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3. First magnetostratigraphic results in the Aïn Beni Mathar-Guefaït Basin, Northern High Plateaus (Morocco): The Pliocene-Pleistocene Dhar Iroumyane composite section

Author

Parés, Josep M., Haddoumi, Hamid, Duval, Mathieu, Aouraghe, Hassan, Álvarez-Posada, Claudia, Pla-Pueyo, Sila, Benito-Calvo, Alfonso, Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Antonio, Van der Made, Jan, Piñero, Pedro, Agustí, Jordi, Oujaa, Aïcha, Grün, Rainer, Chacón, María Gema, and Sala-Ramos, Robert

Published
2023
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4. Rocks, teeth, and tools: New insights into early Neanderthal mobility strategies in South-Eastern France from lithic reconstructions and strontium isotope analysis.

Author

Moncel, Marie-Hélène, Fernandes, Paul, Willmes, Malte, James, Hannah, and Grün, Rainer

Subjects
Animals, Archaeology, Climate, Fossils, France, Neanderthals, Strontium Isotopes, Tooth
Abstract

Neanderthals had complex land use patterns, adapting to diversified landscapes and climates. Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in reconstructing the chronology, land use and subsistence patterns, and occupation types of sites in the Rhône Valley, southeast France. In this study, Neanderthal mobility at the site of Payre is investigated by combining information from lithic procurement analysis (chaîne evolutive and chaîne opératoire concepts) and strontium isotope analysis of teeth (childhood foraging area), from two units (F and G). Both units date to the transition from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 8 to MIS 7, and show similar environmental conditions, but represent contrasting occupation durations. Level Gb (unit G) represents a long-term year-round use, in contrast to short-term seasonal use of the cave in level Fb (unit F). For both levels, lithic material and food were generally collected from a local to semi-local region. However, in level Gb, lithic materials were mainly collected from colluviums and food collected in the valley, whereas in level Fb, lithic procurement focused primarily on alluvial deposits and food was collected from higher elevation plateaus. These procurement or exchange patterns might be related to flint availability, knapping advantages of alluvial flint or occupation duration. The site of Payre is located in a flint rich circulation corridor and the movement of groups or exchanges between groups were organized along a north-south axis on the plateaus or towards the east following the river. The ridges were widely used as they are rich in flint, whereas the Rhône Valley is not an important source of lithic raw materials. Compared to other western European Middle Palaeolithic sites, these results indicate that procurement strategies have a moderate link with occupation types and duration, and with lithic technology. The Sr isotope ratios broadly match the proposed foraging areas, with the Rhône Valley being predominantly used in unit G and the ridges and limestone plateaus in unit F. While lithic reconstructions and childhood foraging are not directly related this suggests that the three analysed Neanderthals spend their childhood in the same general area and supports the idea of mobile Neanderthals in the Rhône Valley and neighbouring higher elevation plateaus. The combination of reconstructing lithic raw material sources, provisioning strategies, and strontium isotope analyses provides new details on how Neanderthals at Payre practised land use and mobility in the Early Middle Palaeolithic.

Published
2019

7. Cornelia-Uitzoek: Paleoecology, Archeology, and Geochronology

Author

Brink†, James S., primary, Gowlett, John A.J., additional, Herries, Andy I.R., additional, Hancox, John, additional, Moggi-Cecchi, Jacopo, additional, Codron, Daryl, additional, Rossouw, Lloyd, additional, Trower, Gary, additional, Stone, Olivia M.L., additional, Bousman, Britt, additional, Grün, Rainer, additional, and Souron, Antoine, additional

Published
2022
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12. Dating the skull from Broken Hill, Zambia, and its position in human evolution

Author

Grün, Rainer, Pike, Alistair, McDermott, Frank, Eggins, Stephen, Mortimer, Graham, Aubert, Maxime, and Kinsley, Lesley

Subjects
Kabwe, Zambia -- Natural history, Anthropological research -- Research -- Usage -- Physiological aspects, Human evolution -- Research -- Physiological aspects -- Usage, Radiocarbon dating -- Usage -- Physiological aspects -- Research, Fossils -- Observations -- Usage -- Physiological aspects -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The cranium from Broken Hill (Kabwe) was recovered from cave deposits in 1921, during metal ore mining in what is now Zambia.sup.1. It is one of the best-preserved skulls of a fossil hominin, and was initially designated as the type specimen of Homo rhodesiensis, but recently it has often been included in the taxon Homo heidelbergensis.sup.2-4. However, the original site has since been completely quarried away, and--although the cranium is often estimated to be around 500 thousand years old.sup.5-7--its unsystematic recovery impedes its accurate dating and placement in human evolution. Here we carried out analyses directly on the skull and found a best age estimate of 299 [plus or minus] 25 thousand years (mean [plus or minus] 2[sigma]). The result suggests that later Middle Pleistocene Africa contained multiple contemporaneous hominin lineages (that is, Homo sapiens.sup.8,9, H. heidelbergensis/H. rhodesiensis and Homo naledi.sup.10,11), similar to Eurasia, where Homo neanderthalensis, the Denisovans, Homo floresiensis, Homo luzonensis and perhaps also Homo heidelbergensis and Homo erectus.sup.12 were found contemporaneously. The age estimate also raises further questions about the mode of evolution of H. sapiens in Africa and whether H. heidelbergensis/H. rhodesiensis was a direct ancestor of our species.sup.13,14. Analyses of the hominin skull from Broken Hill, Zambia, place it at an earlier date than previously thought, confirming that later Middle Pleistocene Africa was home to at least three lineages of hominin., Author(s): Rainer Grün [sup.1] [sup.2] , Alistair Pike [sup.3] , Frank McDermott [sup.4] , Stephen Eggins [sup.2] , Graham Mortimer [sup.2] , Maxime Aubert [sup.2] [sup.5] , Lesley Kinsley [sup.2] [...]

Published
2020
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14. Last appearance of Homo erectus at Ngandong, Java, 117,000–108,000 years ago

Author

Rizal, Yan, Westaway, Kira E., Zaim, Yahdi, van den Bergh, Gerrit D., Bettis, III, E. Arthur, Morwood, Michael J., Huffman, O. Frank, Grün, Rainer, Joannes-Boyau, Renaud, Bailey, Richard M., Sidarto, Westaway, Michael C., Kurniawan, Iwan, Moore, Mark W., Storey, Michael, Aziz, Fachroel, Suminto, Zhao, Jian-xin, Aswan, Sipola, Maija E., Larick, Roy, Zonneveld, John-Paul, Scott, Robert, Putt, Shelby, and Ciochon, Russell L.

Published
2020
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15. Who's been using my burial mound? Radiocarbon dating and isotopic tracing of human diet and mobility at the collective burial site, Le Tumulus des Sables, southwest France

Author

James, Hannah F., Willmes, Malte, Boel, Ceridwen A., Courtaud, Patrice, Chancerel, Antoine, Ciesielski, Elsa, Desideri, Jocelyne, Bridy, Audrey, Wood, Rachel, Moffat, Ian, Fallon, Stewart, McMorrow, Linda, Armstrong, Richard A., Williams, Ian S., Kinsley, Leslie, Aubert, Maxime, Eggins, Stephen, Frieman, Catherine J., and Grün, Rainer

Published
2019
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18. The earliest modern humans outside Africa

Author

Hershkovitz, Israel, Weber, Gerhard W., Quam, Rolf, Duval, Mathieu, Grün, Rainer, Kinsley, Leslie, Ayalon, Avner, Bar-Matthews, Miryam, Valladas, Helene, Mercier, Norbert, Arsuaga, Juan Luis, Martinón-Torres, María, de Castro, José María Bermúdez, Fornai, Cinzia, Martín-Francés, Laura, Sarig, Rachel, May, Hila, Krenn, Viktoria A., Slon, Viviane, Rodríguez, Laura, García, Rebeca, Lorenzo, Carlos, Carretero, Jose Miguel, Frumkin, Amos, Shahack-Gross, Ruth, Mayer, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef, Cui, Yaming, Wu, Xinzhi, Peled, Natan, Groman-Yaroslavski, Iris, Weissbrod, Lior, Yeshurun, Reuven, Tsatskin, Alexander, Zaidner, Yossi, and Weinstein-Evron, Mina

Published
2018

21. Apidima Cave fossils provide earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia

Author

Harvati, Katerina, Röding, Carolin, Bosman, Abel M., Karakostis, Fotios A., Grün, Rainer, Stringer, Chris, and Karkanas, Panagiotis

Subjects
Prehistoric peoples -- Discovery and exploration -- Identification and classification, Fossils -- Discovery and exploration -- Identification and classification, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Two fossilized human crania (Apidima 1 and Apidima 2) from Apidima Cave, southern Greece, were discovered in the late 1970s but have remained enigmatic owing to their incomplete nature, taphonomic distortion and lack of archaeological context and chronology. Here we virtually reconstruct both crania, provide detailed comparative descriptions and analyses, and date them using U-series radiometric methods. Apidima 2 dates to more than 170 thousand years ago and has a Neanderthal-like morphological pattern. By contrast, Apidima 1 dates to more than 210 thousand years ago and presents a mixture of modern human and primitive features. These results suggest that two late Middle Pleistocene human groups were present at this site--an early Homo sapiens population, followed by a Neanderthal population. Our findings support multiple dispersals of early modern humans out of Africa, and highlight the complex demographic processes that characterized Pleistocene human evolution and modern human presence in southeast Europe. Detailed comparative analyses of two fossil crania from Apidima Cave, Greece, indicate that two late Middle Pleistocene human groups were present at this site; first an early Homo sapiens population followed by a Neanderthal population., Author(s): Katerina Harvati [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Carolin Röding [sup.1] , Abel M. Bosman [sup.1] [sup.2] , Fotios A. Karakostis [sup.1] , Rainer Grün [sup.4] , Chris Stringer [sup.5] , [...]

Published
2019
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23. Age estimates for hominin fossils and the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic at Denisova Cave

Author

Douka, Katerina, Slon, Viviane, Jacobs, Zenobia, Ramsey, Christopher Bronk, Shunkov, Michael V., Derevianko, Anatoly P., Mafessoni, Fabrizio, Kozlikin, Maxim B., Li, Bo, Grün, Rainer, Comeskey, Daniel, Devièse, Thibaut, Brown, Samantha, Viola, Bence, Kinsley, Leslie, Buckley, Michael, Meyer, Matthias, Roberts, Richard G., Pääbo, Svante, Kelso, Janet, and Higham, Tom

Published
2019
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24. Early human symbolic behavior in the Late Pleistocene of Wallacea

Author

Brumm, Adam, Langley, Michelle C., Moore, Mark W., Hakim, Budianto, Ramli, Muhammad, Sumantri, Iwan, Burhan, Basran, Saiful, Andi Muhammad, Siagian, Linda, Sardi, Ratno, Jusdi, Andi, Mubarak, Andi Pampang, Oktaviana, Adhi Agus, Adhityatama, Shinatria, van den Bergh, Gerrit D., Aubert, Maxime, Zhao, Jian-xin, Huntley, Jillian, Li, Bo, Roberts, Richard G., Saptomo, E. Wahyu, Perston, Yinika, and Grün, Rainer

Published
2017

25. On the age of Ain Hanech Oldowan locality (Algeria): First numerical dating results

Author

Duval, Mathieu, primary, Sahnouni, Mohamed, additional, Parés, Josep M., additional, Zhao, Jian-xin, additional, Grün, Rainer, additional, Abdessadok, Salah, additional, Pérez-González, Alfredo, additional, Derradji, Abdelkader, additional, Harichane, Zoheir, additional, Mazouni, Nacim, additional, Boulaghraief, Kamel, additional, Cheheb, Razika Chelli, additional, and van der Made, Jan, additional

Published
2023
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26. Appendix: Dating Methods Applied to Azokh Cave Sites

Author

Fernández-Jalvo, Yolanda, Ditchfield, Peter, Grün, Rainer, Lees, Wendy, Aubert, Maxime, Torres, Trinidad, Ortiz, José Eugenio, Bautista, Arantxa Díaz, Pickering, Robyn, Delson, Eric, Series editor, Sargis, Eric J., Series editor, Fernández-Jalvo, Yolanda, editor, King, Tania, editor, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, editor, and Andrews, Peter, editor

Published
2016
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30. Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago

Author

Groucutt, Huw S., Grün, Rainer, Zalmout, Iyad A. S., Drake, Nick A., Armitage, Simon J., Candy, Ian, Clark-Wilson, Richard, Louys, Julien, Breeze, Paul S., Duval, Mathieu, Buck, Laura T., Kivell, Tracy L., Pomeroy, Emma, Stephens, Nicholas B., Stock, Jay T., Stewart, Mathew, Price, Gilbert J., Kinsley, Leslie, Sung, Wing Wai, Alsharekh, Abdullah, Al-Omari, Abdulaziz, Zahir, Muhammad, Memesh, Abdullah M., Abdulshakoor, Ammar J., Al-Masari, Abdu M., Bahameem, Ahmed A., Al Murayyi, Khaled M. S., Zahrani, Badr, Scerri, Eleanor L. M., and Petraglia, Michael D.

Published
2018
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31. Fluvial response to Quaternary hydroclimate in eastern Africa: Evidence from Gona, Afar, Ethiopia

Author

Stinchcomb, Gary E., primary, Quade, Jay, additional, Levin, Naomi E., additional, Iverson, Nels, additional, Dunbar, Nelia, additional, McIntosh, William, additional, Arnold, Lee J., additional, Demuro, Martina, additional, Duval, Mathieu, additional, Grün, Rainer, additional, Zhao, Jian-xin, additional, White, Marie, additional, Hynek, Scott A., additional, Brown, Francis H., additional, Rogers, Michael J., additional, and Semaw, Sileshi, additional

Published
2023
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33. On the age of Ain Hanech Oldowan locality (Algeria): First numerical dating results

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Stone Age Institute, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (France), Duval, Mathieu, Sahnouni, Mohamed, Parés, Josep M., Zhao, Jian-Xin, Grün, Rainer, Abdessadok, Salah, Pérez-González, Alfredo, Derradji; Abdelkader, Harichane, Zoheir, Mazouni, Nacim, Boulaghraief, Kamel, Cheheb, Razika Chelli, Van der Made, Jan, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Stone Age Institute, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (France), Duval, Mathieu, Sahnouni, Mohamed, Parés, Josep M., Zhao, Jian-Xin, Grün, Rainer, Abdessadok, Salah, Pérez-González, Alfredo, Derradji; Abdelkader, Harichane, Zoheir, Mazouni, Nacim, Boulaghraief, Kamel, Cheheb, Razika Chelli, and Van der Made, Jan

Abstract

Our current understanding of early human settlements in North Africa relies on a few well-contextualized Oldowan and Acheulean sites (e.g., Ain Hanech, El Kherba, Ain Boucherit Lw and Up, Tighennif in Algeria; Thomas Quarry in Morocco). In particular, the site of Ain Hanech has documented for many decades the earliest evidence of human presence in North Africa (e.g., Sahnouni and de Heinzelin, 1998), until older stone tools were recently reported at the nearby Ain Boucherit locality (Sahnouni et al., 2018). While the Early Pleistocene antiquity of this Oldowan assemblage has never really been questioned, its exact age has, however, been discussed. In the early 2000s, a series of articles were published in this journal arguing either for an age of ~1.8 Ma (Sahnouni et al., 2002, 2004) or much younger, around 1.2 Ma (Geraads et al., 2004). Although subsequent chronostratigraphic studies have provided additional evidence for the older age (Pares et al., 2014 ; Sahnouni et al., 2018; Duval et al., 2021), Ain Hanech site had never been numerically dated until now. Moreover, beyond the archeological relevance of the site, Ain Hanech faunal association has also long been used as a reference for biochronological inferences and comparative studies with other paleontological localities of the region (e.g., Geraads, 2002; Sahnouni et al., 2002; Van der Made and Sahnouni, 2013; Van der Made et al., 2021). In other words, the accuracy of North African biochronology over the Early Pleistocene timescale partly relies on the age of Ain Hanech. In this context, we present here the dating results from electron spin resonance (ESR) and uranium-series (U-series) methods tentatively applied to optically bleached quartz grains and fossil teeth from Ain Hanech and the nearby stratigraphically equivalent site of El Kherba (Sahnouni and de Heinzelin, 1998).

Published
2023

34. First magnetostratigraphic results in the Aïn Beni Mathar-Guefaït Basin, Northern High Plateaus (Morocco): The Pliocene-Pleistocene Dhar Iroumyane composite section

Author

Fundación Palarq, Ministerio de Cultura (España), Ministry of Culture and Communication (Morocco), Parés, Josep M., Haddoumi, Hamid, Duval, Mathieu, Aouraghe, Hassan, Álvarez-Posada, Claudia, Pla-Pueyo, Sila, Benito-Calvo, Alfonso, Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Antonio, Van der Made, Jan, Piñeiro, Pedro, Agustí, Jordi, Oujaa, Aïcha, Grün, Rainer, Chacón, María Gema, Sala-Ramos, Robert, Fundación Palarq, Ministerio de Cultura (España), Ministry of Culture and Communication (Morocco), Parés, Josep M., Haddoumi, Hamid, Duval, Mathieu, Aouraghe, Hassan, Álvarez-Posada, Claudia, Pla-Pueyo, Sila, Benito-Calvo, Alfonso, Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Antonio, Van der Made, Jan, Piñeiro, Pedro, Agustí, Jordi, Oujaa, Aïcha, Grün, Rainer, Chacón, María Gema, and Sala-Ramos, Robert

Abstract

The Aïn Beni Mathar-Guefaït Basin, in the High Plateau Region (Morocco), is dissected by the Za River, the main eastern tributary of the Moulouya, which incises more than 150 m into Plio-Pleistocene sediments. The main goal of the present study is to provide an initial geochronologic framework for such basin infill based on a combination of magnetostratigraphy and electron spin resonance (ESR). The combined results have implications on the age of the paleontological record, the evolution of the Moulouya River, and the activity of the faults that delimit the basin. We have studied sedimentary rocks that are essentially flat-lying and of an alluvial and lacustrine/palustrine origin. An approximately 140 m-thick section has been sampled at an average of 2.5 m per site, allowing to build a local magnetic polarity stratigraphy that includes nine geomagnetic reversals. Although no fold test is available, the presence of dual polarities and rockmagnetic analysis give us confidence that magnetization directions are primary. We then anchored the obtained magnetozones to the Geomagnetic Polarity Timescale (GPTS) using the biostratigraphic data as well as local geological observations. Our proposed magnetostratigraphy-based chronology reveals a Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary infill spanning from Gauss to Olduvai Chrons. The lower, detrital formations mostly fall within the normal Gauss Chron, whereas the upper lacustrine and palustrine carbonates, which are almost widespread to the top of the sedimentary fill, are Olduvai in age. These results provide the first chronological constraints for the basin fill in one of the largest intermontane basins of the High Plateaus. The new magnetostratigraphy also reveals that the major environmental change that triggered a switch from alluvial to lacustrine-palustrine conditions in Northern Maghreb occurred near the Gauss-Matuyama reversal, ca. 2.6 Ma. In addition, it shows that the age of the paleontological site Guefaït-4 is approximately

Published
2023

37. Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fossils from the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia: Implications for biogeography and palaeoecology

Author

Stimpson, Christopher M., Lister, Adrian, Parton, Ash, Clark-Balzan, Laine, Breeze, Paul S., Drake, Nick A., Groucutt, Huw S., Jennings, Richard, Scerri, Eleanor M.L., White, Tom S., Zahir, Muhammad, Duval, Mathieu, Grün, Rainer, Al-Omari, Abdulaziz, Al Murayyi, Khalid Sultan M., Zalmout, Iyaed S., Mufarreh, Yahya A., Memesh, Abdullah M., and Petraglia, Michael D.

Published
2016
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45. Fluvial response to Quaternary Hydroclimate in Eastern Africa: Evidence from Gona, Afar

Author

Stinchcomb, Gary E., primary, Quade, Jay, additional, Levin, Naomi E., additional, Iverson, Nels, additional, Dunbar, Nelia, additional, McIntosh, William, additional, Arnold, Lee, additional, Demuro, Martina, additional, Duval, Mathieu, additional, Grün, Rainer, additional, Zhao, Jian-xin, additional, White, Marie, additional, Rogers, Mike, additional, and Semaw, Sileshi, additional

Published
2022
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49. Earliest hominin occupation of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Author

van den Bergh, Gerrit D., Li, Bo, Brumm, Adam, Grün, Rainer, Yurnaldi, Dida, Moore, Mark W., Kurniawan, Iwan, Setiawan, Ruly, Aziz, Fachroel, Roberts, Richard G., Storey, Michael, Setiabudi, Erick, and Morwood, Michael J.

Subjects
Sulawesi -- Natural history, Hominids -- Environmental aspects, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

New excavations in Sulawesi, where in situ stone artefacts associated with fossil remains of megafauna have been recovered from stratified deposits between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago, suggest that Sulawesi was host to a long-established population of archaic hominins. Sulawesi is the largest and oldest island within Wallacea, a vast zone of oceanic islands separating continental Asia from the Pleistocene landmass of Australia and Papua (Sahul). By one million years ago an unknown hominin lineage had colonized Flores immediately to the south.sup.1, and by about 50 thousand years ago, modern humans (Homo sapiens) had crossed to Sahul.sup.2,3. On the basis of position, oceanic currents and biogeographical context, Sulawesi probably played a pivotal part in these dispersals.sup.4. Uranium-series dating of speleothem deposits associated with rock art in the limestone karst region of Maros in southwest Sulawesi has revealed that humans were living on the island at least 40 thousand years ago (ref. 5). Here we report new excavations at Talepu in the Walanae Basin northeast of Maros, where in situ stone artefacts associated with fossil remains of megafauna (Bubalus sp., Stegodon and Celebochoerus) have been recovered from stratified deposits that accumulated from before 200 thousand years ago until about 100 thousand years ago. Our findings suggest that Sulawesi, like Flores, was host to a long-established population of archaic hominins, the ancestral origins and taxonomic status of which remain elusive., Author(s): Gerrit D. van den Bergh [sup.1] [sup.2] , Bo Li [sup.1] , Adam Brumm [sup.3] [sup.4] , Rainer Grün [sup.3] , Dida Yurnaldi [sup.1] [sup.5] , Mark W. Moore [...]

Published
2016
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50. Data Associated with 'Bioavailable Soil and Rock Strontium Isotope Data from Israel'

Author

Moffat, Ian, Rudd, Rachel, Willmes, Malte, Mortimer, Graham, Kinsley, Les, McMorrow, Linda, Armstrong, Richard, Aubert, Maxime, and Grün, Rainer

Subjects
Geochemistry, Strontium isotope, Archaeology, FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences, Israel
Abstract

The data repository presents data associated with the paper "Bioavailable Soil and Rock Strontium Isotope Data from Israel" published in Earth System Science Data and available here https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-162

Published
2022
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