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Background: There are various factors including inflammation that have been studied in bipolar disorder. NLR (Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) and PLR (platelet to lymphocyte ratio) are one of them. Various psychotropic drugs can affect the inflammatory state. Aim: This study was planned to find NLR and PLR in bipolar disorder (mania) and psychotropic drug naïve 1st episode mania. Materials and Methods: Total of 120 subjects were chosen including, 40 bipolar mania, 40 drugs naïve 1st episode mania, and 40 healthy controls. The severity of mania was assessed by the Young Mania Rating Scale. Blood samples were collected in the morning hours in order to get blood counts. Results: A significantly higher values of neutrophil counts and NLR, while the significant lower values of lymphocyte counts in both 1st episode and bipolar mania compared to healthy control were observed. The first episode mania group had significantly higher neutrophil counts and NLR in comparison to bipolar mania. Conclusion: Results suggest a possible inflammatory pathophysiology of mania. Psychotropic medicines may have an anti-inflammatory effect, signified by the fact that 1st episode mania group has a greater level of inflammation in comparison to bipolar mania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptation and resilience practitioners lack guidance on how to understand and manage extreme climate risk using the data available. We present a methodological framework to integrate the satellite as well as location based data sets to estimate extreme climate risk. The framework, in detail, has been demonstration using a study carried out to quantify extreme rainfall risks in India incorporating the influence of global (large scale oscillations) as well as local factors (population, infrastructure, economic activity) in a probabilistic model. We use nonstationary extreme value theory along with Bayesian uncertainty analysis to model the time varying influence of oscillations such as El Niño/Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, and North Atlantic Oscillation in augmenting high rainfall risks in 637 districts across 29 states of India. It is found that at least 50% of the districts in 8 out of 29 states are at high risk. Extreme risk is observed in 198 (~31%) and 249 (~39%) districts caused by heavy downpour and extremely long wet spells, respectively. This study provides a framework to identify local implications of global factors and is aimed at supporting policy makers in framing extreme rainfall‐induced disaster risk reduction strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are various factors including inflammation that have been studied in bipolar disorder. NLR (Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) and PLR (platelet to lymphocyte ratio) are one of them. Various psychotropic drugs can affect the inflammatory state., Aim: This study was planned to find NLR and PLR in bipolar disorder (mania) and psychotropic drug naïve 1 st episode mania., Materials and Methods: Total of 120 subjects were chosen including, 40 bipolar mania, 40 drugs naïve 1 st episode mania, and 40 healthy controls. The severity of mania was assessed by the Young Mania Rating Scale. Blood samples were collected in the morning hours in order to get blood counts., Results: A significantly higher values of neutrophil counts and NLR, while the significant lower values of lymphocyte counts in both 1 st episode and bipolar mania compared to healthy control were observed. The first episode mania group had significantly higher neutrophil counts and NLR in comparison to bipolar mania., Conclusion: Results suggest a possible inflammatory pathophysiology of mania. Psychotropic medicines may have an anti-inflammatory effect, signified by the fact that 1 st episode mania group has a greater level of inflammation in comparison to bipolar mania., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Psychiatry.)