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While the dominant narrative has long been that Danish colonialism in Greenland was gentle and humane – in fact, almost not existing – increasingly, other interpretations are brought forward which put Denmark in a far from glorious and charitable position. The colonial past has, with a term from Sharon Macdonald, become difficult heritage, and a negotiation of Danish cultural memory is thus taking place. Two authors who actively participate in this process are Kim Leine and Iben Mondrup: Both have published several novels which deal with Denmark’s involvement in Greenland and which obviously seek to problematize the idea of Denmark as a benevolent colonizer. In this article, I examine how Leine’s The Colony of Good Hope (2018) and Mondrup’s Tabita (2020) contribute to destabilizing this narrative, with a particular focus on the use of multiperspectivity. Furthermore, I argue that the novels be read in a decolonial context.

Introducing three photographers: Inuuteq Storch, John Møller and Teit Jørgensen

To identify a climate trend, a lot of data is required for the conclusion to be accurate. A trend can require 30 years worth of measurements in order to say anything with certainty about how the climate is changing. It is therefore important to utilize every source of data in climate research. In this thesis, weather data from the Smart Stake weather stations on the Greenland ice sheet was reprocessed and utilized in analysis after not having been worked with since the early 2000s. Erroneous data was selectively discarded, and the remaining data was merged for each of the five Smart Stake stations. After being formatted, the data was adjusted and processed by filters in order to reduce the amount of noise in the measurements. The measured quantities, such as temperature, wind velocity and snow height, were plotted and compared in order to establish the causes of increased melting at certain stations. 2003 was found to be a year with more melt around the Smart Stake stations than other years, and 2004 was found to have particularly small amounts of melt occurring. A station at a lower elevation than others, experiencing higher than average temperatures, measured more melting. This implies a reliable data set which means that the data from the Smart Stake stations can be used in further research, in climate models and for verification purposes, as well as by legislators and for construction planning., För att kunna identifiera en klimattrend krävs en stor mängd data. En trend kan kräva en mängd data som motsvarar 30 år av mätningar för att säkert kunna säga hur klimatet förändras. Det är därför viktigt att utnyttja all data som samlas in för att kunna skapa noggranna klimatmodeller och dra korrekta slutsatser. I denna avhandling bearbetades väderdata från fem Smart Stake väderstationer på Grönlands istäcke på nytt. Mätningarna från dessa väderstationerhar inte utnyttjats sedan de sattes upp under tidiga 2000-talet. Felaktiga mätningar blev selektivt bortplockade och resterande data formatterades och sammanfogades till en fil per väderstation. Datan justerades och bearbetades sedan med hjälp av filter för att reducera mängden brus i mätningarna och markera ytterligare felaktig data. De uppmätta storheterna, exempelvis temperatur, vindhastighet och snöhöjd, visualiserades i diagram och jämfördes med mängden smält is och snö för att identifiera orsaken till högre uppmätt mängd smält is kring vissa väderstationer. 2003 visade sig vara ett år då mer smältning uppmättes än andra år, och 2004 ett år då inte lika mycket smält is uppmättes av Smart Stake väderstationerna. En station belägen på en lägre höjd över havet, som upplevde högre medeltemperaturer, var också benägen att uppmäta mer smält is. Detta implicerar att mätningarna från Smart Stake stationerna är pålitliga och att de kan användas till vidare forskning och klimatmodellering samt av lagstiftare och till planering av infrastruktur och byggnadskonstruktion.

Seit ihrer Erfindung zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts sind Kunststoffe ein fester Bestandteil der modernen Welt geworden. Sie haben diese aufgrund ihrer Vielseitigkeit, Kosteneffizienz und Haltbarkeit geprägt wie kein anderer Werkstoff vor ihnen. Kunststoffe sind allgegenwärtig. Doch genau die Eigenschaften, die Kunststoffe heute unverzichtbar machen, stellen auch eine erhebliche Gefahr für die Umwelt dar. Es wird immer mehr Plastik produziert - und damit auch immer mehr Plastikmüll. Das liegt hauptsächlich an der fehlenden Kreislaufwirtschaft für Kunststoffe. Kunststoffabfälle verbleiben in der Umwelt und zerfallen in immer kleinere Partikel, so genanntes Meso-, Mikro- und Nanoplastik. Vor allem Fragmente von Mikroplastik (MP) wurden schon in allen Lebensräumen und einer Vielzahl von Organismen nachgewiesen. Sie haben bereits negative Auswirkungen auf die Lebenswelt gezeigt. Unter anderem können sie nach dem Verschlucken bei Organismen zu Entzündungen und dem Tod führen, mikrobielle Gemeinschaftsstrukturen verändern und als Transportvektoren für Krankheitserreger dienen. MP wurde schon in entlegenen Regionen wie der Arktis gefunden, aber es ist bis heute nicht nachgewiesen, wie die Partikel dort hingelangen. Einige Studien vermuten einen atmosphärischen Transport aus Agglomerationen südlich der Arktis, wie etwa Europa. Andere Studien gehen davon aus, dass Meeresströmungen MP in die Arktis transportieren und arktische Raubtiere als Biovektoren fungieren, welche das MP wieder an Land verbreiten. Bislang gibt es keine Daten über die atmosphärische MP-Belastung der terrestrischen Arktis und nur wenige Daten über arktische Raubtiere. Um diese Wissenslücke zu schließen, führten wir eine Segelexpedition nach Svalbard, Jan Mayen und Grönland durch und sammelten Luft-, sowie Fäkalproben in der terrestrischen Arktis. Wir haben ein automatisiertes µFTIR-Spektroskopie-Verfahren angewendet, mit Hilfe eines Bruker Lumos II Mikroskop mit Flächenbildsensor und Maschinellem-Lernalgor, Since their invention in the beginning of the 20th century, plastics have become an integral part of the modern world. They revolutionized various industries and applications due to their versatility, cost-effectiveness, and durability. Plastics are ubiquitous. However, the very attributes that make plastics indispensable today, also pose substantial environmental threats. Their usage continues to increase and so does the amount of plastic waste. The main driver of this development is the lack of a circular plastic economy. Plastic waste persists in the environment and fragments into ever smaller particles, so called meso-, micro-, and nanoplastics. Especially microplastic (MP) fragments have been detected in all environmental matrices and a large number of organisms. They have already shown negative impacts on the living world. Among other things they can lead to inflammations and death after ingestion, alter microbial community structures and act as transport vectors for pathogens. MPs have been found in remote regions like the Arctic, but their transport mechanisms remain uncertain. Some studies suggest long-range atmospheric transport, while others propose ocean currents carry them and animals act as biovectors dispersing them back on land. To date there is no data regarding the terrestrial Arctic´s atmospheric MP burden, and only scarce data regarding Arctic predators. To address this knowledge gap we conducted a sailboat expedition to Svalbard, Jan Mayen, and Greenland, and collected atmospheric and faecal samples in the terrestrial Arctic. Using an automated µFTIR-spectroscopy approach, integrating a Bruker Lumos II microscope with a focal-plane-array detector and machine-learning algorithms for particle detection, we overcame limitations of the standard procedure of microscopic MP identification by humans followed by manual spectroscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first study to sample for airborne MP particles in the High Arctic. We identified 13 MP part, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2023

Præsentation af tre fotografer: Inuuteq Storch, John Møller, Teit Jørgensen

This thesis examines the visions of the Greenlandic/Greenlandic speaking elite in the committee work during diplomatic negotiations for laws concerning education, administration of justice and political institutions during the first half of the 20th century. The temporal span is one of immense development and the shift in the conditions for the materiel and economic fabric of Greenlandic society creates opportunity for re-negotiation of central elements of the relationship between Greenland and Denmark. This thesis hypothesis concerns the special conditions of the Greenlandic/Greenlandic speaking elite, and how they tried to gain influence on the development of Greenlandic society. Firstly, what made them a group? Because of their sociological conditions they needed to be distinguished from both Greenlanders and Danes alike. The implications of this point of departure are that this constructed group during the committee-based negotiations acted on self-interest which meant that in some questions they were likeminded with Danes and in some instances with the Greenlanders. Secondly, I find that sociological distinctions between the Greenlanders, Danes, and the constructed group of Greenlandic/Greenlandic speaking elite places the elite in a field of shared values with the other groups visualized in what I call the Greenlandic actors continuum. Thirdly, I find that the Greenlandic/Greenlandic speaking elite sought influence on the field of power through negotiations in a diplomatic field. Their reasoning in the field and the reason for their shared values with both Danes and Greenlanders were the split systems of education that they interacted with. That explains their fluctuating placement in the Greenlandic actors continuum and their strategy of integration with the goal of acquiring power and more political autonomy.

In recent years, the Danish colonial history in Greenland has received much critical attention. Time and again, cases of colonial injustices have been documented by researchers and journalists. At the same time, the Danish-Greenlandic relationship is framed as more equal than ever before, and the increasing Greenlandic autonomy in the Community of the Realm is highlighted. This thesis departs from this curious parallelity of contemporary equality and colonial legacy and asks the question: “Which role do current Danish narratives of equal value in the Danish-Greenlandic relationship play? – to what extent do they advance a break with the Danish colonial past and to what extent do they obfuscate imperial durabilities within the Realm?”. Thereby, this thesis addresses the need for further critical research about Danish colonialism in relation to the contemporary Danish-Greenlandic relationship. Drawing on theories and concepts from anti- and postcolonial thought, in particular Albert Memmi's work about the structures of the colonial relation and the privilege of the colonizer, as well as Laura Stoler's work about imperial durabilities and imperial formations, this thesis conducts a historically grounded, qualitative content analysis of debates in the Danish Parliament from the years 2009-2022, as well as interviews with people experiencing the cooperation between Denmark and Greenland on close hold. The main finding of the thesis is the following: While there are clear signs of improvement in recent years pertaining to an increased sense of equal value in the political cooperation between Denmark and Greenland, the fundamental issue of enduring structural inequalities remains and seem difficult to overcome in light of the imperial durabilities within the Community of the Realm. We can therefore not conclude that the contemporary narratives of equal value signal a break with Denmark’s colonial past. They may signal a wish to do so - but in the colonial presence of the C, In recent years, the Danish colonial history in Greenland has received much critical attention. Time and again, cases of colonial injustices have been documented by researchers and journalists. At the same time, the Danish-Greenlandic relationship is framed as more equal than ever before, and the increasing Greenlandic autonomy in the Community of the Realm is highlighted. This thesis departs from this curious parallelity of contemporary equality and colonial legacy and asks the question: “Which role do current Danish narratives of equal value in the Danish-Greenlandic relationship play? – to what extent do they advance a break with the Danish colonial past and to what extent do they obfuscate imperial durabilities within the Realm?”. Thereby, this thesis addresses the need for further critical research about Danish colonialism in relation to the contemporary Danish-Greenlandic relationship. Drawing on theories and concepts from anti- and postcolonial thought, in particular Albert Memmi's work about the structures of the colonial relation and the privilege of the colonizer, as well as Laura Stoler's work about imperial durabilities and imperial formations, this thesis conducts a historically grounded, qualitative content analysis of debates in the Danish Parliament from the years 2009-2022, as well as interviews with people experiencing the cooperation between Denmark and Greenland on close hold. The main finding of the thesis is the following: While there are clear signs of improvement in recent years pertaining to an increased sense of equal value in the political cooperation between Denmark and Greenland, the fundamental issue of enduring structural inequalities remains and seem difficult to overcome in light of the imperial durabilities within the Community of the Realm. We can therefore not conclude that the contemporary narratives of equal value signal a break with Denmark’s colonial past. They may signal a wish to do so - but in the colonial presence of the C

This thesis is a micro-historical study of the role of honour in interpersonal conflicts in the Danish-Norwegian crown colony of Greenland between 1728 and 1731. In the two settlements that constituted the colony, the highest-ranking officials, including the governor, were all oath-sworn royal servants; they were also almost constantly embroiled in personal quarrels. The thesis asks why and how this strife arose, how it developed over time, and what its consequence was for the short- lived crown colony. The argument is that the strife was due to a volatile combination of cramped living quarters in an inhospitable milieu, an ambiguously defined leadership structure, the remoteness of the colony, and, above all, the royal servants’ tendency to view their charge as being closely linked to their personal honour. Furthermore, there was not a sufficiently developed legal system in the colony to handle the strife and attempts by the colonial council to do so made the conflicts worse instead of settling them. The ongoing strife divided the colonists between those loyal to the governor and those loyal to his enemies, but over time the governor became increasingly politically isolated in the face of a united colony council. Ultimately, the thesis argues that, as a final consequence of the antagonism, a sort of silent coup was carried out against the governor. This, in turn, contributed to the termination of the Greenland crown colony. Honour was not the main cause of conflict, but it helped the conflict to grow from technical disagreements into bitter grudges and anxieties, and finally into an attack on the integrity of the colonial leadership structure itself., Activating Arctic Heritage, National Museum of Denmark

This is a study of Greenlandic and Danish members of parliament's statements in Folketinget between 1960-1962. The study aims to see in which matters the Greenlandic members presented their statements, as well as what can be discerned from the Greenlandic and Danish members’ statements about the formers possibilities to change Greenland’s political situation.The study will also examine the statements made from a postcolonial viewpoint to see if they overlap with the theory. The study shows that the statements made by both the Danish and Greenlandic members of Folketinget overlap with the postcolonial theory several times. Edward Said, Franz Fanon and Michel Foucoults theories can all be traced within their statements. Foremost, Homi Bhabha and what he described as colonial mimicry is found on several occasions. The Greenlandic members of Folketinget made staments in a variety of political areas, both about specific issues on Greenland itself as well as how to change the asymmetrical relationship between Greenland and Denmark. Their possibilities to alter Greenland’s political situation was greatly hindered seeing as the Greenlandic members of Folketinget could not partake on the same terms as their danish collegues. Greenland also lacked any real political power in foreign politics, and therefore any tangible political voice when negotiating international treaties.

Rigsfællesskabet står højt på agendaen i disse år, men selvom Folketinget må siges at være en central arena for fællesskabets historiske og nutidige udfoldelse, ved vi kun meget lidt om de nordatlantiske mandaters deltagelse i folketingsarbejdet. Særligt ved vi næsten intet om forskellen på grønlandske og færøske medlemmers deltagelse: Deltager de på samme vis, eller er der væsentlige forskelle? I perioden 1953 til i dag har både medlemmer fra Færøerne og Grønland beskæftiget sig mest med nationale forhold, ligesom de har forholdt sig ens i spørgsmål om parlamentariske flertalsdannelser, men der er væsentlige forskelle. Blandt andet deltager de grønlandske medlemmer dobbelt så meget i en række parlamentariske aktiviteter, ligesom de holder langt mindre orlov., Artikeltitel på pdf: Nordatlantiske mandater i Folketinget

Mining relies on the mobilization of emotions but also fosters them. Potentiality, hope, excitement, shame, anger, concern, and despair are emotions that are activated when mining is on the agenda. Acknowledging affects and emotions as an essential social driver within planning, advocating, modifying, or banning industrial resource extraction, the chapter focuses on the consultation process in Narsaq, South Greenland for a mining project at the Kuannersuit Plateau pursued by Greenland Minerals. With this study we go beyond the created boundaries of the participatory space and study which voices, atmosphere, and understanding of time are made possible within the apparatus of the presented mining project. In this case the atmosphere of peace and good governance promoted by the organizers of the hearing aimed to instill a feeling of trust and belief in a future for Narsaq based on the mining project. However, insecurity, anger, and lack of trust prevailed among the audience. The meeting ended in frustration and lack of communication. The conclusion identifies points of attention that stakeholders should be aware of and take seriously in order to meet the ideal of ‘best practice’.

This article examines the role of climate change and the Anthropocene in contemporary Danish literature about Greenland. I argue that even though Danish literature in general has been very concerned with anthropogenic climate change in recent years, this is not the case for Danish literature specifically about Greenland. To illustrate this, I begin with a short literary overview, after which I focus on the novel Korsveje i Nord (2015) by Bjarne Ljungdahl. This book, I define as an example of cli-fi (“climate fiction” or “climate change fiction”) that does engage with Greenland, and I analyze its view on the Anthropocene. Following this main part of the article, I briefly discuss what potentials cli-fi’s such as Korsveje i Nord might hold in the discussion of anthropogenic climate change and the Anthropocene, and I turn my attention to literature about Greenland from outside Denmark.

Drum dancing was the original musical tradition among the Inuit in Greenland. It was a musical performance where a person played on a frame drum while singing and making certain movements with the body in a kind of dance. After the Danish-Norwegian colonization which led to the Christianisation of the Greenlandic Inuit – dated to start in 1721 - the drum dance was forbidden and labelled heathen. The tradition died in West Greenland but survived in secret in North- and East Greenland. In 1953 Greenland became an official part of Denmark with the same status as any Danish county and a politically enforced “Danification” of the Greenlandic people began, supported by both Danes and Greenlanders. In 1979 Greenland achieved home rule and a counter-reaction to the Danification process set in. Traditional Greenlandic values and customs were brought back to life and among other things the frame drum was taken up again, played in the traditional way as a symbol of strength and Greenlandic identity. Within the past 10 years the Greenlandic drum dance has had yet another revival as traditional drum dancing has become increasingly popular in Greenlandic society as well as having been taken up by several modern Greenlandic musicians. More and more young people have joined drum dancing clubs and many public arrangements like concerts and lectures are being held. In December 2021 Inuit drum dancing and singing was added to UNESCO´s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This paper deals with this second revival of drum dancing in Greenland. Its main focus is on the modernization of traditional drum dancing and the incorporation of the Greenlandic drum, Qilaat, into other (modern) musical styles.