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Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between germination rate and storage lifespan in two recalcitrant-seeded species, Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. and Trichilia dregeana Sond., in relation to water uptake and [...]

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common consequence of electrolyte and dehydration abnormalities that affect individuals with type-1 diabetes. DKA is a major diabetic complication worldwide. Clinical details: We have presented a male patient aging 31years with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting(nonprojectile), shortness of breath Grade IV for 1 day, altered sensorium as well as diarrhea (every day, five watery bowel movements) for 2 days.). The laboratories results showed that the person had with an anion gap of 21 with positive ketones, low bicarbonate & high blood glucose, urine glucose and high circulating blood ketones are strongly positive. Based on the laboratory findings patient has confirmed with DKA. The patient has been referred to the ICU Hehas begun with insulin drip and serum electrolytes after every four hours (potassium, sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, & chloride). Outcomes: The patient has begun with insulin drip and serum electrolytes for every four hours (potassium, sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, & chloride). After the initiation of insulin treatment, potassium levels were shifted intracellularly and serum levels were declined.Insulin stimulated the transcellular potassium transmission and patient has developed with hypokalemia. Conclusion: Pulmonary edema may develop in DKA patients for the same causes as cerebral edema. Be careful of potential fluid loss overcorrection, although it rarely occurs. DKA prevention requires more research and collaboration among inpatient and outpatient clinicians and patient education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health challenge in South Africa and the condition in humans has been well researched and documented. However, investigations on the circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains from cattle in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa are insufficient. This study delineated the diversity of MTBC isolates from cows’ lymph nodes. A total of 162 MTBC isolates, collected over a one-year period from cattle lymph nodes from two abattoirs, were submitted to spoligotyping and 12 MIRU-VNTR typing. The spoligotyping results were matched with isolates in the universal spoligotyping database (SITVIT2). Our study identified 27 spoligotype patterns, with 10 shared types assigned to five lineages: the East-Asian (Beijing) was predominant, 17.9%, and East-Asian (Microti) and Latin-American-Mediterranean S were the least detected with 0.6%. Spoligotyping showed a higher clustering rate of 82.1%, with the lowest being the Hunter-Gaston Diversity Index (HGDI) of 0.485; 12 MIRU-VNTR resulted in a clustering rate of 64.8%, showing a higher HGDI of 0.671. The results of this study show a high diversity of MTBC strains in the Eastern Cape Province and clustering rate, which indicates ongoing transmission in the province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the responses of Avicennia marina and Trichilia dregeana seeds, both of which are recalcitrant, to partial dehydration and storage. Seeds of A. marina exhibited a faster rate of water and viability loss (± 50% viability loss in 4 days) during partial dehydration, compared with T. dregeana (± 50% viability loss in 14 days). In A. marina embryonic axes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production peaked on 4 days of dehydration and was accompanied by an increase in the GSH:GSSG ratio; it appears that the glutathione system alone could not overcome dehydration-induced oxidative stress in this species. In A. marina, ROS and axis water content levels increased during hydrated storage and were accompanied by a decline in the GSH:GSSG ratio and rapid viability loss. In T. dregeana embryonic axes, ROS production (particularly hydrogen peroxide) initially increased and thereafter decreased during both partial dehydration and hydrated storage. Unlike in A. marina embryonic axes, this reduced ROS production was accompanied by a decline in the GSH:GSSG ratio. While T. dregeana seeds may have incurred some oxidative stress during storage, a delay in and/or suppression of the ROS-based trigger for germination may account for their significantly longer storage longevity compared with A. marina. Mechanisms of desiccation-induced seed viability loss may differ across recalcitrant-seeded species based on the rate and extent to which they lose water during partial drying and storage. While recalcitrant seed desiccation sensitivity and, by implication, storage longevity are modulated by redox metabolism, the specific ROS and antioxidants that contribute to this control may differ across species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]