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Governmental subsidy policy and channel information structure have substantial effects on supply chain emission reduction, operations and marketing decisions. In this paper, we use game theory to study the interplay of government subsidizing arrangement and information asymmetry on manufacturers' emission reduction and retailers' low-carbon promotion. Suppose realistically that the investment coefficients for manufacturers' emission reduction levels and retailer' low-carbon promotion levels are their respective private information. Among diverse governmental subsidy schemes, we find dual subsidizing are the best choice for the defined level of total subsidy under information asymmetry, while it is not always the best choice if the total subsidy level is uncertain. Under information asymmetry, the results show that manufacturer have no incentive to lie under any subsidy policy. However, the retailer has incentive to misrepresent individual information and its misreporting behaviour is related to the coefficient and allocation ratio of governmental subsidies. On this basis, we illustrate that a screening model can be deployed to reduce the negative effects of information asymmetry on supply chain operations. We therefore propose the method of improving the performance of low-carbon supply chains under various situations of information asymmetry and governmental subsidizing schemes to achieve system-wide Pareto improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Journalistic activity in Kazakhstan is a complex system that occupies an important place in the development and promotion of a national modernized model of public consciousness. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the development of the communicative model of the periodical press of Kazakhstan. The following methods were used to achieve the objectives: systematization, survey, and comparative. The results of the study determined that journalistic activity manifests itself in both professional and civil contexts, while outlining the saturation of content on the Internet. The survey of correspondents and journalists determined that the most influential topic that forms the public consciousness of Kazakhs is politics. Due to the active promotion of innovative technologies and the Internet, the media market is overflowing with various information, including fake, which negatively affects the consciousness of society. In order to effectively create a national model of society, representatives of the mass media must adhere to the principles of ethics, and actively promote the fight against fake information together with government agencies and society. The practical significance lies in the use of the results of the study by academics and specialists in journalism and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic took place against the backdrop of growing political polarization and distrust in institutions. Did deficiencies in government performance further erode trust? Did citizens' ideology interfere with how they processed information on government performance? To investigate, we conducted a pre‐registered online experiment in Spain in November 2020. The treatment group was provided with information on the number of contact tracers in their region, a policy under the control of regional governments. We find that individuals greatly overestimate the number of contact tracers. When we provide the actual number, we find declines in trust in governments, willingness to fund public institutions, and COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance. We also find that individuals endogenously change their attribution of responsibilities when receiving the treatment. In regions where the regional and central governments are ruled by different parties, sympathizers of the regional incumbent react to the negative news on performance by attributing greater responsibility to the central government. We call this the 'blame‐shifting effect'. In these regions, the negative information does not reduce voting intention for the regional incumbent government. These results suggest that political accountability may be particularly difficult in settings with high polarization and where areas of responsibility are not clearly delineated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Māori data sovereignty, an extension of Indigenous data sovereignty, is gaining recognition as a vital element of data-related strategy, management, policy, and culture in New Zealand. Driven by the principles of tino-rangatiratanga and Te Tiriti o Waitangi, Māori data sovereignty emphasizes Māori self-determination and control over their data. This article explores the significance of Māori data sovereignty within public and private sector organizations in New Zealand through interviews with data experts. The outcomes of this research highlight the importance of building relationships based on trust (whanaungatanga), asserting the right to self-determination (rangatiratanga), working collectively for the benefit of all (kotahitanga), and promoting learning and capacity building (akoranga) as key principles of Māori data sovereignty. While there is a growing recognition of Māori data sovereignty, power imbalances and the need for greater education and awareness persist. The study emphasizes the need for organizations to embrace a kaupapa Māori lens and tikanga Māori values to foster inclusive data cultures that uphold the rights and aspirations of Māori communities. Collaboration and further research are essential to advance Māori data sovereignty and integrate its principles into information policies and practices across sectors, thus promoting a data culture that respects Indigenous rights and collective well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Method Results Discussion Conclusion Citation analysis studies the use of citations found in various types of publications, including the use of government information, and can provide insight into research utilisation in nursing literature.Using citation analysis, this study examines the use, prevalence and jurisdiction of government information use among seven nursing research journals based on ranking criteria. Government information citations were identified across three types of articles: editorials, reviews and research articles.Nearly two‐thirds of the articles in this study cite some form of government information, and the average percentage of government citations is 5.38 of all citations. Government information was identified from national governments, inter‐governmental organizations and state and regional governments.Understanding the use, prevalence and jurisdiction of government information informs health information professionals allowing them to engage with nursing students and researchers about this important type of information and the types of articles that use government information.Nursing researchers frequently cite government information in their work. This has implications for librarians, nursing researchers and health professionals. Understanding the intersection of government information and nursing research should inform future practice in evidence‐based nursing research and nursing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the principle of transparency as a cornerstone of the rule of law and a deterrent to power misuse. Effective and efficient means must be used to ensure access to government information. However, under EU and Czech law, persons legally bound to provide information are entitled to request reimbursements of their costs. Such fees may be requested in an amount specified by law, namely for excessive information search which usually form the most significant part of the fees charged. Contrarily, the Tromsø Convention does not allow for reimbursement of extensive search. This article investigates whether these fees impede access to information. The Czech Supreme Administrative Court's and Constitutional Court's case law defining the conditions under which reimbursement of costs may be requested is analysed. Further, current administrative practice of ministries and regional authorities is compared, highlighting considerable disparities in their fee schedules. The article scrutinizes the amount of fees collected, which is rather insignificant and posits that the principle of effectiveness, which initially justified these charges, has been superseded in the digital age. The research, which has both national and EU-wide implications, concludes that it would be beneficial to abolish all fees. This recommendation also applies to other countries with a similar approach to information access. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for both the scientific community and practical applications in the field of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freedom of information (FOI) rose to saliency in the early Cold War period as the presidency grappled with controlling what government information was made public or available to Congress. A lack of formal structures and authority provided presidents with the opportunity to unilaterally shape new policies and structures. One such structure was the Office of Strategic Information (OSI), created by a National Security Council directive and housed in the Commerce Department. Congress utilized its oversight power by creating the Moss Subcommittee on Government Information to investigate these new policies and structures. Over a 4‐year period in the mid‐1950s, an interbranch power struggle emerged over what authority existed within the executive branch to deny information and testimony to Congress. OSI is one example in a larger context of FOI that left Congress seeking to clarify executive authority within existing statutes and among new structures, leading to the passage of the first freedom of information law in 1958. Original archival research is used to provide insight into the complexities of governing in a separation of powers system. This early case study informs contemporary politics on congressional access to executive information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public engagement is important in sustaining public health through an effective risk communication process with e-government applications. By integrating seeking health risk information, social media competence, and trust in government information into the protective theory model, this study examines public engagement in adopting e-government applications for health risk communication in order to achieve sustainable public health practices with self-protective discipline. By applying the convenience sampling method, this study has collected 230 sample data and analysed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling Technique. The results indicated that perceived severity and response efficacy have a significant influence on risk information-seeking behaviour. Social media competence and trust in government information were found to significantly determine the intention to adopt e-government applications to interact with the government for risk communication. The findings suggest that it is crucial for the government to establish trust and enhance the publics' digital competence so as to increase the effectiveness of risk communication through the application of e-government services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Members of Sigma Delta Chi (SDX), the largest journalism professional organization based in the United States, engaged in advocacy for transnational freedom of information and press freedom in Cuba between 1959 and 1962, between the Cuban Revolution and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Analysis of archival sources—including SDX member records, correspondence, and declassified government reports—and content in the official SDX magazine, reveals three themes: justifying a Latin America section with a primary focus on Cuba, the throttling of the free flow of information in and from Cuba, and documenting transnational flows of propaganda from Cuba and news from United States-based Cuban exiles to Cuba. Communist threats to reporters and democratic news organizations increased, and news management from the Cuban government and US government influenced information flows during this period. These findings add to the histories on free press advocacy abroad, cross-border journalism, and international press-politics in the context of US and Cuba relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Públic is the property of Revista Catalana de Dret Public and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study uses survey data from Kyoto citizens in Japan to examine the factors affecting citizen evaluations of local government finances. In particular, it probes whether information delivery alters citizen perceptions of government finances. In the pre-information condition, findings indicate that citizens who rate performance, compliance and respect for rights, and accessibility to government information evaluate government finances more highly. The impact of information delivery formed the focus of this inquiry, and the results confirmed the learning effect of the modification of citizen perceptions after accurate financial information was received. Those who have higher or lower prior beliefs about the government are also more likely to revise their beliefs in cases of overestimation or underestimation when provided with information based on accurate fiscal indicators. In addition, when information is provided to citizens who have low accessibility to government information, they are more likely than other citizens to improve their evaluation. This study offers key directions for the exploration of the learning effects of information delivery by local governments and recommends methods for constructing desirable relationships between citizens and governments through such efforts. Points for practitioners This study elucidates the learning effects of the information provided by government officials on citizens. The finding that citizens dissatisfied with their access to government information evaluate the government more highly after receiving accurate information from the government is particularly significant. In addition, citizens focus on the performance of services provision, adherence to established rules and observance of the rights granted to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information collection is key to digital governance, yet few studies have investigated how specific factors associated with information collection affect public attitudes and supportive behavior tendencies. Using information collection through facial recognition technology as the research scenario, this study explores the mechanism that drives public support of information collection on the basis of questionnaire data collected from 1,116 individuals in China via a 2 (government platform vs. enterprise platform) * 2 (explicitly informed vs. tacitly agreed) survey experimental design. It was found that information collection in urban digital transformation strengthened supportive behavior tendencies, and public attitudes played a mediating role in the relationship between the two. Specifically, information collection on a government platform is more likely to increase supportive behavior tendencies than information collection on an enterprise platform. Information collection via tacit agreement is more likely to increase supportive behavior tendencies than information collection via explicitly informed consent. This study has implications for understanding public behavioral choices under contrasting information collection strategies and for promoting the realization of coproduction between the government, the enterprise, and the public in a way that enhances the value of collected data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between the corruption of local officials and news sentiment regarding publicly listed Chinese firms. We find that corruption crackdowns lead to lower sentiment scores for released news. Moreover, we observe an underlying mechanism that corruption crackdown discourages firms from hoarding bad news, resulting in a lower sentiment score for released news. In addition, we find that firms that politically depend on local government and information asymmetry problems record lower news sentiment scores after corruption crackdowns. Overall, our results indicate that the local political environment is key in determining news sentiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a sample of comment letters issued and disclosed by the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges in China from 2015 to 2019 and empirically investigates the impact of comment letters on the cost of equity capital. The results show that the cost of equity capital raises after firms receive comment letters. However, when repeating the analysis using comment letters issued but undisclosed between 2013 and 2014, the observed effect dissipates, indicating an information disclosure channel. Moreover, the cost of equity capital is higher when the letters include more questions and demand independent opinions from auditors. Cross‐sectional tests show that this effect is influenced by investor protection, corporate information environment, and internal control quality. Additional tests show a negative association between the receipt of comment letters and both the likelihood and the amount of seasoned equity offerings, which can be attributed to the elevated cost of equity. Overall, our paper not only underscores the importance of public disclosure of government regulatory information, but also provides empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of regulation by stock exchanges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs an institutional approach to examine and explain donor‐giving to a government during emergencies. Using data from 120 countries during Covid‐19 and other sources, we tested a process transparency explanation against a performance transparency perspective. We find that a donor's decision to give to a government during emergencies is likely influenced by the availability and quality of process‐oriented fiscal information, not past performance or impact information of the government. This result indicates that it is important for governments, especially those without proper transparency institutions and practice, to establish reporting measures in process‐oriented information such as revenue sources, spending directions, and debt levels during emergencies. These insights have significant theoretical and policy implications for countries, especially developing countries, to develop government transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various factors restrict the forward movement of blockchain technology (BT) in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. These factors frequently interact and change over time. Thus, conducting continual research and recognizing the crucial factors to establish focused policies and strategies for progress are essential. To tackle this issue, this paper puts forward a theoretical research model of the system dynamics of BT development in the AEC industry from a dynamic research perspective. This research model incorporates the technology–organization–environment framework and the technology acceptance model. The research results show that the development trend of BT within the AEC industry follows an overall S-shape. To varying degrees, the key influencing factors at the technological, organizational, and environmental levels can promote the development of BT. Furthermore, the paper analyzes promotion strategies for the key influencing factors at these three levels. We found that promoting organizational drive significantly impacted improving the effect of BT development. For instance, promoting organizational drive twice could improve the effect by 6.85%. On the other hand, promoting technological factors had a lesser effect; doubling that promotion resulted in an improvement of only 4.53%. Additionally, in the initial phases of BT development, its maturity, compatibility, and adoption cost play a more pronounced effect in determining the level of its development. The research findings aim to enable analyzing the key factors that influence AEC industry development by leveraging BT. This analysis provides the government with the necessary information to create policies that relate to BT. It also shows how adopting this technology can help businesses to reduce costs and improve efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the Presidential Decree, central and local governments must implement electronic-based government systems or sistem pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (SPBE). However, the independent implementations have created various similar applications to support the same field of governmental activities. The situation creates difficulties in achieving effectiveness, integration, sustainability, efficiency, accountability, interoperability, and security of governmental services. Therefore, a common application will be developed for each governmental activity to improve interoperability and data integration. On the other hand, central or local governments must consider the suitable implementation of their public service information systems. This manuscript guides the determination of alternatives using cost, benefit, and risk analysis. We use the proposed guidance for a case study because sistem pengelolaan pengaduan pelayanan publik nasional-layanan aspirasi dan pengaduan online rakyat (SP4NLAPOR!) has been regulated as the common application for Public Service Complaints Management using PermenPANRB No. 680, 2020. The application of the proposed guidance shows that it can help the stakeholder quantitatively decide on an alternative implementation of the application for the public service complaints management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the assessment presented below is to determine the level of functioning of communes in the opinion of village heads on the basis of selected aspects such as commune management, the creation of a vision and strategy for the commune, and the introduction of modern management concepts. This assessment will be used at a later stage to formulate directions for further action for the selected communes and the possibility of making changes in specific areas of their functioning. Design/methodology/approach: The research results presented herein are based on surveys conducted in 2021 and 2022 in two rural communes: Janów Podlaski and Przywidz. In addition to the key questions, the survey questionnaire included a summary that included questions related to the length of time a village head has served in this position and the length of time that person has lived in the commune. At present, the results of the surveys are no longer valid in the two communes, but some of the data are included in the parer to show the differences. Conclusions: The results from the surveys provide important information for the local government, which should be used with the aim of improving the functioning of the commune and creating a concept of development in the future of the commune. Research limitations/implications: In the following assessment, the opinions of village heads from two different communes located in different provinces of Poland are contrasted. It is advisable to carry out similar surveys in villages located in one district or province to assess the functioning of the commune from a similar social area. Social implications: The results show a different perspective on the assessment of the functioning of communes from the point of view of village heads, who head villages which constitute communes’ auxiliary units. An analysis of their point of view on commune management indicates the need for real change and taking into account the grassroots initiatives of commune residents, rather than top-down local government policies. Originality/value: conducting surveys among village heads to obtain information about the functioning of communes is way to determine an indirect response that comes from the local community. The results of the study should be addressed to the executive and resolution-passing bodies of the commune-level government, which are responsible for the management and functioning of the lowest-level unit of local government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractChina’s 2008 national regulation on open government information (OGI) triggered a new wave of administrative litigation against governments calling for their release of classified information. Many scholars have debated the effects of OGI regulation and litigation on government accountability. Thus, this study examines 19,076 first instance OGI cases from 2008 to 2018 and proposes a typology of accountbility to explore whether and how information transparency can strengthen authoritarian accountability in China. The data suggests that information transparency boosts the amount of litigation and increases the plaintiffs’ winning rates against the state, which seems to fit the conventional-wisdom However, the interpretation of such patterns needs to incorporate two contingent conditions. First, China’s OGO litigation centers around urbanization-related disputes, such as housing demolition and land acquisition. The data futher reveals that urbanization stimulates OGI litigation but decreases the plaintiffs’ winning rates, and information transparency also has no impacts or even negative association with their winning rates, suggesting that OGI litigation mainly serves as a channel to release public grievances (as pressure-releasing accountbility). Second, our data also shows that plaintiffs’ winning rates are much higher when citing procedural clauses than content clauses in the OGI Regulation, suggesting authoritarian accountability is more procedural than substantive. Our findings offer a nuanced discussion on authoritarian information governance and accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the difference-in-difference (DID) method to test the impact of government audits on analysts' forecast accuracy. The empirical results show that after government audit announcements, analysts' earning forecast accuracy of listed companies controlled by audited state-owned enterprises is significantly improved, while optimistic forecast bias and stock recommendation ratings are significantly lowered. Among them, the impact of operation and management issues on analysts' forecast accuracy is more significant, while the impact of financial and accounting issues on analysts' stock recommendation ratings is more significant. These indicate that government audit announcements have information effect and transmits companies' incremental information to capital market. The conclusions pass the sensitivity tests and robustness tests. This paper not only enriches the literature on the relationship between government behavior and capital market, but also provides empirical support for the impact of government regulation on capital market efficiency. Plain Language Summary: While existing research mainly study the factors that influence analysts' forecast accuracy from the perspectives of information disclosure, corporate governance, and information intermediaries, etc., this paper explores the impact of government audit announcements on analysts' forecast accuracy from the perspective of government regulation. Using a textual analysis approach, we examine the impact of different information components in government audit announcements on analysts' earnings forecasts. We find that the impact of operation and management issues on analysts' forecast accuracy is more significant, while the impact of financial and accounting issues on analysts' stock recommendation ratings is more significant. This paper not only enriches the literature on the relationship between government behavior and capital market, but also provides empirical support for the impact of government regulation on capital market efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this article is to analyze the current state of information legislation of Ukraine implemented by state bodies and local governments. The problems and reasons for the lack of information of local government residents, as well as the lack of legislative regulation, will be thoroughly examined. An important point will be the study of the Act of Ukraine No. 2657-XII "On information" regarding the possibility of access to information, protection of rights to information as well as inference of responsibility for violations of the law. Due to the continuous improvement of communication and information technologies, ways to overcome the low interest of municipalities in providing information and proposals and ways to improve the quality of providing services to the population will be proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to determine the effects of socioeconomic and healthcare factors on the performance of controlling COVID-19 in both the Southern and Southeastern United States. This analysis will provide government agencies with information to determine what communities need additional COVID-19 assistance, to identify counties that effectively control COVID-19, and to apply effective strategies on a broader scale. The statistical analysis uses data from 328 counties with a population of more than 65,000 from 13 states. We define a new response variable by considering infection and mortality rates to capture how well each county controls COVID-19. We collect 14 factors from the 2019 American Community Survey Single-Year Estimates and obtain county-level infection and mortality rates from USAfacts.org. We use the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to fit a multiple linear regression model and develop an interactive system programmed in R shiny to deliver all results. The interactive system at https://asa-competition-smu.shinyapps.io/COVID19/ provides many options for users to explore our data, models, and results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do governments make concessions to some rebels but not others? We argue that the origins of rebel groups influence the bargaining process, and the government's willingness to make concessions in particular. Rebel groups inherit different resource endowments – community ties and military expertise – from pre-existing "parent" organizations. These resource endowments are visible to the government, and they provide critical information about the likely durability of the rebellion. We expect that rebel group origins facilitating these endowments are associated with the state offering concessions earlier in the conflict. Employing original data on rebel group origins, as well as information on government concessions during post-Cold War African conflicts, we find general support for our expectations, although not all types of parent organizations are equally beneficial to rebel groups when it comes to extracting concessions from the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Business Law Journal / Administração de Empresas em Revista is the property of Administracao de Empresas em Revista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intangible digital technologies have advanced significantly over the past few decades. We examine the effects of government digital economy procurement programs on rural household entrepreneurship using data from the Chinese Household Finance Survey, China Grassroots Governance Survey, and Chinese government procurement data from 2015 to 2019. We find that the likelihood of rural household entrepreneurship is greatly increased by the government acquisition of products in the digital economy. Our mechanism analysis shows that government digital procurement could have an impact on rural household entrepreneurship by easing credit restrictions, encouraging the growth of distinctive industries, and improving government information disclosures. Furthermore, the effects of government procurement in the digital economy are particularly noticeable in counties characterized by e-commerce and industry integration. The paper offers insightful policy recommendations for the use of digital initiatives to support rural economic development in emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the widespread application and deep penetration of digital technology, its empowering role in multiple fields is becoming increasingly evident. Especially in the southwestern border areas of China, digital empowerment has brought new opportunities and momentum to promote homecoming entrepreneurship. This study focuses on exploring how digital empowerment can repair homecoming entrepreneurship in the region, and deeply analyzes the repair mechanism through structural equation modeling combined with empirical data. Research has found that digital empowerment has had a positive effect on repairing the flow and accessibility of entrepreneurial information in the assistance of government agencies and affiliated enterprises in the region. Meanwhile, when digital empowerment is combined with regional affiliated enterprises and investment institutions, it has a significant positive impact on repairing and promoting the implementation and operation of entrepreneurial projects. In addition, government agencies and non-governmental organizations in the region have effectively supplemented and repaired the knowledge structure and abilities of entrepreneurs with the support of digital empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equal rights to rent and purchase affects the supply of compulsory education resources. How to promote the balanced compulsory education resources supply in the context of equal rights to rent and purchase is currently a hot issue amongst government and society. To achieve such balance, conducting research in the context of equal rights to rent and purchase becomes crucial. However, existing research has yet to provide sufficient explanations for the differentiated paths for realizing the balanced compulsory education resources supply in practice. This study uses 31 cities in China as case samples and jointly applies fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis and the 'technology–organization–environment' (TOE) framework. The findings are summarized as follows. Firstly, the balanced compulsory education resources supply in the context of equal rights to rent and purchase is affected by six key technological, organizational, and environmental factors. Namely, data co-construction and sharing, technological infrastructure, attention allocation, government information disclosure, policy support for equal rights to rent and purchase, and level of urban economic development. Secondly, the linkage matching of technological, organizational and environmental conditions forms diversified configurations that drive the balanced compulsory education resources supply in the context of equal rights to rent and purchase. These configurations include the 'organization' driving model, 'technology–environment' driving model, 'technology–organization–environment' driving model, and 'technology-organization' driving model. Finally, eastern, central and western China are driven by different configuration paths. Amongst them, eastern China has relatively good basic conditions at the technological, organizational and environmental levels. The combination of different conditions can drive the balanced compulsory education resources supply in a 'different paths lead to the same destination' manner. Although the development in central China is somewhat restricted, the radiation and impetus from eastern China, in combination with the different conditions in central China, can drive the balanced compulsory education resources supply. Western China shows no advantages at the technological, organizational and environmental levels. Faced with restrictions in organizational and environmental conditions, the government in western China should develop the necessary technological conditions to drive the balanced compulsory education resources supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing use of automated decision-making systems (‘ADMS’) in the government sector causes various problems. One of them is the lack of transparency around government algorithms, especially when they are developed by third parties. This article explores how proprietary interests surrounding government automation technologies, such as trade secrets, affect transparency around ADMS and what measures could be taken to preserve — and increase — government transparency in the age of automation. The article focuses on New South Wales as a case study and explores gaps within the Government Information (Public Access) Act 2009 (NSW) (‘GIPA Act’) in ensuring transparency in the government automation context. It recommends that current legislative gaps be addressed by: (1) narrowing down the protection for trade secrets under the GIPA Act; (2) improving access to government information held by third parties (eg government contractors); and (3) ensuring that the government leverages its procurement powers to acquire information that is essential for public transparency purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oates, (1972) argues that local governments cannot use conventional policies to stabilize economies, due to fiscal spillovers and beggar‐thy‐neighbor policies. Hayek's theory implies it is efficient for a central government to devolve decision‐making authority to local governments that have informational advantages. This paper tests the different theoretical implications by examining a natural experiment caused by the income‐tax‐sharing reform in China. Our analysis reveals that local government size does have a stabilization effect, but vertical fiscal imbalance (VFI) substantially weakens this stabilizing effect; lack of local information is the key factor leading to this influence of VFI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's digital world, the extensive use of devices, including smartphones, tablets, IoT devices, and the internet, emphasizes the necessity for strong security measures. These measures are essential to safeguard both user data and sensitive government information. As technology advances, the enhancement of cryptographic methods becomes imperative, ensuring alignment with this rapid progression. This paper introduces a novel approach to encrypting classified data using the modified AES cipher system. It employs a dynamic and secure substitution byte operation with a 4x4 matrix, replacing the static and public 16x16 S-box found in the original version of AES. To construct the presented S-box, the system makes a secret key of 56 bytes (4x14 Rounds), where each round of the AES-256 utilizes 4 bytes to generate a 4x4 Hexadecimal Playfair matrix. By altering the S-boxes in each round and block (where each block utilizes AES key expansion to generate a 56-byte secret key for the Playfair matrix), it becomes feasible to produce distinct encrypted blocks even when the original blocks remain identical. In terms of security, the effectiveness of the provided method has been verified by experimental and analytical studies including the Avalanche effect, Balanced output, Hamming distance, and Time complexity. The result shows that the Avalanche effect of the proposed method exceeds 50% and increase the time of brute force attack. Moreover, the proposed algorithm exhibits impressive execution speed, handling approximately 200 KB in just one second. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does compliance with open government reforms imply openness? Based on an institutional framework, this article analyses the implementation of two open government reforms – the Access to Information and Citizen Participation laws – in three Chilean municipalities. The results suggest that how formal rules interact with informal strategies could explain the different outcomes of open government reforms and that compliance does not necessarily lead to openness. In contrast, the complexity of formal and informal interaction, defined by the strength of formal laws and their convergence with local informality, can produce counterproductive results on local governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines trust in public sector institutions during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the impact factors. A survey was administered to a convenience sample of 1,372 local and expatriate residents in the United Arab Emirates during 2022–2023. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were utilized. There was a high level of general public trust among respondents (mean = 4.11), with the highest trust in the police (mean = 4.21) followed by trust in the information disseminated by the government (mean = 4.06) and in the performance of public sector institutions (mean = 3.89). On the bivariate and multivariate levels, demographic variables had an insignificant impact on public trust. General trust was significantly correlated with institutional performance (β = 0.417), institutional integrity (β = 0.397), perceived gains (β = 0.378), and government-disseminated information (β = 0.374). Public trust is a complex reality linked to numerous organizational and nonorganizational factors. Improving public trust requires enhancing ethical conduct—crucial for maintaining trust—as well as good governance practices and leadership behavior. The sample size and quantitative focus might have limited the generalizability of the findings. In the future, researchers should use in-depth interviews or mixed methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does the European Commission respond to external expert reports about member states' non-compliance? We theorise that expert compliance assessments affect the Commission's monitoring costs and information about governments' probability of compliance. More precisely, the Commission is likely to launch infringements, when information is provided by institutions with extensive expertise that reveals practical non-compliance. However, reports about severe non-conformity indicate that governments will not reform their policies. Therefore, the Commission is expected to initiate infringements if the domestic conditions are favourable for compliance (government and societal EU support and active civil society). Analysing 63 EU directives and 27 countries, we find that enforcement depends on external expertise and practical non-compliance. Moreover, the Commission launches infringements against severe non-conformity when it is supported by civil society. Thus, the Commission utilises expert assessments strategically and it does not necessarily prioritise high levels of non-conformity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate leverage is an indicator of economic health, and this topic has attracted a great deal of attention since the international financial crisis of 2008. This paper constructs a model of enterprise decision-making under a digital government and theoretically analyzes how the government digital reform impacts corporate leverage and the mechanism of this impact. Theoretical analysis has previously shown that digital reforms by governments help to ease the information asymmetry between banks and enterprises, which in turn affects the actual economic activities of enterprises. Based on these findings, the "one-stop government service" natural experiment used in this paper and the empirical analysis using a multiphase difference-in-differences (DID) method show that digital government can inhibit the short-term debt financing of enterprises while improving their long-term debt financing. This study further finds that the digital government can improve the level of long-term debt for long-term use, thereby reducing corporate leverage. By enriching the theoretical and empirical research on government digital reform, this paper contributes significant theoretical and practical insights to the literature on corporate leverage in the context of government factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of ecosystem structure leads to changes in ecosystem services (ESs) and their relationship. However, most research in this area has focused on particular scales and timeframes, often overlooking the significance of spatial and temporal variations. Therefore, we used the equivalent value method to evaluate seven typical ESs in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) between 2000 and 2020: food production (FP), water supply (WS), climate regulation (CR), environmental purification (EP), soil conservation (SC), biodiversity maintenance (BM), and aesthetic landscape (AL). We further employed the Spearman correlation coefficient and bivariate Moran's I to evaluate the relationship of ESs and their spatial heterogeneity at grid, township, county and city scales. Our results show that (1) All ESs except AL exhibited a fluctuating upward trend from 2000 to 2020, resulting in a total increase in ecosystem service (ES) value of RMB 650.63 billion. (2) Approximately 70% of the ES pairs demonstrated a synergistic relationship, with the exception of FP and other ESs, which mainly showed a trade-off. (3) With the scale increased from grid to city level, the degree of trade-off between FP and other ESs strengthened at different levels, while the synergy degree of among other ESs gradually decreased. (4) The relationship between ESs demonstrated strong spatial heterogeneity, with FP and other ESs exhibiting trade-offs primarily in the northern and southern YRD, while other ES pairs exhibited mostly synergy in these regions. This study provides scientific information for governments to optimize land use distribution and improve ESs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During a public health crisis, social media platforms play a pivotal role in circulating information and influencing public reactions. This research investigates the dynamics of public engagement with COVID-19-related content and government information sources within African American online communities, a population that has experienced significant health risks and inequities. Using advanced computational research methods, we analyzed 199,542 posts from 1,152 communities created between January 2020 and December 2022. The present research focused on the presence of COVID-19-related content, government information sources, the emotions of anger and fear in these posts, and their associations with user engagement metrics. The results indicated that posts discussing COVID-19 and those incorporating government information sources tend to receive lower levels of engagement. On the other hand, posts with higher levels of anger generated more shares and comments. The findings suggest a "triple disadvantage" in user engagement for social media messages that reference government sources and discuss public health risks without delivering strong negative emotions. These patterns are crucial not only for understanding the challenges faced by the at-risk population but also for aiding researchers and practitioners in developing more effective communication strategies during public health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The complexity, high prevalence, and substantial personal and socioeconomic burden collectively render atopic dermatitis (AD) a major public health concern. Using crowdsourced Internet data has the potential to provide unique insights into this concern, as demonstrated by several previous studies. However, a comprehensive comparison across European countries remains lacking. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate AD‐related web searches across Europe to assess spatiotemporal variations and associations between disease‐related and external factors. Methods: AD‐related web search data were extracted for 21 European countries between February 2019 and January 2023. Descriptive analysis and autocorrelation functions were performed to examine spatiotemporal patterns. Correlations (r) were used to evaluate the associations between web searches and disease‐related, socioeconomic and meteorological data. Results: Over 241 million AD‐related web searches were identified, with search volume varying substantially among European countries (p < 0.001) and correlating with AD prevalence and disease burden (both r = 0.51, p = 0.019). Search volume increased between 2019 and 2023 in all countries and seasonally peaked in January and March. Negative correlations with median population age (r = −0.46, p = 0.039), number of general practitioners (r = −0.29, p = 0.226) and specialists (r = −0.27, p = 0.270) were observed. Moderate to strong correlations were found between search volume and cold, humid and windy weather with fewer sunshine hours, while higher online interest typically occurred 1–3 months after such weather conditions. Conclusion: The study highlights the great potential of online crowdsourced data analysis, for example, to investigate the impact of climate change or to identify unmet needs at a population level. Furthermore, the growing online interest in AD and the corresponding seasonal peaks emphasize the necessity of adapting treatment plans, intensifying public health campaigns, and disseminating reliable online information by governments and healthcare providers, especially during these periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As government documents, postage stamps are a rich source of information about a government's policies on a wide range of subjects. In this article, a comparative semiotic analysis of the first seventy-five years of North and South Korean stamps is used to illustrate the similarities and differences in their attitudes towards 'religion' and religious practice. A corpus of stamps on a 'religious' theme was created for stamps issued by both governments from which a series of themes and motifs was noted. The semiotic analysis of the themes and motifs showed that while on South Korean stamps Buddhist motifs constituted the majority of stamps commemorating cultural history, there were few references to the commemoration of Buddhism itself. The reverse was found to be true for Christianity. Although Christianity was not shown to be a major expression of Korean culture, Christianity itself was commemorated extensively. On North Korean stamps, folklore and Christian motifs predominated as projections of cultural history, but the Christian motifs referred only to foreign cultures, not Korean culture. Motifs relating to the foundation myth of Tan'gun were common to both North and South Korea. However, in the South, motifs from the myth referred to the nation, while in the North they referred to the ruling family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the role of Government Information Systems (SIP) in the era of digitalization 4.0 in increasing the value of Human Resources (HR). The research object focuses on the implementation of SIP in government organizations and its impact on productivity and human resource value. The main objective of this study is to analyze the influence of SIP on improving work efficiency and human resource value in the context of government in the digital era. The research method uses a quantitative approach with path analysis, examining the relationship between SIP, Digital Era 4.0, HR Productivity, and HR Value. Data was collected through surveys and analyzed using inferential statistical techniques. The results of the study show that SIP has a positive influence on HR Value, with HR Productivity acting as a mediating variable. However, the effect of this mediation is not statistically significant. SIP quality and integration were found to be key factors that affect system effectiveness in increasing productivity and HR value. This research highlights the importance of optimal SIP implementation and the need for an adaptive organizational culture to maximize the benefits of technology in improving HR performance in the government sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Control Theory & Applications / Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yinyong is the property of Editorial Department of Control Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines the rationality of Japanese government construction forecasts between 1960 and 2019 and investigates whether the construction forecasts have an information advantage over other government's forecasts using a recently developed test under instabilities in forecasting environments. The Japanese government construction forecasts broadly served as a reliable benchmark for most of the economic development process until the 1990s. This finding suggests that those construction forecasts contributed to effective and careful resource allocation planning in the construction and related industries and to the Japanese economy's post-war growth. There were, however, a few irrational construction forecasts after 2000, indicating that recent construction forecasts can be improved by incorporating information from the government's macroeconomic forecasts. The results indicate that misleading results demonstrating that all forecasts were rational were obtained if relying on the standard rationality test. These findings also suggest that governmental agencies in various countries may benefit from publishing construction forecasts because those forecasts would contribute to promoting sustainable development and growth in construction industry, not only in advanced but also developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journalism Research is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Freedom of Information Act permits requestors access to government information unless an exemption applies. Exemption (b)(3)(B) permits the government to protect information if there is a specific reference to a FOIA exemption in the withholding statute. Congress created this new requirement in 2009 in order to remove decision making power from administrative agencies and courts and reserve the power to disclose or withhold information with the legislative branch. This exemption poses problems to courts when there is a clear intent to protect information in the withholding statute without a clear reference to Exemption (b)(3)(B). As a result, courts have issued inconsistent holdings regarding the protection or disclosure of information. Broadly, some courts have held that the withholding statute must contain a reference to FOIA Exemption 3 and adhere to the strict requirements of Exemption (b)(3)(B). This approach, however, lies in direct conflict with legislative entrenchment--the notion that a previous legislature may not bind a future legislative body known. Contrasted with the strict approach, other courts have used various interpretative tools to circumvent the requirements of Exemption (b)(3)(B) and held in accordance with the manifest intent of the withholding statute instead. By following either approach, courts are complying with one law at the expense of violating another. These inconsistent holdings demonstrate that Exemption (b)(3)(B) does not fulfill the intent of Congress and should be reappealed or the Supreme Court should decide this fracture as a result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Putin's war of aggression against Ukraine, backed by frequent nuclear threats, has focused attention on the scope of Russia's nuclear capabilities. The short assessments the United States Government provides are inadequate. Because of the very limited U.S. government information on the scope of Russia's nuclear capabilities, the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) estimates are cited globally as if authoritative and definitive; they clearly are not. The numerous FAS numbers are largely undocumented and little documentation apparently exists to support their data. It is possible that the Russian nuclear force may be in the size range that the FAS estimates but it is also possible that it is twice as large or even larger. The Russian nuclear advantage may already be several to one and it is growing. The Russian advantage is particularly notable in non-strategic nuclear weapons. An accurate understanding of Russia's nuclear capability is a critical element in shaping America's nuclear deterrence requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A crucial feature of the democratic life cycle, government stability, has prompted the interest of many scholars across the globe. As a result, research on this matter has established itself as one of the most developed agendas in comparative politics. However, despite the abundance of studies on the drivers of government stability, the ruling parties' capacity to promote policy change when in government remains unexplored. This study aims to fill this lacuna by testing the effect of political constraints on the premature end of cabinets. It does so by leveraging an original longitudinal multilevel dataset comprising information on 429 governments in 20 Western European countries on which event history analyses are performed. The study's findings show that high political constraints significantly increase the risk of cabinet termination, indicating that seeking to survive in office without governing can be an impassable road for ruling parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite significant global investments in mobile government projects, the adoption of these services has been unsatisfactory, with low user acceptance levels reported by governments. Given the crucial role of user acceptance in the success of m-government, researchers specializing in this field should investigate the factors that influence users' willingness to use these services. This study aims to address this issue in the Republic of Kosovo context. In the study, the reasons for using the Mobile Document Management System (mDMS) were also investigated. The research gathers information from government officials in the Republic of Kosovo through structured questionnaires, and empirically tests the factors that influence the intention to use Mobile Government (m-Government)systems in Kosovo, by amalgamating two models: TAM& DOI, with the incorporation of two new constructs, namely Trustworthiness, and Image. The results have revealed that Perceived Usefulness and Observability were the sole factors that might influence the willingness of the Kosovars to use m-Government andthe mDMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]