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It is observed that many of the highways across India has heavy heterogeneous traffic and because of that traffic volume, the traffic noise pollution induces auditory and non-auditory effects. Noise from transportation is one of the most challenging noise sources to prevent, if not impossible. This pollution is not visible to people but it affects people based on their sound level acceptance. Human being facing auditory noise effect problems in hearing. Traffic noise exposure in residential areas induces hearing problem at the same time non-auditory effects of noise brings in chronic disorder on humans i.e. long-term syndrome likewise annoyance, sleep disturbance, cardiovascular diseases. Traffic noise pollution from roads has shown bad effect on individual's health and life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mahuvan toll plaza is one of the toll plazas on National Highway-44 in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It also happens to be the busiest of the toll plazas in the state. This paper examines the present causes of traffic congestion and proposes remedies to alleviate the situation. MTC (Manual Toll Collection) and ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) are the two charging systems that are responsible for the majority of the delays and queues. This toll plaza has a mixed lane system, which means that both MTC and ETC cars can pass via the same lane at the same time. Aside from that, some more reasons of traffic congestion were discovered with the use of the data collected and a visual on-site assessment. Taking all of these factors into consideration, this study proposes a variety of solutions to these issues. Based on the traffic volumes, it was discovered that the toll booth capacity and the type of toll service had an impact on the operation of the traffic flow and the efficiency of the toll plaza. Several recommended designs for varied traffic conditions and toll plaza setups have been proposed in light of the problems that have been discovered at the Mahuvan Toll Site. It is hoped that this research would be valuable in management and decision-making situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particulate matter, chemical pollutants, and biological contaminants all contribute to air pollution. People getting aware of harmful effects in their health from breathing in polluted air during short-and long-term exposure. Following the results of recent researches, it has been observed that the rick of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases such as chronic, asthma, myocardial infarction, lung cancer, failure of heart and accidents related to cerebrovascular etc. have increased from traffic air pollution. Air pollution makes people more vulnerable especially pregnant women, new-borns. This narrative overview summarizes the most common diseases linked to air pollution exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]