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Celem tekstu jest ukazanie aktywności podejmowanej przez seniorów w środowisku wiejskim, jak również różnego rodzaju utrudnień charakterystycznych dla ich środowiska zamieszkania. W badaniach zastosowano zbiorowe studium przypadku z wywiadem pogłębionym (Stake 2009). Przyjęta strategia jakościowa pozwoli na ukazanie indywidualnych doświadczeń w przeżywaniu własnej starości w kontekście możliwości i ograniczeń. Badaniem objęto 12 przypadków – rdzennych mieszkańców wsi w różnych regionach Polski, w przedziale wiekowym 67–80 lat. Badania wskazują na istnienie różnorodnych ograniczeń w podejmowaniu aktywności przez seniorów wiejskich. Spośród badanych przypadków większość seniorów nie poddaje się pasywnej starości i podejmuje działania na rzecz samorozwoju i aktywizacji swoich rówieśników, pomimo pojawiających się trudności. Należy jednak podjąć działania na rzecz zwiększenia dostępności ofert aktywizujących osoby starsze w ich miejscach zamieszkania.

This paper reviews the research of learning in students throught socio-demographic determinants of academic motivation. The goal of this research was to determine statistically significant differences in some dimensions of academic motivation (internal motivation, external motivation and amotivation) in students in relation to variables from the socio-demographic domain (sex, age and education level of the respondents). The sample was apparent, 1711 respondents from four countries: Slovakia, Czechia, Serbia and Poland which are involved in some of the levels of formal education, from undergraduate, to doctorate. Respondents of both sexes were included, 20.7% were male, while 79.3% were female, ages ranging from 18 to 61 years (AS=25.4). The results of this study show that there are significant differences in the dimensions of academic motivation in relation to age, sex and education level of the respondents. This research has shown that internal motivation is less developed in younger age groups and those of lower educational levels. The results showed a relatively balanced relationship between internal and external motivation in women, which is not the case with men.

Genetic disorders are caused by a hereditary change in the structure of DNA that may hurt the health and life of animals. Several recessive haplotypes and a few causative mutations are known in Holstein Friesian cattle: CDH (Holstein cholesterol deficiency), haplotypes with a homozygous deficiency in Holstein (HH1, HH3, HH4, HH5, HH6, HH7), BLAD (bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency), DUMPS (deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase), FXI (factor XI deficiency), HHM (mule foot, syndactyly), and BC (citrullinaemia). From a breeding point of view, these genetic diseases have highly negative effects and are a significant problem for breeders, exposing them to economic losses and hurting animal welfare. This study aimed to characterize the Polish population of Holstein Friesian dairy cattle, considering the carrier status of twelve selected genetic defects. This study was based on genotype data collected from 78,884 cows and 691 bulls of the Holstein Friesian variety. The studies were performed using Illumina Infinium microarrays. Among both bulls and cows, the highest numbers of carriers were detected for HH5 (appropriately 6.7% and 5.4%). The lowest numbers of carriers were detected for DUMPS, factor XI, and HHM. The study revealed one calf suffering from cholesterol deficiency.

RELIGIOUS VOCABULARY AND THE REFORMATION: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE DISCUSSION ON THE CONFESSIONAL DIVERSITY OF THE SIXTEENTH-CENTURY POLISH LEXICON The article addresses the problem of the confessional diversity of sixteenth-century Polish religious vocabulary. It revises the arguments put forward by other academics and formulates new research recommendations. Focusing on the lexicon of Polish Lutheranism, which has so far received little scholarly attention, the article examines the vocabulary used in the polemical texts by one of the main representatives of the Polish Reformation: the Lutheran Erazm Gliczner. Based on the analysis of two groups of confessional terms: 1. repentance [pokajanie] – reflection [upamiętanie], 2. the Catholic church [Kościół] – the Protestant church [Zbór], we claim that the author does not avoid words that belong to the Catholic lexicon, but distances himself from the terminology used by representatives of radical, anti-Trinitarian denominations. Our findings help to revise certain popular ideas, conclusions drawn from the analysis of Polish translations of the Bible, as well as linguistic commentaries of the translators. It is thus essential that the research in the field of the sixteenth-century Polish religious vocabulary should be continued and should include texts other than Bible translations, i.e., texts whose authors’ word choice was determined by different factors.

Simple Summary: There are several known genetic diseases affecting Holstein Friesian cattle. The vast majority of them are lethal; they cause the death of the sick animal in the fetal period or shortly after birth. These genetic disorders cause multiple problems for breeders, exposing them to economic losses, e.g., treatment costs, and repeated inseminations. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of the occurrence of twelve selected genetic diseases in the Polish population of Holstein Friesian dairy cattle. A total of 78,884 cows and 691 bulls were genotyped by Illumina microarrays. Our results showed a relatively high frequency of some genetic diseases in the Polish population of Holstein Friesian cattle. The results obtained clearly highlight the need to take action to eliminate these genetic diseases from the Holstein Friesian cattle population, thus reducing losses in the fertility, productivity, and profitability of dairy cattle enterprises in the future. Genetic disorders are caused by a hereditary change in the structure of DNA that may hurt the health and life of animals. Several recessive haplotypes and a few causative mutations are known in Holstein Friesian cattle: CDH (Holstein cholesterol deficiency), haplotypes with a homozygous deficiency in Holstein (HH1, HH3, HH4, HH5, HH6, HH7), BLAD (bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency), DUMPS (deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase), FXI (factor XI deficiency), HHM (mule foot, syndactyly), and BC (citrullinaemia). From a breeding point of view, these genetic diseases have highly negative effects and are a significant problem for breeders, exposing them to economic losses and hurting animal welfare. This study aimed to characterize the Polish population of Holstein Friesian dairy cattle, considering the carrier status of twelve selected genetic defects. This study was based on genotype data collected from 78,884 cows and 691 bulls of the Holstein Friesian variety. The studies were performed using Illumina Infinium microarrays. Among both bulls and cows, the highest numbers of carriers were detected for HH5 (appropriately 6.7% and 5.4%). The lowest numbers of carriers were detected for DUMPS, factor XI, and HHM. The study revealed one calf suffering from cholesterol deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aims Because reported mortality on veno‐arterial (V‐A) extracorporeal life support (ECLS) substantially varies between centres, the aim of the current analysis was to assess the outcomes between units performing heart transplantation and/or implanting ventricular assist device (HTx/VAD) vs. non‐HTx/VAD units in patients undergoing V‐A ECLS for cardiogenic shock. Methods and results Systematic search according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE databases until 30 November 2019. Articles reporting in‐hospital/30‐day mortality and centre's HTx/VAD status were included. In‐hospital outcomes and long‐term survival were analysed in subgroup meta‐analysis. A total of 174 studies enrolling n = 13 308 patients were included with 20 series performed in non‐HTx/VAD centres (1016 patients, 7.8%). Majority of patients underwent V‐A ECLS for post‐cardiotomy shock (44.2%) and acute myocardial infarction (20.7%). Estimated overall in‐hospital mortality was 57.2% (54.9–59.4%). Mortality rates were higher in non‐HTx/VAD [65.5% (59.8–70.8%)] as compared with HTx/VAD centres [55.8% (53.3–58.2%)], P

The article concerns the verification of links between the energy intensity of public urban transport, regional economic development and urbanisation in the light of sustainable development challenges and club convergence processes. Three research questions were formulated in the article: (1) Does the regional economic development of voivodeships affect the energy intensity of public urban transport? (2) Does urbanisation shape energy consumption patterns in public urban transport (and are there agglomeration effects)? (3) Does the level of urbanisation of voivodeships depend on their regional level? The study covered 16 subregions of Poland from 2010 to 2020. A spatial dynamic exploration of the relationships between energy intensity patterns of public urban transport and the phenomenon of urbanisation and regional economic development was carried out. Panel models of vector autoregression and panel causality testing were used. The influence of the economic development of regions and the level of urbanisation on energy intensity patterns of public urban transport was confirmed. The link between economic development and the process of urbanisation was identified. An additional effect was noticed (novelty knowledge), i.e., there is a delayed club convergence between voivodeships in the area of energy intensity of public urban transport, regional economic development and urbanisation (polyconvergence).

Genetic disorders arise from alterations in the hereditary information encoded in DNA, leading to potential detrimental effects on the well-being and vitality of organisms. Within the bovine population, genetic conditions inherited in an autosomal recessive manner are frequently associated with particular breeds. In recent years, several recessive haplotypes and a few causative mutations have been discovered in Holstein cattle: CDH (Holstein cholesterol deficiency), haplotypes with a homozygous deficiency in Holstein (HH1, HH3, HH4, HH5, HH6 and HH7), BLAD (bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency) and DUMPS (deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase). All of these diseases are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. From a breeding perspective, recessive mutations specifically exhibit considerable detrimental effects and are a significant problem for breeders, exposing them to economic losses. Individual mutations can cause embryo death at any stage of pregnancy. Only genetic research and conscious selection of animals for mating will lead to a reduction in the number of carriers and elimination of mutations from the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a hybrid procedure involving mini-invasive tricuspid valve plasty with transvenous lead extraction to address complications associated with cardiac implantable electronic devices. A case study of a 71-year-old woman with severe heart failure and tricuspid regurgitation is presented, detailing the surgical intervention and post-operative outcomes. The importance of collaboration between cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in managing lead-dependent tricuspid dysfunction is emphasized, highlighting the significance of timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment options for such patients. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Nauki o Wychowaniu. Studia Interdyscyplinarne is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Głównym celem artykułu jest opis adaptacji obcych imion męskich w publikacji Erazma Glicznera pt. Odpór na odpowiedź kwestyj niektórych podanych o Kościele Powszechnym […] (Grodzisk Wielkopolski 1579) na tle tendencji, które występowały w dawnej polszczyźnie. W wybranym do analizy tekście występują liczne antroponimy, zarówno te obecne w naszym języku od samego początku, jak również te, które były przyswajane dopiero w czasie powstawania dzieła. Autor Odporu był znanym działaczem reformacyjnym, pełniącym funkcję superintendenta kościołów protestanckich w Wielkopolsce. W badanym dziele podjął polemikę z przedstawicielami kontrreformacji. Przedmiotem sporu uczynił pięć prawd wiary, które, jego zdaniem, zostały niewłaściwie zinterpretowane przez katolików. W celu udowodnienia swoich przekonań autor wielokrotnie przywoływał różne postacie z kręgów religijnych oraz świeckich. Na zapis imion wpływ miało także to, jakie osoby za ich pomocą były identyfikowane. W Odporze spotykamy wszystkie trzy wyróżniane przez badaczy sposoby oddania obcych imion: translokację nazwy, adaptację nazwy oraz tłumaczenie nazwy.

The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of micropulse laser treatment (MLT) compared with the continuous-wave laser (CL) in treating eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in a 12-month follow-up study. Methods: A retrospective observational study included 51 eyes with chronic CSC; 35 eyes were treated with MLT (Group A), and 16 eyes were treated with CL (Group B). We analyzed the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal microstructural changes in spectral optical coherence tomography before the treatment, one and twelve months after the laser procedure. Results: The final mean BCVA was 0.89 ± 0.13 in Group A and 0.71 ± 0.17 in Group B. Photoreceptor length decreased significantly in both groups and amounted 61.2 μm in Group A and 42.9 μm in Group B one year after the treatment. Complete absorption of subretinal fluid twelve months after the laser procedure was noted in 74.3% eyes in Group A and in 87.5% eyes in group B. Hyper-reflective subretinal deposits were observed in 10/35 eyes in Group A but in 15/16 eyes in Group B on the final follow-up visit. Conclusion. MLT-treated patients showed better functional and microstructural results than patients treated with CL.

The subject of this study is inflection of nouns in Książki o wychowaniu dzieci [...] (Cracow 1558) by Erazm Gliczner. The main research aim was verifying progressive of standardisation of the Polish language in comparison to the first part of the sixteenth century. Due to the fact that sixteenth century was a time of the biggest development of Polish language changes were dynamic. Presented research results are only general trends but they show us a progress of normalization. Polish author had a good intuition with regard to developmental tendencies of 16th Polish language. He usually was choosing new variants of inflection forms.

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the face of the ageing of society, the concept of active ageing has become a key problem within European politics. (United Nations, 2002; European Commission, 2006). In recent years, the University of Third Age (U3A) movement has developed very quickly both within Poland and outside our country. In this article, we consider the educational activity of Polish seniors and the influence this has had on their quality of life in selected areas. A qualitative research study was conducted in May 2015 among U3A participants. A collective case study was undertaken (Stake, 2009) to capture the changes in the quality of life in different areas (adaptation to changes, participation in social life, obtaining and providing support, activity, and lifelong education). (Escuder Mollon & Gil, 2014) Despite the undeniably positive influence on the quality of life among seniors the U3A is still not accessible for the average senior because of their location, their material conditions, and their individual readiness to take part in such activities. In Poland there is also a very strong tradition of engaging seniors in the care of their grandchildren, and this in many cases makes it impossible for them to take part in any self-development or self-actualization programs.

This paper presents the synchronisation of economic cycles of GDP and crude oil and oil products cargo volumes in major Polish seaports. On the one hand, this issue fits into the concept of sustainable development including decoupling; on the other hand, the synchronisation may be an early warning tool. Crude oil and oil products cargo volumes are a specific barometer that predicts the next economic cycle, especially as they are primary sources of energy production. The research study applies a number of TRAMO/SEATS methods, the Hodrick–Prescott filter, spectral analysis, correlation and cross-correlation function. Noteworthy is the modern approach of using synchronisation of economic cycles as a tool, which was described in the paper. According to the study results, the cyclical components of the cargo traffic and GDP were affected by the leakage of other short-term cycles. However, based on the cross-correlation, it was proved that changes in crude oil and oil products cargo volumes preceded changes in GDP by 1–3 quarters, which may be valuable information for decision-makers and economic development planners.

Phage vB_SauP_phiAGO1.3 (phiAGO1.3) is a polyvalent Staphylococcus lytic podovirus with a 17.6-kb genome (Gozdek et al., 2018). It can infect most of the Staphylococcus aureus human isolates of dominant clonal complexes. We show that a major factor contributing to the wide host range of phiAGO1.3 is a lack or sparcity of target sites for certain restriction-modification systems of types I and II in its genome. Phage phiAGO1.3 requires for adsorption β-O-GlcNAcylated cell wall teichoic acid, which is also essential for the expression of methicillin resistance. Under certain conditions an exposure of S. aureus to phiAGO1.3 can lead to the establishment of a mixed population in which the bacteria and phages remain in equilibrium over multiple generations. This is reminiscent of the so called phage carrier state enabling the co-existence of phage-resistant and phage-sensitive cells supporting a continuous growth of the bacterial and phage populations. The stable co-existence of bacteria and phage favors the emergence of phage-resistant variants of the bacterium. All phiAGO1.3-resistant cells isolated from the phage-carrier-state cultures contained a mutation inactivating the two-component regulatory system ArlRS, essential for efficient expression of numerous S. aureus virulence-associated traits. Moreover, the mutants were unaffected in their susceptibility to infection with an unrelated, polyvalent S. aureus phage of the genus Kayvirus. The ability of phiAGO1.3 to establish phage-carrier-state cultures did not preclude its antistaphylococcal activity in vivo in an S. aureus nematode infection model. Taken together our results suggest that phiAGO1.3 could be suitable for the therapeutic application in humans and animals, alone or in cocktails with Kayvirus phages. It might be especially useful in the treatment of infections with the majority of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains.

Tribological properties of commercially available silicone-based ceramizable composites were studied. Friction forces of three different types of ceramizable composites were measured against three different-shape steel samples. Each friction pair contact was loaded with 15, 30, 45 or 60 N. Conducted studies reveal that tribological behavior of the composites vary considerably depending on the composite type and friction contact. However, friction force was increasing with an increase of the load, which mean that the composites behave accordingly to the classic friction theory.