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Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) among CVDs is the largest killer in the developed world and is rapidly becoming one in the developing countries. CAD is a leading cause of mortality, morbidity and disability with high healthcare costs. Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted to assess epidemiological factors of Coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients. First case was selected randomly then further every case was selected till 300 study subjects were covered. Results: Mean age of the study subjects of coronary artery disease (CAD) was studied in the present study and found to be 54.79±1.146. Majority of study subjects of coronary artery disease. 110 (36.67%) were current smokers. In the present study, study subjects of CAD were found to be decreasing with increasing level of education. Conclusions: The findings of present study suggest that a number of modifiable risk factors and non modifiable risk factors are responsible for Coronary artery disease like age, past history of diseases, education level.

Background: Diabetes education, with improvement in knowledge, attitudes and skills, leads to better control of the disease. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge of diabetic patients about symptoms, risk factors, complications and prevention . Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out to define level of knowledge regarding diabetes among diabetic patients attending IPD and OPD from Geetanjali medical college and hospital in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, during the study period of 1 st December 2015 to 30 th May 2016. A pre-constructed and pre tested questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge. Results: Among 300 respondents, males and females constituted 45% and 55% respectively. 96.0% aged ≥30 years. Nearly one third of patients were illiterates. About 64.3% of the patients have been diabetic since more than 5 years and majority of them 91.7% were of type II. Positive family history of diabetes was reported in 70% of patients. It was found that every patient under study knew that both genders could be involved with diabetes. The assessment regarding the knowledge of diabetes was good and they were having good knowledge about symptoms, risk factors and complications of diabetes. They also knew about the lifestyle which can prevent from diabetes . Conclusions: The overall average knowledge regarding diabetes was found among participants. Thus, still there is a need to provide periodic health education to the diagnosed patients so that this knowledge-application gap is narrowed down.

Background: Immunization is a highly cost effective way of improving child survival, however it is estimated that every year, at least 27 million children worldwide do not receive the basic package of immunizations. In India, immunization services are offered free in public health facilities, but the immunization rate remains low. The Routine Immunization schedule includes BCG, OPV, DPT, hepatitis B, and measles vaccines. Now heamophillus influenza B, DPT and hepatitis B are given combined as a pentavalent vaccine since September 2014 in Rajasthan. Objectives of the study are, to determine immunization coverage status of infants and to know about socio-demographic factors influencing infant immunization. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 210 caretakers and infants of 12-23 months old selected by applying the 30 × 7 cluster sampling method in block Malpura during the period of March 2015 to April 2015. Only one infant was selected from each care taker. Results: It was observed that 149 (70.96%) of the subjects had complete immunization while 50 (23.80%) had partial and 11 (5.24%) had no immunization coverage. Complete immunization was observed better in Hindu families of 121 (81.20%) subjects. Literacy status of parents is related to high immunization coverage as observed that 105 (70.47%) mothers and 111 (74.49%) fathers were literate out of 149 completely immunized subjects. Immunization coverage was observed better among children delivered at institutions as 132 (88.59%) out of 149 completely immunized subjects delivered at institutions whereas 23 (46%) from partially immunized and 06 (54.54%) from non-immunized were delivered at home. The commonest reason among partial and non-immunized infant was sickness 22 (36.06%) of elder sibling as a result of the previous vaccination followed by 20 (32.07%) of the sickness of beneficiary at the time of vaccination. Conclusions: There is good immunization coverage observed in this rural block but to achieve the goal of vaccine preventable diseases and the millennium development goal of reducing child mortality, we have to strengthen routine immunization services and also to motivate the community as well as health care providers to follow the National Immunization Programme.

Background: A new strain of Corona virus, presently known as Covid-19, belongs to the family of Corona viruses that originated in animals, has not previously been identified in humans. The high infectivity of the disease led to the third Corona virus outbreak in the last 20 years after the SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome MERS-CoV.Methods: It was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study at GMC, Kota Hospital, conducted from 5 April to 10 May 2020. All the positive patients who were residents of Kota and diagnosed and admitted at Government Medical College (GMC), Kota were selected for this study. A pretested and structured questionnaire was used. Data were entered, processed and analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: Out of total 251 included patients, 162 Males and 89 Females. The most affected containment zones were Chandraghata, Suket, Bhimganjmandi and Anantpura. The mass Sampling was satisfactory in Chandraghata, Bhimganjmandi and Anantpura. Seventy one percent of first follow up sample were negative which was increased on subsequent follow up sample. Only 10 Patients died with the case fatality rate of 03.98%. Twenty five percent patients became follow up positive even though their first follow up sample was negative.Conclusions: Males were more affected then females. Maximum number of cases belonged to 20-50 years of age. Sampling pattern was not uniform. The results do not justify labelling to the asymptomatic/mild Covid-19 positive patient as cured just after the first follow up negative. Most common co-morbidities in fatal Covid-19 patients were diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: To achieve the goal of Millennium Development Goal 2 (universal education), 3 (gender equality and women empowerment) and, 5 (improving maternal health), it is important that there is effective menstrual hygiene and knowledge among adolescent girls since it has direct and indirect effects both to achieve the MDG and to promote the reproductive health. A study was carried out among the school going adolescents in UHTC (Urban Health Training centre) and RHTC (Rural Health Training centre) area of Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan with the following aims and objectives, Status of knowledge of school going adolescent girls about menstruation and their practice during menstruation. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and practices regarding menstruation among school going adolescents.Methods: It was a school based descriptive cross sectional study conducted from November 2016 to March 2017. The school was selected randomly in RHTC and UHTC area of GMC, Kota. A pretested and structured questionnaire was used. Data was entered, processed and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: In this study there were 300 girl students (150 each from RHTC and UHTC area schools), of which 55.33% had menarche at the age of 13 years, 66.00% of girls were aware about menstruation before the menarche whereas 91.67% of girls heard about the sanitary napkins, most of the girls (81.00%) had got the knowledge about menses from their mother, 62.67% of girls heard about the menstrual hygiene and for practices observed, 65.67% girls were using sterilized sanitary napkins and 42.00% of girls burn the waste material. Conclusions: Traditional beliefs regarding menstruation still persist and menstrual hygiene among the adolescents was found to be unsatisfactory. It highlights the need of targeted interventions to raise awareness and provision of family health education package to all girls. Menstrual hygiene is an issue that needs to be addressed at all levels.

Background: Obesity is one of today’s most neglected public health problems. Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems. Obesity causes cluster of non-communicable diseases and creating an enormous socioeconomic and public health burden. Methods: School based cross-sectional study was done in Udaipur city of Rajasthan. Simple random sampling method was used to obtain 1000 study subjects. Questionnaire included their general information, factor contributing to overweight and obesity. Results: 500 (50.00%) subjects were from the government schools and 500 (50.00%) from private schools. Among study participants 336 (33.60%), 332 (33.20%) and 332 (33.20%) were from 8th, 9th and 10th class respectively. 8.20% Overweight and 2.40% obesity found among school children. Overweight and obesity was found high in private schools 14.00% as compared to government schools 7.20%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is slightly more in girls 12.60% than boys 8.60%. Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight and obesity is more than 10% in school children of Udaipur city, The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high among girls, among school children’s whose mother were working.

The present paper deals with a two unit cold standby system, in which the failure of an operating unit is subject to random shock and internal stress. After each repair, a unit is sent for inspection to decide whether the repaired unit is perfect or imperfect. If the repaired unit is found to be imperfect, then it goes for post repair. Using regenerative point technique several effective measures of reliability are obtained.

The present paper investigates a stochostic model of a two-unit warm standby system with a single repair facility. Before repair, the failed unit is sent for fault detection to decide whether it failed due to machine defect or critical human error. The probability of having machine defect and C.H.E. has been fixed. Using the regenerative point technique in the Markov renewal process various measures of system effectiveness are obtained.