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13. Comparing nocturnal eddy covariance measurements to estimates of ecosystem respiration made by scaling chamber measurements at six coniferous boreal sites

Author

Lavigne, M. B., Ryan, M. G., Anderson, D. E., Baldocchi, D. D., Crill, P. M., Fitzjarrald, D. R., Goulden, M. L., Gower, S. T., Massheder, J. M., McCaughey, J. H., Rayment, M., and Striegl, R. G.

Subjects
plant ecology, instruments and techniques, Biosphere/atmosphere interactions
Abstract

During the growing season, nighttime ecosystem respiration emits 30–100% of the daytime net photosynthetic uptake of carbon, and therefore measurements of rates and understanding of its control by the environment are important for understanding net ecosystem exchange. Ecosystem respiration can be measured at night by eddy covariance methods, but the data may not be reliable because of low turbulence or other methodological problems. We used relationships between woody tissue, foliage, and soil respiration rates and temperature, with temperature records collected on site to estimate ecosystem respiration rates at six coniferous BOREAS sites at half-hour or 1-hour intervals, and then compared these estimates to nocturnal measurements of CO2 exchange by eddy covariance. Soil surface respiration was the largest source of CO2 at all sites (48–71%), and foliar respiration made a large contribution to ecosystem respiration at all sites (25–43%). Woody tissue respiration contributed only 5–15% to ecosystem respiration. We estimated error for the scaled chamber predictions of ecosystem respiration by using the uncertainty associated with each respiration parameter and respiring biomass value. There was substantial uncertainty in estimates of foliar and soil respiration because of the spatial variability of specific respiration rates. In addition, more attention needs to be paid to estimating foliar respiration during the early part of the growing season, when new foliage is growing, and to determining seasonal trends of soil surface respiration. Nocturnal eddy covariance measurements were poorly correlated to scaled chamber estimates of ecosystem respiration (r 2=0.06–0.27) and were consistently lower than scaled chamber predictions (by 27% on average for the six sites). The bias in eddy covariance estimates of ecosystem respiration will alter estimates of gross assimilation in the light and of net ecosystem exchange rates over extended periods.

Published
1997

15. Using Audio-Visual simulation to elicit nursing students’ noticing and interpreting skills to assess pain in culturally diverse patients

Author

Kelly, M.A., Slatyer, S., Myers, H., Gower, S., Mason, J., Lasater, K., Kelly, M.A., Slatyer, S., Myers, H., Gower, S., Mason, J., and Lasater, K.

Abstract

Background Pain is a complex and multi-dimensional phenomenon. Nurses play a vital role in assessing and managing pain and must use sound clinical reasoning to accurately make clinical judgments to notice, interpret and respond to patients’ pain. Method Exploratory research on the impact of a newly developed AV simulation on nursing students' Noticing and Interpreting skills in assessing pain of culturally diverse patients. Data were collected via self-administered pre and post–intervention surveys. Findings The majority of participants were able to identify that the patient was in greater pain than reported, however some participants were unable to notice and interpret the impact of culture during pain assessment. Participants were more aware of the subjectivity of pain (cultural knowledge), and that the strategies learnt would improve their future clinical practice (cultural desire). Conclusion Findings support the need to include AV simulations in the nursing curriculum to enhance student nurses’ cultural awareness, knowledge, and skills regarding pain, all complex factors for making the best clinical judgments to respond to pain.

Published
2022

19. Posters

Author

Cerny, V., Zivny, P., Dostal, P., Parizkova, R., Zabka, L., Hodgson, R. E., Bosenberg, A. T., Hadley, G. P., Spapen, H., Diltoer, M., Suys, E., Borremans, M., Ramet, J., Huyghens, L., Afessa, B., Murphy, R., Hogans, L., Meyers, B., Mentec, H., Gruchet, P., Squara, P., De Jonghe, B., Peillon, I., Sollet, J. P., Bleichner, G., Zivkovic, Z., Mihailovic, S., Jakovljevic, M., Ryan, D. W., Weldon, O. G. W., Gower, S. N., Whiteley, S. M., Bodenham, A., De Robertis, E., Liu, J. M., Svantesson, C., Oahm, P. L., Thöme, J., Blomquist, S., Jonson, B., Pelagatti, C., Barattini, M., Poli, C., Ricupero, L., Olmastroni, M., Pieraccioni, P., Padelletti, M. B., Romagnoli, P., Masi, A., Rossi, G. F., Kurz-Müller, K., Tryba, M., Pelosi, P., Chiumello, D., Croci, M., Gattinoni, L., Kofings, G., Kyriakidis, M., Betrosian, A., Georgiou, L., Toufouzas, P., Lim, C. M., Choi, J. E., Kon, Y., Lee, S. D., Kim, W. S., Park, P. H., Kim, D. S., Kim, W. D., Koh, Y., Jung, B. H., Kim, W. S., Mazzi, S., Petrucci, N., Agostini, F., Vischi, F., Mitic-Milikic, M., Vukcevic, M., Obradovic, Lj. Nagomi, Sekulic, S., Peláez, J., Asensio, M. J., Jiménez, M., Sisón, M., Yus, S., Cerdeño, V., Nishizuka, K., Tashiro, K., Matsumoto, Y., Kobayashi, T., Suzuki, Y., De Blasio, E., De Sio, A., Golia, D., Papa, A., Giurbino, M., Paulone, G., Evangelista, V., Imhoff, M., Greive, H., Lehner, J. H., Löhlein, D., Kelly, K. P., Busch, T., Loge, K., Gerlach, H., Falke, K. J., Rossaint, R., Herreo, S., Suarez, T., Mosácula, J., Lacort, M., Lapuerta, J. A., Guerra, J., Benini, A., Borelli, M., Lampati, L., Acciaro, M., Pesenti, A., Verweij, M., Marcolin, R., Bombino, M., Patroniti, N., Sordi, A., Tsareva, M., Petkoy, I., Kishen, R., Bowles, B. J. M., Thomas, A. N., Geraghty, I. F., Goodall, J., Grasso, S., Giuliani, R., Puntillo, F., Mascia, L., Fiore, T., Brienza, N., Ranieri, V. M., Pavlou, E., Zevla, E., Stavropoulou, M., Papazacharias, Ch., Loannidou, E., González F. X., Rull R., López-Boado M. A., Fábregas N., Alcón A., Moreno L. A., Zavala E., Hering, Ch., Ferrer, M., Masclans, J. R., Castellá, M., Anglés, R., Rodriguez-Roisin, R., Roca, J., Milic-Emili, J., Ferrer M., Polese G., Masclans J. R., Planas M., Milic-Emili J., Roca J., Rossi A., Rodriguez-Roisin R., Masclans, J. R., Planas, M., Bermejo, B., Valls, M., Picó, M., Porta, I., de Latorre, F. J., Rodríguez-Roisin, R., Anglès, R., Ferrer, R., Peracaula, R., Bellamy, M. C., Smith, S. N., Dahm, P. L., Thörne, J., Rossetti, H., Amaral, J. L. G., Amarante, G. A. J., Juliano, Y., Novo, N. F., Resta, O., Guido, P., Picca, V., Foschino, M. P., Lecce, G. A., Affuso, F., Resta, O., Foschino, M. P., Scarpelli, F., Sergi, M., Rizzi, M., Kirby, F., Healy, V., Mannion, D., Sweeney, E., Gil, A., SamPedro, J. M., Hernández, J., Carrizosa, J., Herrero, F., Martin, A., Sandaz, D., Rialp, G., López-Velarde, G., Subirana, M., Bak, E., Santos, J. A., Ormaechea, E., Net, A., Benito, S., Mancebo, J., Vallverdú, I., Rialp, G., Subirana, M., Santos, J. A., Benito, S., Vallverdú, I., Stricker, H., Domenighetti, G., Waldispuehl, B., Feickert, H. J., Kayser, Ch., Sasse, M., Grüning, T., Pappert, D., Merker, G., Steinau, R., Wenz, M., Lange, M., Gerlach, H., Kaczmarczyk, G., De Deyne, C., Decruyenaere, J., Hoste, E., Colardyn, F., Bar-Lavie, Y., Borg, U., Kuramoto, J., Habashi, N., Reynolds, H. N., Walder, B., Bründler, M. A., Spiliopoulos, A., Zürcher, R., Nicod, L., Romand, J. A., Alyoshkin, A. V., Zarubina, T. V., Okhuysen, R. S., Bristow, F., Alpert, B. E., Frates, R. C., De Laat, M., Vermassen, F., Subirana, M., Betbesé, A. J., Pérez, M., Rialp, G., Santos, A., Subirana, M., Subirana, M., Betbesé, A., Subirana, M., Kanhai, J. K. K., Strijdhorst, H., Pompe, J. C., Bruining, H. A., Huygen, P. E. M., Teba, L., Singh, S. G., Dedhia, H. V., Vivaldi, G. Ferrari, Pedersini, G., Cingia, C., Ferrari, M., Marzollo, P., Kunert∼, M., Scheuble∼, L., Johanns’, M., Adnet, F., Benaissa M. L., Bekka R., Plaisance, P., Lapandry, C., Lapostolle, F., Baud, F., Solca, M., Ravagnan, I., Pedoto, A., Piquemal, R., Dequin, P. F., Hazouard E., Legras, A., Perrotin, D., Ginies, G., Calzia, E., Lindner, K. H., Radermacher, P., Steltzer, H., Krafft, P., Krenn, C. G., Fridrich, P., Hammerle, A. F., Gill, R. S., Pappachan, J. V., Young, M. A., Taylor, B. L., Smith, G. B., Lachana, Alexandra, Dimitroula, V., Stergiou, P., Nakos, G., Haberthür, C., Fabry, B., Zappe, D., Volta, C., Gottfried, S., Goldberg, P., Beuret, P., Carton, M. J., De Pasquale, V., Harlay, M. L., Cannamela, A., Ducreux, J. C., Tempelhoff, G., Eremenko, A. A., Chaus, N. I., Levicov, D. I., Bozhieva, L. V., Revuelta, P., Frutos, F., Núñez, C., Garrido, P., Lorenzo, J. M., Tamayo, L., Freire E., Silva A., Caminha J., Carneiro A., Reis E., Rocha N., Lopes M., Paes Cardoso A., Rua F., Young, J. D., Allman, K. G., Wallin, C. -J., Rundgren, M., Eriksson, S., Hjelmqvist, H., Leksell, L. G., Nicolayenko, E. M., Grischenko, A. V., Fomicheva, A. V., Soltan, S. A., Stepanov, N. A., Anaslasaki, M., Agouridakls, P., Katsanoulas, K., Moloudl, E., Chaniotakls, E., Askitopoulou, E., Agouridakis, P., Katsanoulas, K., Lampakis, S., Chaniotaki, F., Groutsou, H., Gregoretti, C., Navaleai, P., Foti, G., Turello, M., Muato, P., Šakić, K., Pećina, M., Šakić, Š, Del Nogal, F., Jiménez, M. J., García, M. A., Suárez, J., Temprano, S., Díaz, R., López, J., Zupancich, E., Turani, F., Tessitore, L., Mastrofrancesco, P., Celeste, G., Curatola, D., Sabato, A. F., Kellv, K. P., Gerlach, H., Ludwigs, U., Sánchez, A., Jiménez, J. M., Guerrero, A., Martínez, S., Chirosa, M., Marín, M., Young, P. J., Rollinson, M., Downward, G., Henderson, S., Mas, A., Martínez, M., Díaz, E., Joseph, D., Baigorri, F., Blanch, LI., Blanch, L., Perez, M., Martinez, M., Betbese, A. J., Subirana, M., Jam, R., Lucangelo, U., Hernández, E., Jam, M. R., Ortiz, D., Ayala, S., Noray, M., Blanch, L. I., Royo, C., Zappe, D., Haberthür, C., Díaz, O., Saldías, F., Andresen, M., Arriagada, D., Dougnac, A., Laterre, P. F., Raynaert, M., Jorquera, R., Florence, E., Espeel, B., Roeseler, J., Capodilupo, G., Reynaert, M. S., Gabrielli, C., Michel, F., Nibbe, L., Kuhlen, R., Hausmann, S., Max, M., Sprenger, M., Haberthür, Ch., Falke, K., Olivei, M., Galbusera, C., Veronesi, R., Palo, A., Comelli, A., Zanierato, M., Iotti, G., Brunner, J. X., Braschi A., Galbusera C., Olivei M., Zanierato M., Rinaldi M., Palo A., Veronesi R., Viganó M., Braschi A., Stopar, T., Danovitch, K., Gursahaney, A., Gottfried, S. B., Reper, P., Danckaert, R., Wybaux, O., Jagodzinski, R., Lampaert, P., Jeunen, R., Vanderkelen, A., Pinder, M., Lipman, J., Hon, H., Low, J. H. S., and Wells, M.

Published
1996
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24. Worldwide Historical Estimates of Leaf Area Index, 1932-2000

Author

Scurlock, J. M. O, Asner, G. P, and Gower, S. T

Subjects
Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
Abstract

Approximately 1000 published estimates of leaf area index (LAI) from nearly 400 unique field sites, covering the period 1932-2000, have been compiled into a single data set. LA1 is a key parameter for global and regional models of biosphere/atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other materials. It also plays an integral role in determining the energy balance of the land surface. This data set provides a benchmark of typical values and ranges of LA1 for a variety of biomes and land cover types, in support of model development and validation of satellite-derived remote sensing estimates of LA1 and other vegetation parameters. The LA1 data are linked to a bibliography of over 300 originalsource references.This report documents the development of this data set, its contents, and its availability on the Internet from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center for Biogeochemical Dynamics. Caution is advised in using these data, which were collected using a wide range of methodologies and assumptions that may not allow comparisons among sites.

Published
2001

30. The Effectiveness and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Clinical Practice: A Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study

Author

Badenoch, A, Gower, S, Badenoch Adam, Sharma Anand, Gower Simon, Selzner Markus, Srinivas Coimbatore, Wąsowicz Marcin, McCluskey Stuart A., Badenoch, A, Gower, S, Badenoch Adam, Sharma Anand, Gower Simon, Selzner Markus, Srinivas Coimbatore, Wąsowicz Marcin, and McCluskey Stuart A.

Abstract

Background. Randomized trials have demonstrated the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements during liver transplantation. However, clinical utilization is limited due to a perceived lack of generalizable effectiveness and concerns regarding its thromboembolic risks. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical use of TXA and to provide a pragmatic reappraisal of its effectiveness and safety. Methods. After ethics approval, data were collected from 1799 consecutive liver transplant recipients between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2015, using retrospectively collected electronic databases. Propensity matching was used to account for confounders of transfusion and thrombotic risk. Exposure was defined as a total TXA dose greater than 10 mg/kg for 50% of the operative duration. Results. After propensity matching, 367 unique pairs were well balanced in terms of all measured covariates. In the matched pairs, patients exposed to TXA received less red blood cell (3 [0, 6] vs 4 [1, 7] P = 0.003) and frozen plasma (6 [2, 10] vs 6 [2, 12], P = 0.032) transfusions. There were no differences in thromboembolic events between the groups (22 [6.0%] vs 36 [9.8%]). Conclusions. TXA appears effective in reducing red blood cell transfusion requirements without increasing the risk of thromboembolic events across a wide variety of liver transplant recipients, including those at low risk of bleeding or high risk of thromboembolic complications. We did not detect evidence of an increased risk of thrombotic complications with TXA exposure.

Published
2017

31. The Effectiveness and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Clinical Practice: A Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study

Author

Badenoch A, Sharma A, Gower S, Selzner M, Srinivas C, Wąsowicz M, McCluskey SA, Badenoch A, Sharma A, Gower S, Selzner M, Srinivas C, Wąsowicz M, and McCluskey SA

Abstract

Background. Randomized trials have demonstrated the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements during liver transplantation. However, clinical utilization is limited due to a perceived lack of generalizable effectiveness and concerns regarding its thromboembolic risks. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical use of TXA and to provide a pragmatic reappraisal of its effectiveness and safety. Methods. After ethics approval, data were collected from 1799 consecutive liver transplant recipients between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2015, using retrospectively collected electronic databases. Propensity matching was used to account for confounders of transfusion and thrombotic risk. Exposure was defined as a total TXA dose greater than 10 mg/kg for 50% of the operative duration. Results. After propensity matching, 367 unique pairs were well balanced in terms of all measured covariates. In the matched pairs, patients exposed to TXA received less red blood cell (3 [0, 6] vs 4 [1, 7] P = 0.003) and frozen plasma (6 [2, 10] vs 6 [2, 12], P = 0.032) transfusions. There were no differences in thromboembolic events between the groups (22 [6.0%] vs 36 [9.8%]). Conclusions. TXA appears effective in reducing red blood cell transfusion requirements without increasing the risk of thromboembolic events across a wide variety of liver transplant recipients, including those at low risk of bleeding or high risk of thromboembolic complications. We did not detect evidence of an increased risk of thrombotic complications with TXA exposure.

Published
2017

32. Water-Budget Evaluation of Prairie and Maize Ecosystems

Author

Brye, K. R., Norman, J. M., Bundy, L. G., and Gower, S. T.

Subjects
Soil moisture -- Research, Agriculture -- Environmental aspects, Biotic communities -- Environmental aspects, Corn -- Environmental aspects, Earth sciences
Abstract

Annual monitoring of water-budget components is useful for comparing the fate of water inputs among ecosystems. Land-use changes from natural prairies to managed agroecosystems alter water-budget components. Weekly hydrological budgets for a restored natural prairie and maize (Zea mays L.) agroecosystems (no-tillage and chisel-plow) were constructed for 132 consecutive wk between June 1995 and January 1998. Precipitation, drainage, soil water-storage changes, and snow-cover changes were measured on Piano silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudoll) at agricultural and prairie sites. Compared with the maize ecosystems, the prairie maintained greater soil water contents deeper in the soil profile (0.8-1.4 m), somewhat larger evapotranspiration (Et), and significantly less drainage because of considerable interception of precipitation by a residue layer. Soil water storage in the no-tillage maize setting was more similar to the prairie, while Et, net primary productivity, and drainage were more comparable to the chisel-plow agroecosystem. Total drainage measured with equilibrium-tension lysimeters was 199 mm of water (coefficient of variation [CV] = 5.7%) for the prairie ecosystem, 563 mm of water (CV = 13.6%) for the no-tillage maize ecosystem, and 793 mm of water (CV = 18.5%) for the chisel-plow maize ecosystem. Residue interception for the prairie was 477 mm, compared with 681 mm of precipitation during the growing season of 1997, which contributed to lower prairie drainage. The combination of similar productivity, higher soil water contents, and less drainage than the chisel-plow ecosystem suggests that a no-tillage ecosystem is more sustainable than the chisel-plow agroecosystem in terms of reducing potential adverse environmental impacts associated with soil water movement.

Published
2000

33. Markers of perceived managerial success within the Tanzanian nursing profession

Author

Jones, M., Boldy, Duncan, Mella, P., Gower, S., Jones, M., Boldy, Duncan, Mella, P., and Gower, S.

Abstract

© 2015 The Authors. This study explores the views of nurse managers in Tanzania regarding desirable attributes for effective management of their health services. The mixed method study utilised an initial questionnaire (n = 78) and subsequent responses from two semi-structured focus group interviews (n = 14) with purposive samples of consenting nurse managers who had completed the original questionnaire. Overall, 'Skills' were considered the most important dimension, followed by 'Knowledge and Learning'. Specific skills, such as decision making, were considered essential. Culture was perceived to be a key influence on management potential, with education providing a pathway to overcome early and subsequent barriers. A lack of delegation was highlighted. An overall transactional style perpetuates as a means of maximising scant resources which impedes trust and sharing of power through delegation. The provision of culturally appropriate management education, relevant to the local context, is essential for the development of nursing in Tanzania.

Published
2015

35. Enhanced recovery after surgery program for elective abdominal surgery at three Victorian hospitals.

Author

Thompson E, Gower S, Beilby D, Sophie S, Tomlinson S, Guest G, Richard R, Serpell J, Myles P, Thompson, E G E, Gower, S T, Beilby, D S, Wallace, S, Sophie, S, Tomlinson, S, Guest, G D, Cade, R, Richard, R, Serpell, J S, and Myles, P S

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anaesthesia care of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program for patients having abdominal surgical in Victorian hospitals. The main outcome measure was the number of ERAS items implemented following introduction of the ERAS program. Secondary endpoints included process of care measures, outcomes and hospital stay. We used a before-and-after design; the control group was a prospective cohort (n=154) representing pre-existing practice for elective abdominal surgical patients from July 2009. The introduction of a comprehensive ERAS program took place over two months and included the education of surgeons, anaesthetists, nurses and allied health professionals. A post-implementation cohort (n=169) was enrolled in early 2010. From a total of 14 ERAS-recommended items, there were significantly more implemented in the post-ERAS period, median 8 (interquartile range 7 to 9) vs 9 (8 to 10), P <0.0001. There were, however, persistent low rates of intravenous fluid restriction (25%) and early removal of urinary catheter (31%) in the post-ERAS period. ERAS patients had less pain and faster recovery parameters, and this was associated with a reduced hospital stay, geometric mean (SD) 5.7 (2.5) vs 7.4 (2.1) days, P=0.006. We found that perioperative anaesthesia practices can be readily modified to incorporate an enhanced recovery program in Victorian hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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36. Design and preliminary results of a prototype HTS SMES device

Author

Hawley, Christopher J, Gower, S. A., Hawley, Christopher J, and Gower, S. A.

Abstract

The University of Wollongong (UOW) has developed the design for a 20 kJ high transition temperature Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) device, and constructed a nominally 2.5 kJ prototype. The coil for the prototype was wound using High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) BSCCO-2223 tape. It was refrigerated to 20 K using a gaseous helium cold head cryocooler. The SMES device has been constructed as a prototype for a larger commercially realizable system, and hence is capable of supplying a 3-phase load during voltage sags or short (s) power interruptions. This paper discusses the modeling and design of the electromagnetic and thermal aspects of the coil, the Power Control Circuit (PCC), current leads and cryogenic system. Also presented are preliminary results of the SMES coil, cryogenics, and system energy storage and delivery capabilities.

Published
2005

39. Development of a high power microwave plasma beam applicator

Author

Gower, S. A. and Gower, S. A.

Abstract

An efficient plasma beam applicator has been developed that utilizes countercurrent cooling techniques to operate at atmospheric pressure and at microwave powers in excess of 5 kW. The device has been operated continuously for tens of hours and shows no signs of degradation. Argon is used as the discharge gas and once initiated, the plasma is self-sustaining. The beam or jet of plasma is highly collimated with a beam diameter of 3 mm, is in excess of 250 mm in length, and has high heat capacity. It could potentially be used to melt industrial ceramics such as silica and alumina, but the immediate intended use is for sheet steel welding applications.

Published
2001

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