Ginneken, Matthias [0000-0002-2508-7021], Bridges, John [0000-0002-9579-5779], Hicks, Leon J [0000-0002-2464-0948], Jones, Rhian H [0000-0001-8238-9379], Mitchell, Jennifer T [0000-0002-5922-2463], Genge, Matthew J [0000-0002-9528-5971], Jenkins, Laura [0000-0003-0886-8667], Martin, Pierre-Etienne [0000-0003-1848-9695], Sephton, Mark A [0000-0002-2190-5402], Watson, Jonathan S [0000-0003-0354-1729], Salge, Tobias [0000-0002-4414-4917], Shirley, Katherine A [0000-0003-0669-7497], Curtis, Rowan J [0000-0002-9554-3053], Warren, Tristram J [0000-0003-3877-0046], Bowles, Neil E [0000-0001-5400-1461], Stuart, Finlay M [0000-0002-6395-7868], Di Nicola, Luigia [0000-0002-7596-474X], Györe, Domokos [0000-0003-4438-8361], Boyce, Adrian J [0000-0002-9680-0787], Shaw, Kathryn MM [0000-0002-3847-9382], Elliott, Tim [0000-0002-0984-0191], Steele, Robert CJ [0000-0003-1406-6855], Povinec, Pavel [0000-0003-0275-794X], Laubenstein, Matthias [0000-0001-5390-4343], Sanderson, David [0000-0002-9615-4412], Cresswell, Alan [0000-0002-5100-8075], Jull, Anthony JT [0000-0002-4079-4947], Sýkora, Ivan [0000-0003-3447-5621], Sridhar, Sanjana [0000-0003-1179-2093], Harrison, Richard J [0000-0003-3469-762X], Willcocks, Francesca M [0000-0002-3726-0258], Hallatt, Daniel [0000-0002-4426-9891], Wozniakiewicz, Penny J [0000-0002-1441-4883], Burchell, Mark J [0000-0002-2680-8943], Alesbrook, Luke S [0000-0001-9892-281X], Dignam, Aishling [0000-0001-5408-9061], Almeida, Natasha V [0000-0003-4871-8225], Smith, Caroline L [0000-0001-7005-6470], Humphreys-Williams, Emma R [0000-0002-1397-5785], Schofield, Paul F [0000-0003-0902-0588], Cornwell, Luke T [0000-0003-1428-2160], Spathis, Vassilia [0000-0002-5745-4383], Morgan, Geraint H [0000-0002-7580-6880], Campbell-Burns, Peter [0000-0001-8544-728X], Zanda, Brigitte [0000-0002-4210-7151], Vernazza, Pierre [0000-0002-2564-6743], Bouley, Sylvain [0000-0003-0377-5517], Collins, Gareth S [0000-0002-6087-6149], Young, John S [0000-0001-6583-7643], Horak, Jana [0000-0002-0492-2235], Jones, Dave [0000-0002-7215-0521], Bosley, Steve [0000-0002-9478-8518], Dickinson, Paul [0000-0003-0078-0919], McMullan, Ian [0000-0002-5579-8115], Robson, Derek [0000-0001-7807-9853], Smedley, Andrew RD [0000-0001-7137-6628], McIntyre, Mark [0000-0002-5769-4280], Suttle, Adam A [0000-0002-6075-976X], Fleet, Richard [0000-0002-8366-7673], McMullan, Sarah [0000-0002-7194-6317], Boazman, Sarah J [0000-0003-4694-0818], Dickeson, Zach I [0000-0001-9116-2571], Grindrod, Peter M [0000-0002-0934-5131], Pickersgill, Annemarie E [0000-0001-5452-2849], Suttle, Fiona M [0000-0003-1970-0034], Wilcock, Cathryn [0000-0001-7731-2860], Wilcock, Hannah [0000-0002-1043-2267], Wilcock, Rob [0000-0001-8977-7956], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences

Subjects
MCC, QC Physics, Multidisciplinary, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, NDAS, QB Astronomy, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, 5109 Space Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences, QC, QB
Abstract

Funding: This study was supported by urgency funding from the U.K.’s Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) as part of the project “Curation and Preliminary Examination of the Winchcombe Carbonaceous Chondrite Fall.” Additional work was funded by STFC through grants ST/N000846/1, ST/T002328/1, ST/T506096/1, and ST/W001128/1 (to L.D., M.R.L., and L.J.Ha.); ST/V000675/1 (to K.H.J. and R.H.J.); ST/P005225/1 (to R.T.); ST/S000348/1 (to M.V.G., P.J.W., and M.J.B.); ST/R00143X/1 (to J.B. and L.J.Hi.); ST/S000615/1 (to G.S.C.); ST/V000799/1 (to P.G.); and ST/V000888/1 (to T.E.). A.J.K. and H.C.B. acknowledge funding support from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) grant MR/T020261/1. P.L.C. acknowledges funding support from UKRI grant MR/S03465X/1. K.H.J. acknowledges funding support from the Royal Society, grant URF\R\201009. L.J.Ha. and M.R.L. acknowledge funding from Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) National Environmental Isotope Facility (NEIF) grant no. 2406.0321. L.D., M.R.L., and L.J.Ha. acknowledge COVID-19 funding support from the University of Glasgow, UK. D.V. was supported in part by NASA cooperative agreement 80NSSC21M0073. P.P. and I.Sy. acknowledge funding from the VEGA agency, project no.1/0421/20. A.J.T.J. acknowledges support from the European Union and the State of Hungary, cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund in the project of GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00009 “ICER.” P.M.S. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 945298. FRIPON was initiated by funding from ANR (grant N.13-BS05-0009-03), carried out by the Paris Observatory, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris-Saclay University, and Institut Pythéas (LAM-CEREGE). FRIPON data are hosted and processed at Institut Pythéas SIP (Service Informatique Pythéas). The Desert Fireball Network team and Global Fireball Observatory are funded by the Australian Research Council (DP200102073). Direct links between carbonaceous chondrites and their parent bodies in the solar system are rare. The Winchcombe meteorite is the most accurately recorded carbonaceous chondrite fall. Its pre-atmospheric orbit and cosmic-ray exposure age confirm that it arrived on Earth shortly after ejection from a primitive asteroid. Recovered only hours after falling, the composition of the Winchcombe meteorite is largely unmodified by the terrestrial environment. It contains abundant hydrated silicates formed during fluid-rock reactions, and carbon- and nitrogen-bearing organic matter including soluble protein amino acids. The near-pristine hydrogen isotopic composition of the Winchcombe meteorite is comparable to the terrestrial hydrosphere, providing further evidence that volatile-rich carbonaceous asteroids played an important role in the origin of Earth's water. Publisher PDF

Published
2022
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16. Final report of the MSR Science Planning Group 2 (MSPG2)

Author

Meyer, Michael A, Kminek, Gerhard, Beaty, David W, Carrier, Brandi Lee, Haltigin, Timothy, Hays, Lindsay E, Agee, Carl B., Busemann, Henner, Cavalazzi, Barbara, Cockell, Charles S., Debaille, Vinciane, Glavin, Daniel P., Grady, Monica M., Hauber, Ernst, Hutzler, Aurore, Marty, Bernard, McCubbin, Francis M., Pratt, Lisa M, Regberg, Aaron B., Smith, Alvin L, Smith, Caroline L, Summons, Roger E., Swindle, Timothy D, Tait, Kimberly T, Tosca, Nicholas J., Udry, Arya, Usui, Tomohiro, Velbel, Michael A., Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Westall, Frances, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, NASA Headquarters, European Space Agency (ESA), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, University of Edinburgh, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, NASA, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Aberdeen, Meyer M. A., Kminek G., Beaty D. W., Carrier B. L., Haltigin T., Hays L. E., Agee C. B., Busemann H., Cavalazzi B., Cockell C. S., Debaille V., Glavin D. P., Grady M. M., Hauber E., Hutzler A., Marty B., McCubbin F. M., Pratt L. M., Regberg A. B., Smith A. L., Smith C. L., Summons R. E., Swindle T. D., Tait K. T., Tosca N. J., Udry A., Usui T., Velbel M. A., Wadhwa M., Westall F., and Zorzano M. -P.

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign
Abstract

International audience; The Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign must meet a series of scientific and technical achievements to be successful. While the respective engineering responsibilities to retrieve the samples have been formalized through a Memorandum of Understanding between ESA and NASA, the roles and responsibilities of the scientific elements have yet to be fully defined. In April 2020, ESA and NASA jointly chartered the MSR Science Planning Group 2 (MSPG2) to build upon previous planning efforts in defining 1) an end-to-end MSR Science Program and 2) needed functionalities and design requirements for an MSR Sample Receiving Facility (SRF). The challenges for the first samples brought from another planet include not only maintaining and providing samples in pristine condition for study, but also maintaining biological containment until the samples meet sample safety criteria for distribution outside of biocontainment. The MSPG2 produced six reports outlining 66 findings. Abbreviated versions of the five additional high-level MSPG2 summary findings are: Summary-1. A long-term NASA/ESA MSR Science Program, along with the necessary funding and human resources, will be required to accomplish the end-to-end scientific objectives of MSR. Summary-2. MSR curation will need to be done concurrently with Biosafety Level-4 containment. This would lead to complex first-of-a-kind curation implementations and require further technology development. Summary-3. Most aspects of MSR sample science can, and should, be performed on samples deemed safe in laboratories outside of the SRF. However, other aspects of MSR sample science are both time-sensitive and sterilization-sensitive and would need to be carried out in the SRF. Summary-4. To meet the unique science, curation, and planetary protection needs of MSR, substantial analytical and sample management capabilities would be required in an SRF. Summary-5. Because of the long lead-time for SRF design, construction, and certification, it is important that preparations begin immediately, even if there is delay in the return of samples.

Published
2022
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17. COSPAR Sample Safety Assessment Framework (SSAF)

Author

Kminek, Gerhard, Benardini, James N., Brenker, Frank E., Brooks, Timothy, Burton, Aaron S., Dhaniyala, Suresh, Dworkin, Jason P., Fortman, Jeffrey L., Glamoclija, Mihaela, Grady, Monica M., Graham, Heather, V, Haruyama, Junichi, Kieft, Thomas L., Koopmans, Marion, Mccubbin, Francis M., Meyer, Michael A., Mustin, Christian, Onstott, Tullis C., Pearce, Neil, Pratt, Lisa M., Sephton, Mark A., Siljestrom, Sandra, Sugahara, Haruna, Suzuki, Shino, Suzuki, Yohey, Van Zuilen, Mark, Viso, Michel, Kminek, Gerhard, Benardini, James N., Brenker, Frank E., Brooks, Timothy, Burton, Aaron S., Dhaniyala, Suresh, Dworkin, Jason P., Fortman, Jeffrey L., Glamoclija, Mihaela, Grady, Monica M., Graham, Heather, V, Haruyama, Junichi, Kieft, Thomas L., Koopmans, Marion, Mccubbin, Francis M., Meyer, Michael A., Mustin, Christian, Onstott, Tullis C., Pearce, Neil, Pratt, Lisa M., Sephton, Mark A., Siljestrom, Sandra, Sugahara, Haruna, Suzuki, Shino, Suzuki, Yohey, Van Zuilen, Mark, and Viso, Michel

Abstract

The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Sample Safety Assessment Framework (SSAF) has been developed by a COSPAR appointed Working Group. The objective of the sample safety assessment would be to evaluate whether samples returned from Mars could be harmful for Earth's systems (e.g., environment, biosphere, geochemical cycles). During the Working Group's deliberations, it became clear that a comprehensive assessment to predict the effects of introducing life in new environments or ecologies is difficult and practically impossible, even for terrestrial life and certainly more so for unknown extraterrestrial life. To manage expectations, the scope of the SSAF was adjusted to evaluate only whether the presence of martian life can be excluded in samples returned from Mars. If the presence of martian life cannot be excluded, a Hold & Critical Review must be established to evaluate the risk management measures and decide on the next steps. The SSAF starts from a positive hypothesis (there is martian life in the samples), which is complementary to the null-hypothesis (there is no martian life in the samples) typically used for science. Testing the positive hypothesis includes four elements: (1) Bayesian statistics, (2) subsampling strategy, (3) test sequence, and (4) decision criteria. The test sequence capability covers self-replicating and non-self-replicating biology and biologically active molecules. Most of the investigations associated with the SSAF would need to be carried out within biological containment. The SSAF is described in sufficient detail to support planning activities for a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) and for preparing science announcements, while at the same time acknowledging that further work is required before a detailed Sample Safety Assessment Protocol (SSAP) can be developed. The three major open issues to be addressed to optimize and implement the SSAF are (1) setting a value for the level of assurance to effectively exclude the presence of m

Published
2022
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18. Planning Implications Related to Sterilization-Sensitive Science Investigations Associated with Mars Sample Return (MSR)

Author

Velbel, Michael A., primary, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Carrier, Brandi Lee, additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional

Published
2022
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19. Preliminary Planning for Mars Sample Return (MSR) Curation Activities in a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF)

Author

Tait, Kimberly T., primary, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Carrier, Brandi L., additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional

Published
2022
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20. COSPAR Sample Safety Assessment Framework (SSAF)

Author

Kminek, Gerhard, primary, Benardini, James N., additional, Brenker, Frank E., additional, Brooks, Timothy, additional, Burton, Aaron S., additional, Dhaniyala, Suresh, additional, Dworkin, Jason P., additional, Fortman, Jeffrey L., additional, Glamoclija, Mihaela, additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Graham, Heather V., additional, Haruyama, Junichi, additional, Kieft, Thomas L., additional, Koopmans, Marion, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Mustin, Christian, additional, Onstott, Tullis C., additional, Pearce, Neil, additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Sephton, Mark A., additional, Siljeström, Sandra, additional, Sugahara, Haruna, additional, Suzuki, Shino, additional, Suzuki, Yohey, additional, van Zuilen, Mark, additional, and Viso, Michel, additional

Published
2022
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21. The Scientific Importance of Returning Airfall Dust as a Part of Mars Sample Return (MSR)

Author

Grady, Monica M., primary, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Carrier, Brandi L., additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional

Published
2022
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22. Rationale and Proposed Design for a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Science Program

Author

Haltigin, Timothy, primary, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Carrier, Brandi L., additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, and Westall, Frances, additional

Published
2022
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23. Science and Curation Considerations for the Design of a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Sample Receiving Facility (SRF)

Author

Carrier, Brandi L., primary, Beaty, David W., additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional

Published
2022
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24. Final Report of the Mars Sample Return Science Planning Group 2 (MSPG2)

Author

Meyer, Michael A., primary, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Carrier, Brandi L., additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Agree, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional

Published
2022
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25. Time-Sensitive Aspects of Mars Sample Return (MSR) Science

Author

Tosca, Nicholas J., Agee, Carl B., Cockell, Charles S., Glavin, Daniel P., Hutzler, Aurore, Marty, Bernard, McCubbin, Francis M., Regberg, Aaron B., Velbel, Michael A., Kminek, Gerhard, Meyer, Michael A., Beaty, David W., Carrier, Brandi L., Haltigin, Timothy, Hays, Lindsay E., Busemann, Henner, Cavalazzi, Barbara, Debaille, Vinciane, Grady, Monica M., Hauber, Ernst, and Pratt, Lisa M.

Abstract

Samples returned from Mars would be placed under quarantine at a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) until they are considered safe to release to other laboratories for further study. The process of determining whether samples are safe for release, which may involve detailed analysis and/or sterilization, is expected to take several months. However, the process of breaking the sample tube seal and extracting the headspace gas will perturb local equilibrium conditions between gas and rock and set in motion irreversible processes that proceed as a function of time. Unless these time-sensitive processes are understood, planned for, and/or monitored during the quarantine period, scientific information expected from further analysis may be lost forever.At least four processes underpin the time-sensitivity of Mars returned sample science: (1) degradation of organic material of potential biological origin, (2) modification of sample headspace gas composition, (3) mineral-volatile exchange, and (4) oxidation/reduction of redox-sensitive materials. Available constraints on the timescales associated with these processes supports the conclusion that an SRF must have the capability to characterize attributes such as sample tube headspace gas composition, organic material of potential biological origin, as well as volatiles and their solid-phase hosts.Because most time-sensitive investigations are also sensitive to sterilization, these must be completed inside the SRF and on timescales of several months or less. To that end, we detail recommendations for how sample preparation and analysis could complete these investigations as efficiently as possible within an SRF. Finally, because constraints on characteristic timescales that define time-sensitivity for some processes are uncertain, future work should focus on: (1) quantifying the timescales of volatile exchange for core material physically and mineralogically similar to samples expected to be returned from Mars, and (2) identifying and developing stabilization or temporary storage strategies that mitigate volatile exchange until analysis can be completed., Astrobiology, 22 (S1), ISSN:1531-1074, ISSN:1557-8070

Published
2022
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27. Comet 81p/Wild 2 under a Microscope

Author

Brownlee, Don, Tsou, Peter, Aléon, Jérôme, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Araki, Tohru, Bajt, Sasa, Baratta, Giuseppe A., Bastien, Ron, Bland, Phil, Bleuet, Pierre, Borg, Janet, Bradley, John P., Brearley, Adrian, Brenker, F., Brennan, Sean, Bridges, John C., Browning, Nigel D., Brucato, John R., Bullock, E., Burchell, Mark J., Busemann, Henner, Butterworth, Anna, Chaussidon, Marc, Cheuvront, Allan, Chi, Miaofang, Cintala, Mark J., Clark, B. C., Clemett, Simon J., Cody, George, Colangeli, Luigi, Cooper, George, Cordier, Patrick, Daghlian, C., Dai, Zurong, D'Hendecourt, Louis, Djouadi, Zahia, Dominguez, Gerardo, Duxbury, Tom, Dworkin, Jason P., Ebel, Denton S., Economou, Thanasis E., Fakra, Sirine, Fairey, Sam A. J., Fallon, Stewart, Ferrini, Gianluca, Ferroir, T., Fleckenstein, Holger, Floss, Christine, Flynn, George, Franchi, Ian A., Fries, Marc, Gainsforth, Z., Gallien, J.-P., Genge, Matt, Gilles, Mary K., Gillet, Philipe, Gilmour, Jamie, Glavin, Daniel P., Gounelle, Matthieu, Grady, Monica M., Graham, Giles A., Grant, P. G., Green, Simon F., Grossemy, Faustine, Grossman, Lawrence, Grossman, Jeffrey N., Guan, Yunbin, Hagiya, Kenji, Harvey, Ralph, Heck, Philipp, Herzog, Gregory F., Hoppe, Peter, Hörz, Friedrich, Huth, Joachim, Hutcheon, Ian D., Ignatyev, Konstantin, Ishii, Hope, Ito, Motoo, Jacob, Damien, Jacobsen, Chris, Jacobsen, Stein, Jones, Steven, Joswiak, David, Jurewicz, Amy, Kearsley, Anton T., Keller, Lindsay P., Khodja, H., Kilcoyne, A. L. David, Kissel, Jochen, Krot, Alexander, Langenhorst, Falko, Lanzirotti, Antonio, Le, Loan, Leshin, Laurie A., Leitner, J., Lemelle, L., Leroux, Hugues, Liu, Ming-Chang, Leuning, K., Lyon, Ian, MacPherson, Glen, Marcus, Matthew A., Marhas, Kuljeet, Marty, Bernard, Matrajt, Graciela, McKeegan, Kevin, Meibom, Anders, Mennella, Vito, Messenger, Keiko, Messenger, Scott, Mikouchi, Takeshi, Mostefaoui, Smail, Nakamura, Tomoki, Nakano, T., Newville, M., Nittler, Larry R., Ohnishi, Ichiro, Ohsumi, Kazumasa, Okudaira, Kyoko, Papanastassiou, Dimitri A., Palma, Russ, Palumbo, Maria E., Pepin, Robert O., Perkins, David, Perronnet, Murielle, Pianetta, P., Rao, William, Rietmeijer, Frans J. M., Robert, François, Rost, D., Rotundi, Alessandra, Ryan, Robert, Sandford, Scott A., Schwandt, Craig S., See, Thomas H., Schlutter, Dennis, Sheffield-Parker, J., Simionovici, Alexandre, Simon, Steven, Sitnitsky, I., Snead, Christopher J., Spencer, Maegan K., Stadermann, Frank J., Steele, Andrew, Stephan, Thomas, Stroud, Rhonda, Susini, Jean, Sutton, S. R., Suzuki, Y., Taheri, Mitra, Taylor, Susan, Teslich, Nick, Tomeoka, Kazu, Tomioka, Naotaka, Toppani, Alice, Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Troadec, David, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tuzzolino, Anthony J., Tyliszczak, Tolek, Uesugi, K., Velbel, Michael, Vellenga, Joe, Vicenzi, E., Vincze, L., Warren, Jack, Weber, Iris, Weisberg, Mike, Westphal, Andrew J., Wirick, Sue, Wooden, Diane, Wopenka, Brigitte, Wozniakiewicz, Penelope, Wright, Ian, Yabuta, Hikaru, Yano, Hajime, Young, Edward D., Zare, Richard N., Zega, Thomas, Ziegler, Karen, Zimmerman, Laurent, Zinner, Ernst, and Zolensky, Michael

Published
2006
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28. Infrared Spectroscopy of Comet 81p/Wild 2 Samples Returned by Stardust

Author

Keller, Lindsay P., Bajt, Saša, Baratta, Giuseppe A., Borg, Janet, Bradley, John P., Brownlee, Don E., Busemann, Henner, Brucato, John R., Burchell, Mark, Colangeli, Luigi, d'Hendecourt, Louis, Djouadi, Zahia, Ferrini, Gianluca, Flynn, George, Franchi, Ian A., Fries, Marc, Grady, Monica M., Graham, Giles A., Grossemy, Faustine, Kearsley, Anton, Matrajt, Graciela, Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko, Mennella, Vito, Nittler, Larry, Palumbo, Maria E., Stadermann, Frank J., Tsou, Peter, Rotundi, Alessandra, Sandford, Scott A., Snead, Christopher, Steele, Andrew, Wooden, Diane, and Zolensky, Mike

Published
2006
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30. Time-Sensitive Aspects of Mars Sample Return (MSR) Science

Author

Tosca, Nicholas J., primary, Agee, Carl B., additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A, additional, Beaty, David W, additional, Carrier, Brandi Lee, additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E, additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Pratt, Lisa M, additional, Smith, Alvin L, additional, Smith, Caroline L, additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D, additional, Tait, Kimberly T, additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional

Published
2021
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31. CHAPTER 13 - A roadmap for a European extraterrestrial sample curation facility – the EURO[sbnd]CARES project

Author

Smith, Caroline L., Russell, Sara S., Hutzler, Aurore, Meneghin, Andrea, Brucato, John Robert, Rettberg, Petra, Leuko, Stefano, Longobardo, Andrea, Dirri, Fabrizio, Palomba, Ernesto, Rotundi, Alessandra, Ferrière, Ludovic, Bennett, Allan, Pottage, Thomas, Folco, Luigi, Debaille, Vinciane, Aléon, Jérôme, Gounelle, Matthieu, Marrocchi, Yves, Franchi, Ian A., Westall, Frances, Zipfel, Jutta, Foucher, Frédéric, Berthoud, Lucy, Vrublevskis, John, Bridges, John C., Holt, John, and Grady, Monica M.

Published
2021
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33. Dating martian climate change

Author

Page, David P., Balme, Matthew R., and Grady, Monica M.

Subjects
Volcanism, Planetary meteorology, Mars (Planet), Cratering, Astronomy, Mineralogy, Natural history, Craters, Environmental sciences, Global temperature changes, Glacial epoch, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.05.012 Byline: David P. Page (a), Matthew R. Balme (b)(c), Monica M. Grady (a)(d) Keywords: Geological processes; Impact processes; Cratering; Mars; Climate; Earth Abstract: Geological evidence indicates that low-latitude polygonally-patterned grounds on Mars, generally thought to be the product of flood volcanism, are periglacial in nature and record a complex signal of changing climate. By studying the martian surface stratigraphically (in terms of the geometrical relations between surface landforms and the substrate) rather than genetically (by form analogy with Earth), we have identified dynamic surfaces across one-fifth of martian longitude. New stratigraphical observations in the Elysium-Amazonis plains have revealed a progressive surface polygonisation that is destructive of impact craters across the region. This activity is comparable to the climatically-driven degradation of periglacial landscapes on Earth, but because it affects impact craters -- the martian chronometer -- it can be dated. Here, we show that it is possible to directly date this activity based on the fraction of impact craters affected by polygon formation. Nearly 100% of craters (of all diameters) are superposed by polygonal sculpture: considering the few-100Ma age of the substrate, this suggests that the process of polygon formation was active within the last few million years. Surface polygonisation in this region, often considered to be one of the signs of young, 'plains-forming' volcanism on Mars, is instead shown to postdate the majority of impact craters seen. We therefore conclude that it is post-depositional in origin and an artefact of thermal cycling of near-surface ground ice. Stratigraphically-controlled crater counts present the first way of dating climate change on a planet other than Earth: a record that may tell us something about climate change on our own planet. Parallel climate change on these two worlds -- an ice age Mars coincident with Earth's glacial Quaternary period -- might suggest a coupled system linking both. We have previously been unable to generalise about the causes of long-term climate change based on a single terrestrial example -- with the beginnings of a chronology for climate change on our nearest planetary neighbour, we can. Author Affiliation: (a) Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK (b) Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK (c) The Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA (d) Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Rd., London SW7 5BD, UK Article History: Received 27 January 2009; Revised 6 May 2009; Accepted 11 May 2009

Published
2009

37. The potential science and engineering value of samples delivered to Earth by Mars sample return

Author

International MSR Objectives and Samples Team (iMOST), Beaty, David W., Grady, Monica M., McSween, Harry Y., Sefton-Nash, Elliot, Carrier, Brandi L., Altieri, Francesca, Amelin, Yuri, Ammannito, Eleonora, Anand, Mahesh, Benning, Liane G., Bishop, Janice L., Borg, Lars E., Boucher, Dale, Brucato, John R., Busemann, Henner, Campbell, Kathleen A., Czaja, Andrew D., Debaille, Vinciane, Des Marais, David J., and Dixon, Michael

Abstract

Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 54 (3), ISSN:1086-9379, ISSN:0026-1114, ISSN:1945-5100

Published
2019
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41. The potential science and engineering value of samples delivered to Earth by Mars sample return

Author

Grady, Monica M, Amelin, Yuri, Des Marais, D.J., Ehlmann, Bethany, Glavin, Daniel P, Hallis, Lydia J, Herd, C., Mangold, Nicolas, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Sephton, Mark A., Sharp, Z. D., Wadhwa, M., Werner, S C, Grady, Monica M, Amelin, Yuri, Des Marais, D.J., Ehlmann, Bethany, Glavin, Daniel P, Hallis, Lydia J, Herd, C., Mangold, Nicolas, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Sephton, Mark A., Sharp, Z. D., Wadhwa, M., and Werner, S C

Abstract

Executive summary provided in lieu of abstract.

Published
2019

44. Euromet Ureilite Consortium: A preliminary report on carbon and nitrogen geochemistry

Author

Grady, Monica M and Pillinger, C. T

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The first Euromet expedition to the Frontier Mountain in Antarctica in December 1990 recovered two ureilites, FRO 90036 (34.6g) and FRO 90054 (17.5g). Preliminary classification indicated that the specimens had very different textures and mineral chemistries, and hence were not paired. A third ureilite, Acfer 277 (41.0 g), has also recently been returned from the Sahara. Due to the small sample sizes of the meteorites, and the unusual mineralogy of FRO 90054, a consortium was established to ensure the most effective study of these samples; this abstract reports on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope geochemistry of two of the three ureilites issued to the consortium.

Published
1993

45. Nitrates in SNCs: Implications for the nitrogen cycle on Mars

Author

Grady, Monica M, Wright, I. P, Franchi, I. A, and Pillinger, C. T

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

Nitrogen is the second most abundant constituent of the Martian atmosphere, after CO2, present at a level of ca. 2.7 percent. Several authors have hypothesized that earlier in the planet's history, nitrogen was more abundant, but has been removed by processes such as exospheric loss from the atmosphere. However, an alternative sink for atmospheric nitrogen is the regolith; model calculations have predicted that, via the formation of NOx, HNO2 and HNO3 in the lower layers of the Martian atmosphere, the regolith might trap nitrite and nitrate anions, leading to the build-up of involatile nitrates. Integrated over 4.5 x 10(exp 9) yr, such a mechanism would contribute the equivalent of a layer of nitrates up to 0.3 cm thick distributed across the Martian surface. Features in thermal emission spectra of the surface of Mars have been interpreted tentatively as emanating from various anions (carbonates, bicarbonates, sulphates, etc.), and the presence of nitrates has also been addressed as a possibility. The identification of carbonates in SCN meteorites has allowed inferences to be drawn concerning the composition and evolution of the Martian atmosphere in terms of its carbon isotope systematics; if nitrites, nitrates, or other nitrogen-bearing salts could be isolated from SNC's, similar conclusions might be possible for an analogous nitrogen cycle. Nitrates are unstable, being readily soluble in water, and decomposed at temperatures between 50 C and 600 C, depending on composition. Any nitrates present in SNC's might be removed during ejection from the planet's surface, passage to Earth, or during the sample's terrestrial history, by weathering etc. The same might have been said for carbonates, but pockets of shock-produced glass (lithology C) from within the EET A79001 shergottite and bulk samples of other SNC contain this mineral, which did apparently survive. Nitrates occurring within the glassy melt pockets of lithology C in EET A79001 might likewise be protected. Lithology C glass was therefore selected for nitrate analysis, first by non-destructive infra red spectroscopy, and then by stepped combustion.

Published
1993

46. Attempts to comprehend Martian surface processes through interpretation of the oxygen isotopic compositions of carbonates in SNC meteorites

Author

Wright, I. P, Pillinger, C. T, and Grady, Monica M

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

The SNC meteorites are known to contain trace quantities of a variety of secondary minerals such as carbonates, sulfates, and aluminosilicates. Since these constituents are thought to be mostly preterrestrial in origin, their study has the potential to provide rigorous constraints on the nature of martian weathering processes. However, this line of investigation is potentially complicated by the presence within the meteorite samples of any additional weathering products produced by terrestrial processes. Examination of such terrestrial components is important since weathering processes that affect meteorite samples following their fall to Earth might have some bearing on the nature of analogous processes at the surface of Mars. It is obviously necessary to try and distinguish which secondary components in SNC meteorites are terrestrial in origin from those that are preterrestrial. Herein consideration is made of the stable isotopic compositions of weathering products in two SNC meteorites: EET A79001 (a sample collected from Antarctica) and Nakhla (a fall from Egypt, 1911).

Published
1992

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