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739 results on '"Grady, Cheryl L."'

3. Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams

Author

Botvinik-Nezer, Rotem, Holzmeister, Felix, Camerer, Colin F, Dreber, Anna, Huber, Juergen, Johannesson, Magnus, Kirchler, Michael, Iwanir, Roni, Mumford, Jeanette A, Adcock, R Alison, Avesani, Paolo, Baczkowski, Blazej M, Bajracharya, Aahana, Bakst, Leah, Ball, Sheryl, Barilari, Marco, Bault, Nadège, Beaton, Derek, Beitner, Julia, Benoit, Roland G, Berkers, Ruud MWJ, Bhanji, Jamil P, Biswal, Bharat B, Bobadilla-Suarez, Sebastian, Bortolini, Tiago, Bottenhorn, Katherine L, Bowring, Alexander, Braem, Senne, Brooks, Hayley R, Brudner, Emily G, Calderon, Cristian B, Camilleri, Julia A, Castrellon, Jaime J, Cecchetti, Luca, Cieslik, Edna C, Cole, Zachary J, Collignon, Olivier, Cox, Robert W, Cunningham, William A, Czoschke, Stefan, Dadi, Kamalaker, Davis, Charles P, Luca, Alberto De, Delgado, Mauricio R, Demetriou, Lysia, Dennison, Jeffrey B, Di, Xin, Dickie, Erin W, Dobryakova, Ekaterina, Donnat, Claire L, Dukart, Juergen, Duncan, Niall W, Durnez, Joke, Eed, Amr, Eickhoff, Simon B, Erhart, Andrew, Fontanesi, Laura, Fricke, G Matthew, Fu, Shiguang, Galván, Adriana, Gau, Remi, Genon, Sarah, Glatard, Tristan, Glerean, Enrico, Goeman, Jelle J, Golowin, Sergej AE, González-García, Carlos, Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J, Grady, Cheryl L, Green, Mikella A, Guassi Moreira, João F, Guest, Olivia, Hakimi, Shabnam, Hamilton, J Paul, Hancock, Roeland, Handjaras, Giacomo, Harry, Bronson B, Hawco, Colin, Herholz, Peer, Herman, Gabrielle, Heunis, Stephan, Hoffstaedter, Felix, Hogeveen, Jeremy, Holmes, Susan, Hu, Chuan-Peng, Huettel, Scott A, Hughes, Matthew E, Iacovella, Vittorio, Iordan, Alexandru D, Isager, Peder M, Isik, Ayse I, Jahn, Andrew, Johnson, Matthew R, Johnstone, Tom, Joseph, Michael JE, Juliano, Anthony C, Kable, Joseph W, Kassinopoulos, Michalis, Koba, Cemal, and Kong, Xiang-Zhen

Subjects
Generic health relevance, Brain, Data Analysis, Data Science, Datasets as Topic, Female, Functional Neuroimaging, Humans, Logistic Models, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Models, Neurological, Reproducibility of Results, Research Personnel, Software, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the effect of this flexibility on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging by asking 70 independent teams to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante hypotheses1. The flexibility of analytical approaches is exemplified by the fact that no two teams chose identical workflows to analyse the data. This flexibility resulted in sizeable variation in the results of hypothesis tests, even for teams whose statistical maps were highly correlated at intermediate stages of the analysis pipeline. Variation in reported results was related to several aspects of analysis methodology. Notably, a meta-analytical approach that aggregated information across teams yielded a significant consensus in activated regions. Furthermore, prediction markets of researchers in the field revealed an overestimation of the likelihood of significant findings, even by researchers with direct knowledge of the dataset2-5. Our findings show that analytical flexibility can have substantial effects on scientific conclusions, and identify factors that may be related to variability in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results emphasize the importance of validating and sharing complex analysis workflows, and demonstrate the need for performing and reporting multiple analyses of the same data. Potential approaches that could be used to mitigate issues related to analytical variability are discussed.

Published
2020

5. Reminders Reinstate Context-Specificity to Generalized Remote Memories in Rats: Relation to Activity in the Hippocampus and aCC

Author

Sekeres, Melanie J., Moscovitch, Morris, Grady, Cheryl L., Sullens, D. Gregory, and Winocur, Gordon

Abstract

Conditioned fear memories that are context-specific shortly after conditioning generalize over time. We exposed rats to a context reminder 30 d after conditioning, which served to reinstate context-specificity, and investigated how this reminder alters retrieval-induced activity in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (aCC) relative to a no reminder condition. c-Fos expression in dorsal CA1 was observed following retrieval in the original context, but not in a novel context, whether or not the memory was reactivated, suggesting that dCA1 retains the context-specific representation. c-Fos was highly expressed in aCC following remote memory testing in both contexts, regardless of reminder condition, indicating that aCC develops generalized representations that are insensitive to memory reactivation.

Published
2020
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34. Reactivation of Context-Specific Brain Regions during Retrieval

Author

Skinner, Erin I., Grady, Cheryl L., and Fernandes, Myra A.

Abstract

The neural correlates of recollection were examined using event-related functional MRI. We examined how the presence of different visual context information during encoding of target words influenced later recollection for the words presented alone at retrieval. Participants studied words presented with different pictures of faces or scrambled faces on each trial, and on a subsequent scanned recognition test made "remember", "know" or "new" responses to words presented alone. Prior to the study phase, participants performed a localizer task, in which the fusiform face area (FFA) was identified. We compared brain activation patterns for remember and know responses given to words studied with faces as compared to scrambled faces. Though behaviourally participants showed no difference in memory performance depending on encoding trial type, both a group- and individual-based region-of-interest analysis showed increased activation in the functionally-defined FFA for remember responses given to words studied with faces compared to scrambled faces. A regression analysis additionally showed that activation in the right fusiform gyrus increased as the relative recollection benefit for words studied with meaningful (face) compared to non-meaningful (scrambled face) context information increased. Results suggest that context-specific brain regions implicated during encoding are recruited during retrieval, and that the degree to which participants activate context-specific brain regions during retrieval is related to a behavioural benefit in later recollection for target information presented alone. (Contains 4 figures and 3 tables.)

Published
2010
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