Search

Your search keyword '"Graduate School of Environmental Science [Sapporo]"' showing total 8 results
Start Over Author "Graduate School of Environmental Science [Sapporo]"
8 results on '"Graduate School of Environmental Science [Sapporo]"'

1. Lower-stratospheric aerosol measurements in eastward-shedding vortices over Japan from the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone during the summer of 2018

Author

M. Fujiwara, T. Sakai, T. Nagai, K. Shiraishi, Y. Inai, S. Khaykin, H. Xi, T. Shibata, M. Shiotani, L. L. Pan, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Fukuoka University, Graduate School of Science [Sendai], Tohoku University [Sendai], STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Graduate School of Environmental Science [Sapporo], Graduate School of Environmental Studies [Nagoya], Nagoya University, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University [Kyoto], National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), and Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, lcsh:Chemistry, Troposphere, Altitude, lcsh:QD1-999, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Anticyclone, Environmental science, Cirrus, Tropopause, Stratosphere, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Eastward air-mass transport from the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) anticyclone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) often involves eastward-shedding vortices, which can cover most of the Japanese archipelago. We investigated the aerosol characteristics of these vortices by analysing data from two lidar systems in Japan, at Tsukuba (36.1∘ N, 140.1∘ E) and Fukuoka (33.55∘ N, 130.36∘ E), during the summer of 2018. We observed several events with enhanced particle signals at Tsukuba at 15.5–18 km of altitude (at or above the local tropopause) during August–September 2018, with a backscattering ratio of ∼ 1.10 and particle depolarization of ∼ 5 % (i.e. not spherical, but more spherical than ice crystals). These particle characteristics may be consistent with those of solid aerosol particles, such as ammonium nitrate. Each event had a timescale of a few days. During the same study period, we also observed similar enhanced particle signals in the lower stratosphere at Fukuoka. The upper troposphere is often covered by cirrus clouds at both lidar sites. Backward trajectory calculations for these sites for days with enhanced particle signals in the lower stratosphere and days without indicate that the former air masses originated within the ASM anticyclone and the latter more from edge regions. Reanalysis carbon monoxide and satellite water vapour data indicate that eastward-shedding vortices were involved in the observed aerosol enhancements. Satellite aerosol data confirm that the period and latitudinal region were free from the direct influence of documented volcanic eruptions and high-latitude forest fires. Our results indicate that the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL) over the ASM region extends east towards Japan in association with the eastward-shedding vortices and that lidar systems in Japan can detect at least the lower-stratospheric portion of the ATAL during periods when the lower stratosphere is undisturbed by volcanic eruptions and forest fires. The upper-tropospheric portion of the ATAL is either depleted by tropospheric processes (convection and wet scavenging) during eastward transport or is obscured by much stronger cirrus cloud signals.

Published
2021

2. Lower-stratospheric aerosol measurements in eastward shedding vortices over Japan from the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone during the summer of 2018

Author

Masatomo Fujiwara, Tetsu Sakai, Koichi Shiraishi, Yoichi Inai, Sergey Khaykin, Haosen Xi, Takashi Shibata, Masato Shiotani, Laura L. Pan, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Fukuoka University, Graduate School of Science [Sendai], Tohoku University [Sendai], STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Graduate School of Environmental Science [Sapporo], Graduate School of Environmental Studies [Nagoya], Nagoya University, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University [Kyoto], National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), and Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 13. Climate action, 15. Life on land
Abstract

Eastward airmass transport from the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) anticyclone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) often involves eastward shedding vortices, which can cover most of the Japanese archipelago. We investigated the aerosol characteristics of these vortices by analysing data from two lidar systems in Japan, at Tsukuba (36.1° N, 140.1° E) and Fukuoka (33.55° N, 130.36° E), during the summer of 2018. We observed several events with enhanced particle signals at Tsukuba at 15.5–18 km altitude (at or above the local tropopause) during August–September 2018, with a backscattering ratio of ~1.10 and particle depolarization of ~5 % (i.e., not spherical, but more spherical than ice crystals). These particle characteristics may be consistent with those of solid aerosol particles, such as ammonium nitrate. Each event had a timescale of a few days. During the same study period, we also observed similar enhanced particle signals in the lower stratosphere at Fukuoka. The upper troposphere is often covered by cirrus clouds at both lidar sites. Backward trajectory calculations for these sites for days with enhanced particle signals in the lower stratosphere and days without indicate that the former airmasses originated within the ASM anticyclone, and the latter more from edge regions. Reanalysis carbon-monoxide and satellite water-vapour data indicate that eastward shedding vortices were involved in the observed aerosol enhancements. Satellite aerosol data confirm that the period and latitudinal region were free from the direct influence of documented volcanic eruptions and high latitude forest fires. Our results indicate that the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) over the ASM region extends east towards Japan in association with the eastward shedding vortices, and that lidar systems in Japan can detect at least the lower stratospheric portion of the ATAL during periods when the lower stratosphere is undisturbed by volcanic eruptions and forest fires. The upper tropospheric portion of the ATAL is either depleted by tropospheric processes (convection and wet scavenging) during eastward transport or is obscured by much stronger cirrus cloud signals.

Published
2020

3. Multiple geographic origins of commensalism and complex dispersal history of black rats

Author

Judith H. Robins, Martua H. Sinaga, R. Terry Chesser, Jeremy J. Austin, Jean-Paul Gonzalez, Yin-Ping Fang, Ken Aplin, Kevin C. Rowe, José ten Have, Alan Cooper, Chris J. Conroy, Angela Frost, Julien Soubrier, Ibnu Maryanto, Hitoshi Suzuki, Ronald A. Van Den Bussche, Vincent Herbreteau, François Catzeflis, Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith, Christiane Denys, Alejandro A. Chinen, Amanda D. S. Bastos, Stephen C. Donnellan, Australian National Wildlife Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Graduate School of Environmental Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Smithsonian Institution, Office of the Gene Technology Regulator (OGTR), Australian Government Department of Health, South Australian Museum, and Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, Conditions et territoires d'émergence des maladies : dynamiques spatio-temporelles de l'émergence, évolution, diffusion/réduction des maladies, résistance et prémunition des hôtes (CTEM), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, National Chiayi University (NCYU), National Chiayi University, Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland [Auckland], Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) & Museum Bogoriense, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University [Stillwater], Museum of Vertebrate Zoology [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater] (OSU), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), Population genetics, Disease Vectors, TAXONOMIE, 01 natural sciences, Haplogroup, Zoonoses, PHYLOGENIE, HOMME, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Geography, biology, Ecology, COMMENSALISME, Animal Models, Mammalogy, Infectious Diseases, STRUCTURE GENETIQUE, Black rat, Medicine, Research Article, TRANSMISSION, Science, Population, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Model Organisms, PARASITOSE ANIMALE, Genetics, Animals, Evolutionary Systematics, education, Biology, Ecosystem, Taxonomy, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Evolutionary Biology, biology.organism_classification, Commensalism, Rats, Phylogeography, Animal Taxonomy, Rat, Biological dispersal, RAT, REPARTITION GEOGRAPHIQUE, Population Genetics
Abstract

The Black Rat (Rattus rattus) spread out of Asia to become one of the world’s worst agricultural and urban pests, and a reservoir or vector of numerous zoonotic diseases, including the devastating plague. Despite the global scale and inestimable cost of their impacts on both human livelihoods and natural ecosystems, little is known of the global genetic diversity of Black Rats, the timing and directions of their historical dispersals, and the risks associated with contemporary movements. We surveyed mitochondrial DNA of Black Rats collected across their global range as a first step towards obtaining an historical genetic perspective on this socioeconomically important group of rodents. We found a strong phylogeographic pattern with well-differentiated lineages of Black Rats native to South Asia, the Himalayan region, southern Indochina, and northern Indochina to East Asia, and a diversification that probably commenced in the early Middle Pleistocene. We also identified two other currently recognised species of Rattus as potential derivatives of a paraphyletic R. rattus. Three of the four phylogenetic lineage units within R. rattus show clear genetic signatures of major population expansion in prehistoric times, and the distribution of particular haplogroups mirrors archaeologically and historically documented patterns of human dispersal and trade. Commensalism clearly arose multiple times in R. rattus and in widely separated geographic regions, and this may account for apparent regionalism in their associated pathogens. Our findings represent an important step towards deeper understanding the complex and influential relationship that has developed between Black Rats and humans, and invite a thorough re-examination of host-pathogen associations among Black Rats. Citation: Aplin KP, Suzuki H, Chinen AA, Chesser RT, ten Have J, et al. (2011) Multiple Geographic Origins of Commensalism and Complex Dispersal History of

Published
2011

4. Effects of storms on primary productivity and air-sea CO2 exchange in the subarctic western North Pacific: a modeling study

Author

Fujii, M., Yamanaka, Y., EGU, Publication, Sustainability Governance Project, Creative Research Initiative, Graduate School of Environmental Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Frontier Research System for Global Change (FRSGC), and Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, animal diseases, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Life, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Geology, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], lcsh:QH501-531, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], lcsh:QH540-549.5, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, lcsh:Ecology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

Biogeochemical responses of the open ocean to storms and their feedback to climate are still poorly understood. Using a marine ecosystem model, we examined biogeochemical responses to the storms in the subarctic western North Pacific. The storms in summer through early autumn enhance net community production by wind-induced nutrient injections into the surface waters while the storms in the other seasons reduce net community production by intensifying light limitation on the phytoplankton growth due to vertical dilution of the phytoplankton. The two compensating effects diminish the storm-induced annual change of net community production to only 1%. On the contrary, the storms reduce the annual oceanic uptake of the atmospheric CO2 by 3%, resulting from storm-induced strong winds. Our results suggest that previous studies using climatological wind, sea level pressure, and CO2 data probably overestimated the air-to-sea CO2 influx during storms in the subarctic western North Pacific, and therefore, continuous high-frequent observations of these variables are required to reduce uncertainties in the global oceanic CO2 uptake.

Published
2008

5. A trajectory-based estimate of the tropospheric ozone column using the residual method

Author

Hennie Kelder, S. Chandra, Pieternel F. Levelt, Holger Vömel, E. Joseph, Esko Kyrö, S. J. Oltmans, Valery Dorokhov, Anne M. Thompson, Lucien Froidevaux, David J. Moore, Signe B. Andersen, John T. Merrill, Gérard Ancellet, René Stübi, Susan E. Strahan, P. Viatte, Jonathan Davies, Georg Hansen, Masatomo Fujiwara, B. Bojkov, Nathaniel J. Livesey, P. von der Gathen, Gert J. R. Coetzee, H. De Backer, G. Koenig-Langlo, Bryan N. Duncan, P. Skrivankova, Hans Claude, David W. Tarasick, Pawan K. Bhartia, Greg Bodeker, Gary A. Morris, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Margarita Yela, Jacquelyn C. Witte, H. Dier, Beverly J. Johnson, Marc Allaart, M. C. Parrondos, Bertrand Calpini, Emilio Cuevas, G. Zablocki, Susan S. Kulawik, Françoise Posny, Mark R. Schoeberl, Michael J. Newchurch, F. J. Schmidlin, Alberto Redondas, C. P. Leong, Jerald R. Ziemke, Valérie Thouret, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GEST), University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Environment Canada (Downsview), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Atmospheric Science [Huntsville], University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Arctic Research Centre of Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Laboratorio de Atmosfera [Madrid], Spanish Space Agency, Centre of Aerology [Poland], Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory - Richard Assmann Observatory (MOL-RAO), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Marine and Coastal Management, South African Government, Graduate School of Environmental Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique de l'atmosphère (LPA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Valparaiso], Valparaiso University, Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation [Malaysia] (MOSTI), Howard University, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Fluids and Flows

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Residual method, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Microwave Limb Sounder, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), pollution, Tropospheric ozone, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Ozone Monitoring Instrument, tropospheric ozone, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, air quality, Geophysics, Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Middle latitudes, Environmental science, Tropospheric column ozone, Tropopause
Abstract

We estimate the tropospheric column ozone using a forward trajectory model to increase the horizontal resolution of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) derived stratospheric column ozone. Subtracting the MLS stratospheric column from Ozone Monitoring Instrument total column measurements gives the trajectory enhanced tropospheric ozone residual (TTOR). Because of different tropopause definitions, we validate the basic residual technique by computing the 200-hPa-to-surface column and comparing it to the same product from ozonesondes and Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer measurements. Comparisons show good agreement in the tropics and reasonable agreement at middle latitudes, but there is a persistent low bias in the TTOR that may be due to a slight high bias in MLS stratospheric column. With the improved stratospheric column resolution, we note a strong correlation of extratropical tropospheric ozone column anomalies with probable troposphere-stratosphere exchange events or folds. The folds can be identified by their colocation with strong horizontal tropopause gradients. TTOR anomalies due to folds may be mistaken for pollution events since folds often occur in the Atlantic and Pacific pollution corridors. We also compare the 200-hPa-to-surface column with Global Modeling Initiative chemical model estimates of the same quantity. While the tropical comparisons are good, we note that chemical model variations in 200-hPa-to-surface column at middle latitudes are much smaller than seen in the TTOR.

Published
2007

6. In situ observations of dehydrated air parcels advected horizontally in the Tropical Tropopause Layer of the western Pacific

Author

Yoichi Inai, Samuel J. Oltmans, Noriyuki Nishi, Hisahiro Takashima, Ninong Komala, Masatomo Fujiwara, Slamet Saraspriya, Masato Shiotani, Holger Vömel, Fumio Hasebe, EGU, Publication, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Geophysical Institute, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University [Kyoto], CRES, University of Colorado [Boulder], NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, and Graduate School of Environmental Science [Sapporo]

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hygrometer, Advection, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Mixing (process engineering), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Mixing ratio, Environmental science, Saturation (chemistry), 451.3, Trajectory (fluid mechanics), Water content, lcsh:Physics, Water vapor, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Water vapor observations by chilled-mirror hygrometers were conducted at Bandung, Indonesia (6.90° S, 107.60° E) and Tarawa, Kiribati (1.35° N, 172.91° E) in December 2003 to examine the efficiency of dehydration during horizontal advection in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Trajectory analyses based on bundles of isentropic trajectories suggest that the modification of air parcels' identity due to irreversible mixing by the branching-out and merging-in of nearby trajectories is found to be an important factor, in addition to the routes air parcels follow, for interpreting the water vapor concentrations observed by chilled-mirror frostpoint hygrometers in the TTL. Clear correspondence between the observed water vapor concentration and the estimated temperature history of air parcels is found showing that drier air parcels were exposed to lower temperatures than were more humid ones during advection. Although the number of observations is quite limited, the water content in the observed air parcels on many occasions was more than that expected from the minimum saturation mixing ratio during horizontal advection prior to sonde observations.

Published
2007

7. Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder Ozone by ozonesonde and lidar measurements

Author

David W. Tarasick, Gert J. R. Coetzee, Hans Claude, P. Skrivankova, F. J. Schmidlin, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Robert Jarnot, G. Zablocki, R. E. Cofield, Françoise Posny, B. Bojkov, I. S. McDermid, P. Viatte, Michael J. Schwartz, Yan Jiang, Greg Bodeker, R. A. Fuller, Lucien Froidevaux, H. Dier, Hennie Kelder, Nathaniel J. Livesey, Beverly J. Johnson, Thierry Leblanc, Giovanni Laneve, S. J. Oltmans, H. De Backer, Brian Knosp, Marc Allaart, M. C. Parrondos, William H. Daffer, René Stübi, Robert S. Harwood, Michael J. Newchurch, Signe B. Andersen, Gary A. Morris, P. C. Stek, William G. Read, Margarita Yela, Bertrand Calpini, Brian J. Drouin, N. P. Leme, Joe W. Waters, W. V. Snyder, Esko Kyrö, D. T. Cuddy, Gert König-Langlo, Anne M. Thompson, R. P. Thurstans, V. S. Perun, P. von der Gathen, Masatomo Fujiwara, P. A. Wagner, L. S. Fook, Alyn Lambert, John T. Merrill, Holger Vömel, Jonathan Davies, M. J. Filipiak, Valérie Thouret, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Science [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Lauder Atmospheric Research Station, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Auckland] (NIWA), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), South African Weather Service (SAWS), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory - Richard Assmann Observatory (MOL-RAO), Graduate School of Environmental Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Centro di Ricerca Progetto San Marco (CRPSM), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation [Malaysia] (MOSTI), Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Valparaiso], Valparaiso University, Department of Atmospheric Science [Huntsville], University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ozonesonde, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Soil Science, 02 engineering and technology, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, MLS, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Altitude, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ozone layer, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Tropospheric ozone, Stratosphere, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, validation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Microwave Limb Sounder, ozone, Geophysics, Lidar, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Middle latitudes, Environmental science, Aura
Abstract

We present validation studies of MLS version 2.2 upper tropospheric and stratospheric ozone profiles using ozonesonde and lidar data as well as climatological data. Ozone measurements from over 60 ozonesonde stations worldwide and three lidar stations are compared with coincident MLS data. The MLS ozone stratospheric data between 150 and 3 hPa agree well with ozonesonde measurements, within 8% for the global average. MLS values at 215 hPa are biased high compared to ozonesondes by A`20% at middle to high latitude, although there is a lot of variability in this altitude region. Comparisons between MLS and ground-based lidar measurements from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, from the Table Mountain Facility, California, and from the Observatoire de Haute-Provence, France, give very good agreement, within A`5%, for the stratospheric values. The comparisons between MLS and the Table Mountain Facility tropospheric ozone lidar show that MLS data are biased high by A`30% at 215 hPa, consistent with that indicated by the ozonesonde data. We obtain better global average agreement between MLS and ozonesonde partial column values down to 215 hPa, although the average MLS values at low to middle latitudes are higher than the ozonesonde values by up to a few percent. MLS v2.2 ozone data agree better than the MLS v1.5 data with ozonesonde and lidar measurements. MLS tropical data show the wave one longitudinal pattern in the upper troposphere, with similarities to the average distribution from ozonesondes. High upper tropospheric ozone values are also observed by MLS in the tropical Pacific from June to November.

Published
2007

8. Flow cytometric analyses of the characteristics of tumor cells treated with two platinum compounds: 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-aminomethylpyrrolidine)- platinum(II) and cisplatin.

Author

Inoue S, Mizuno S, Ito M, and Ohnuma T

Subjects
Bromodeoxyuridine metabolism, Carboplatin pharmacology, Cell Cycle drug effects, Cell Division drug effects, DNA, Neoplasm metabolism, Drug Interactions, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Ki-67 Antigen, Kinetics, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Mitochondria drug effects, Mitochondria metabolism, Neoplasm Proteins, Nuclear Proteins, Rhodamine 123, Rhodamines, Subcellular Fractions metabolism, Time Factors, Tumor Cells, Cultured drug effects, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Carboplatin analogs & derivatives, Cisplatin pharmacology, Lung Neoplasms drug therapy
Abstract

In order to reduce the toxicities of cisplatin (DDP) and/or to improve antitumor efficacy, a large number of new platinum analogues have been synthesized. 1,1-Cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-aminomethylpyrrolidine)platin um(II) (DWA2114R) is one of them. In this study, we characterized the action mechanism of DWA2114R flow-cytometrically in 3 human lung cancer cell lines by using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), rhodamine 123 (Rho) and Ki-67 antibody (Ab), and compared the results with those for DDP. We found that the actions of these 2 platinum analogues were characteristically different at the subcellular level. Our observations may be summarized as follows. a) Simultaneous exposure of cells to DDP and BrdUrd resulted in decreases in fluorescence intensity, i.e. in the amount of BrdUrd incorporated into single-stranded DNA. b) DDP appears to be approximately 20-fold more active than DWA2114R in producing cell cycle perturbation. c) In PC-6 small cell carcinoma cells, DDP induced decreases in S phase cells and accumulation of cells in the G2M phase, whereas in PC-10 squamous carcinoma and PC-3 adenocarcinoma cells DDP produced S phase cell accumulation. Weak but similar changes occurred with DWA2114R. d) The high Ki-67 antigen cell population was decreased by treatment with either DDP or DWA2114R, but DDP reduced the low Ki-67 antigen population more than DWA2114R. e) In PC-10 and PC-6 cells, DDP suppressed Rho incorporation into live mitochondria, whereas DWA2114R produced no change in Rho incorporation. PC-3 cells were not affected by either DDP or DWA2114R. It is likely that these differences reflect the biological activities of DDP and DWA2114R.

Published
1992
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results