32 results on '"Gouache, D."'
Search Results
2. Crop architecture and crop tolerance to fungal diseases and insect herbivory. Mechanisms to limit crop losses
- Author
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Ney, B., Bancal, M. O., Bancal, P., Bingham, I. J., Foulkes, J., Gouache, D., Paveley, N., and Smith, J.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Les effets du changement climatique sur l'agriculture et la forêt en Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
- Author
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Barbier, J.M., Baury, C., Bertuzzi, P., Bondeau, Alberte, Couderc, V., Courbet, F., Curt, T., Dalstein-Richier, L., Davi, H., Delmotte, S., Dobremez, L., Dupuy, J.L., Fader, M., Farnet Da Silva, Anne Marie, Ferreira, O., Fouant, T., Garcia de Cortazar Atauri, I., Garde, L., Gauquelin, Thierry, Hossard, L., Gouache, D., Gros, R, Guibal, F., Hammond, R., Jezequel, S., Ladier, J., Lefevre, F., Legave, J.M., Mouret, J.C., Napoleone, C., Pimont, F., Prévosto, B., Rigolot, Eric, Rossello, P., Sicard, P., Vennetier, M., Vial, B., Vieux, S., Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Développement des territoires montagnards (UR DTGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Rossello, P., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
- Subjects
climatic change ,CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,FORET MEDITERRANEENNE ,agriculture ,mediterranean forest - Abstract
Ce cahier diffuse des connaissances scientifiques (non exhaustives) sur les effets du changement climatique sur l'agriculture et la forêt en Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Les cultures (vergers, céréales, riz, maraîchage...) et les forêts (feuillus, conifères) bénéficient des bienfaits du climat méditerranéen qui offre des conditions favorables au développement des plantes sous certaines conditions, mais souffrent aussi des événements extrêmes qui le ponctuent à intervalles irréguliers. Le climat méditerranéen qui sévit en région PACA pourrait se résumer par Toulourenc (« tout ou rien » en provençal), du nom du cours d'eau à caractère torrentiel qui coule dans la vallée étroite située au pied du versant nord du mont Ventoux. Avec le changement climatique actuel, les aspects négatifs de notre climat sont appelés à se renforcer et font déjà peser sur les terroirs agricoles et les forêts emblématiques de la région de nouvelles contraintes auxquelles il est nécessaire de faire face pour éviter des conséquences trop néfastes. Mais la pérennité et le développement des systèmes agricoles et forestiers ne dépendent pas seulement de l'évolution du climat. L'urbanisation, l'occupation des sols, les pollutions locales (sol, air, eau), les incendies, mais aussi les pratiques culturales et la gestion forestière, jouent un rôle fondamental. Il convient donc de privilégier une approche transversale. Cette publication souligne les conséquences du changement climatique sur l'agriculture et la forêt en prenant soin d'identifier les enjeux environnementaux, économiques et sociaux, les risques à l'échelle régionale et locale, mais aussi les solutions susceptibles de réduire les impacts (atténuation, adaptation) et les éventuelles opportunités à saisir. Comme dans le précédent cahier, la contribution des chercheurs et experts, exerçant leur métier en région PACA et dans les territoires limitrophes4, sous forme d'articles et de zooms, apporte des éléments de compréhension afin de mieux cerner les problématiques liées au changement climatique.
- Published
- 2016
4. MiCODetect project : guidelines for an optical sensor for presymptomatic detection of Septoria tritici to aid in integrated management of Zymoseptoria tritici blotch of wheat
- Author
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Gouache, D., Chaouche, Sarrah, Florin, L., Masdoumier, G., Barrilliet, G., Garcia, C., Saillot, E., Deswarte, J.C., Valade, R., Dufresne, Marie, Seng, J.M., Ayral, J.L., Saindrenan, Patrick, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FORCE-A, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
- Subjects
diagnostics précoces ,metabolomics ,decision support tools ,fluorescence ,early diagnostics ,Zymoseptoria tritici ,wheat ,métabolomique ,outil d’aide à la décision ,blé ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology - Abstract
La septoriose provoquée par le champignon phytopathogène Zymoseptoria tritici est la 1ère maladie contributrice aux traitements fongicides sur blé en France et en Europe. Le raisonnement de son traitement au plus proche des besoins réels peut apporter des économies significatives de produit sans perte de performance technique. Pour cela, la quantification du champignon pendant sa phase asymptomatique d’incubation a été identifiée comme un point clef. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que des métabolites secondaires fluorescents produits par la plante en réponse à l’infection, servant de biomarqueurs de la transition biotrophie-nécrotrophie pourraient être quantifiés par un capteur ad hoc. Nous avons mis en place un protocole d’analyse métabolomique et transcriptomique de l’interaction blé- septoriose, et identifié plusieurs voies métaboliques induites. En particulier, trois métabolites secondaires issus de la voie du tryptophane sont produits lors de l’infection, et émettent une fluorescence dans l'ultra-violet (UV-UV). Au champ, la production de ces métabolites s’avère effectivement prédictive du développement ultérieur des symptômes, et modifie le spectre UV-UV des feuilles de blé. Des expérimentations complémentaires sont à effectuer pour préciser les longueurs d’onde d’émission les plus prédictives et établir le degré de spécificité et de robustesse de ce signal fluorescent., Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici is the most important disease in wheat, and the first contributor to fungicide use in France and Europe. Adjusting sprayings to the specific requirements of the crop can lead to significant reductions in fungicide use without compromising yield. It has been shown that presymptomatic quantification of the pathogen could be key to achieve this. We hypothesized that the production of fluorescent secondary metabolites by the infected wheat crop could be used as biomarkers of the transition to necrotrophy, to quantify the pathogen, via an adapted sensor. We set up a metabolomic and transcriptomic screening of the wheatseptoria interaction and identified different upregulated metabolic pathways. Specifically, three metabolites from the tryptophan pathway are produced during infection, and emit UV-UV fluorescence. In the field, these metabolites are predictive of ulterior symptom dynamics, and modify the UV-UV spectrum of wheat leaves. Additional experiments will be necessary to determine which emission wavelengths are the most predictive, and to assess how specific and robust this fluorescence is.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Tolérance du blé tendre aux stress biotiques et abiotiques
- Author
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Gouache, D., Bancal, Marie-Odile, Bancal, Pierre, De Solan, B., Gate, P., ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
potentiel de rendement ,indicateurs ,tolérance variétale ,traits de tolérance ,rusticité ,résistance ,phénotypage ,trade-off ,indicators ,tolerance of genotypes ,traits of tolerance ,rusticity ,resistance ,yield potential ,phenotyping trade-off ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] - Abstract
Les divers stress biotiques et abiotiques qu'un peuplement rencontre au cours de son cycle ont souvent comme effet majeur la réduction de la surface foliaire verte. Des travaux préliminaires ont montré une certaine stabilité de la relation entre l’indice foliaire vert intégré pendant le remplissage du grain (IFVI) et le rendement. Ce projet avait pour objectif d'utiliser l'IFVI pour mettre au point un indicateur global de phénotypage "multistress", afin de caractériser le comportement variétal dans différents environnements et ITK. Il devait également approfondir la notion de tolérance, consistant au maintien des performances en présence de stress avéré, et jusqu'ici mal séparée du potentiel de rendement. En mobilisant des acteurs de la recherche (INRA, Lasalle), du développement (Arvalis) et du secteur privé (Saaten Union), une base de données importante a été construite. Les résultats de stations expérimentales ont permis l’élaboration de l’indicateur, tandis que son automatisation "haut débit" était travaillée par ailleurs. Le réseau INRA "ITK blés rustiques" a permis l'évaluation de l'ensemble. On distinguera une tolérance intrinsèque, qui ne dépend que du niveau d’IFVI, donc du potentiel de la culture, et une tolérance spécifique, réponse variétale à un changement de milieu ou d'ITK. Potentiel et rusticité sont largement indépendants, et peuvent donc être sélectionnés conjointement. Par contre notre base de données suggère un trade-off entre les composantes de la rusticité: tolérance, et résistance + échappement, soulignant le besoin de recherche dans ce domaine. A terme, l'indicateur proposé pourra être utilisé pour caractériser les variétés les plus adaptées à un milieu donné et pour aider à la conception de couverts de céréales écologiquement intensifs., Wheat crops undergo multiple biotic or abiotic stresses during their development cycle, the main effect of which is a reduction of green leaf area. Preliminary studies showed a stable relationship between Area Under the Green Leaf Area Index (AUGLAI) during the grain filling period and yield. This study aims at establishing a global index characterizing multi stress effects to assess genotype response to environments and practices. It would help identifying if tolerance (i.e. the capacity to maintain yield in stressed crops) and yield potential could be separated. Thanks to the collaboration of research (INRA, Lasalle), development (Arvalis) and industry (Saaten Union), a large data basis was built. The results in experimental stations made it possible to develop an index, while its "high-throughput" automation was tested elsewhere. Overall evaluation was obtained in the INRA network "ITK Blés rustiques". Our work enabled distinguishing between an intrinsic tolerance, only dependent on the AUGLAI level, i.e. of the yield potential, and a specific tolerance, that characterizes a genotypic response to change in environment or agricultural practice. On the one hand, yield potential and losses due to stresses were found largely independent, and could be jointly selected in plant breeding. On the other hand, our data basis suggests a tradeoff between (resistance + escape) and tolerance, underlying the needs for further research. The proposed index of multi stress tolerance appears useful both to characterize varieties best suited to any given environment and to help designing ecologically intensive cereal crops.
- Published
- 2014
6. Mise au point d’outils améliorés pour l’évaluation des résistances variétales du blé tendre à Septoria tritici
- Author
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Gouache, D., Hourcade, D., Lebrun, Marc-Henri, Marcel, Thierry, Ducasse, Aurélie, Audeon, Colette, Goyeau, Henriette, Suffert, Frederic, Michelet, C., Robert, O., Cadot, Valerie, Ghaffary, SMT, Khema, G.HJ, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Société Ragt 2N, Bioplante, 1314 Gip Geves Direction - Siège, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Gip Geves Direction - Siège (Gip Geves Direction - Siège)-Accueil GEVES (Accueil GEVES)-Groupe d'étude et de controle des variétés et des semences (GEVES), Plant Research International, and Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR)
- Subjects
blé ,Septoria tritici ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,résistance - Abstract
absent
- Published
- 2012
7. Crop Architecture and Crop tolerance to biotic stresses. Mechanisms to limit crop losses
- Author
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Smith, J., Bancal, Marie-Odile, Bancal, Pierre, Bingham, I.J., Foulkes, M.J., Gouache, D., Ney, Bertrand, Paveley, N., Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
- Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences - Abstract
plenary invited conference; absent
- Published
- 2012
8. Developing and sharing tools to bring benefits of resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola to wheat growers in France: from breeding to cultivar registration and extension
- Author
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Gouache, D., Hourcade, D., Lebrun, Marc-Henri, Marcel, Thierry, Audeon, Colette, Goyeau, Henriette, Suffert, Frederic, Michelet, C., Robert, O., Cadot, V., Kema, G.H.J., BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
- Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,population ,virulence spectrum ,blé pathogène des plantes ,septoria leaf blotch ,host resistance ,epidemic - Abstract
absent
- Published
- 2011
9. Wheat field high throughput phenotyping from concept to application
- Author
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COMAR, Alexis, De Solan, B., Burger, P., Baret, Frédéric, Daumard, F., Gouache, D., Guerreiro, I., Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Déposants HAL-Avignon, bibliothèque Universitaire
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[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2011
10. Specifying a strategy for deciding tactical adjustment of crop protection using CPN tools
- Author
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Léger, B., Naud, O., Gouache, D., Service Agronomie Economie Environnement, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), and Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)
- Subjects
PROTECTION DES PLANTES ,PESTICIDE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,AIDE A LA DECISION ,EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE ,MODELISATION - Abstract
International audience; Crop protection is a key activity for farmers. There is a need to improve the practice and use less chemical pesticides. We hypothesized that farmers may be overwhelmed by the amount of data available. Therefore we proposed the concept of crop protection decision workflow system (CPDeWS) to guide them in interpreting the information in tactical adjustments of treatment decisions. We provide here a short introduction to Petri nets, and show how the CPDeWS concept was mapped onto Petri nets, in the case of wheat. Finally we adopt a broad view to discuss our design and modelling choices, that are applicable to a wide set of crop protection and crop management problems.
- Published
- 2011
11. Des outils de raisonnement pour limiter et rendre durable la lutte chimique contre les bioagresseurs en grandes cultures
- Author
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Penaud, A., Printz, P., Maumené, C., Walker, Anne Sophie, Gouache, D., Ney, Bertrand, Pinochet, X., Institut du végétal, station expérimentale, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Univeristé Paris Sud, Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
bioagresseur ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,blé ,résistances aux pesticides ,modèles épidémiologiques et 3D ,grande culture ,lutte chimique ,diagnostics précoces qPCR ,oad ,colza - Abstract
Le développement en grandes cultures de populations de bioagresseurs résistantes nécessite de limiter le recours systématique à la lutte chimique et de préserver l'efficacité des substances actives autorisées. Leur usage raisonné est basé sur une bonne connaissance des populations de bioagresseurs, grâce à des réseaux de surveillance spécifiques septoriose du blé et sclérotinia du colza, et la conception d'outils d'aide à la décision. Des tests précoces de diagnostic moléculaire offrent une mesure du potentiel infectieux utile dans la conception d'OAD. Pour la septoriose, maladie à incubation lente, une quantification fongique permet une prédiction du développement ultérieur des symptômes. En sclérotinia, la quantification d'ADN d'un échantillon de 40 fleurs n'est malheureusementpas corrélée à l'indicateur de risque " pourcentage de fleurs contaminées ". Pour la septoriose du blé, la conception d'un modèle épidémiologique opérationnel SeptoLIS, intégrant les facteurs de variations climatiques et phénologiques, permet de se rapprocher du positionnement idéal du premier traitement fongicide. De plus, la modélisation des interactions Hôte x agents pathogènes du blé décrivant l'évolution de la plante et permettant d'évaluer l'impact d'une maladie sur le couvert constitue un outil innovant de conception d'itinéraires techniques permettant de minimiser voire d'échapper à une attaque parasitaire.
- Published
- 2011
12. Contribution of formal modelling and field experiment to leverage knowledge and expertise for designing crop protection guidelines
- Author
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Léger, B., Naud, O., Delière, L., Cartolaro, P., Gouache, D., Service Agronomie Economie Environnement, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), and Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV)
- Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ACTION DES PESTICIDES ,AIDE A LA DECISION ,PROTECTION DES CULTURES ,MODELISATION - Abstract
International audience; Pesticide use is still much too often systematic on many crops. However, there is scientific consensus that many farmers could change their crop protection practices without putting their revenue in jeopardy. There is need for crop protection management systems that yield significantly lower pesticide consumption. For many crops such management systems are not available, although knowledge about the pathosystems exists. We present here two crop protection formal guidelines (Decision Workflow Systems, DeWS) which were elicited and formalised using the Statechart (Grape-MilDeWS) and the coloured Petri nets (POD BLé) modelling languages. Elicitation and formal model-ling helped the pathologists to ameliorate their design and provided a convenient computer ready format. Moreover, the main purpose of DeWS models is to provide an exhaustive specification, which can then be transferred. This permits large experimental networks to be created. Such networks are necessary to collect data about the behaviour of the pathosystem under low input management and to assess the DeWS robustness and efficiency. Finally DeWS are learning tools for the growers, development workers and for its original designers as well.
- Published
- 2010
13. Evolution de quelques pathosystèmes sur le blé et la vigne
- Author
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Gouache, D., Roche, Romain, Pieri, Philippe, Bancal, Marie-Odile, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Absent, Nadine Brisson (Coordinateur), F. Levrault (Coordinateur), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
- Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,AGRONOMIE ,ECOPHYSIOLOGIE - Abstract
absent
- Published
- 2010
14. Review of new technologies critical to effective implementation of decision support systems and farm management systems (DSS's) and Farm Management Systems (FMS's
- Author
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Been, T.H., Consiglio, A.B., Evans, N., Gouache, D., Gutsche, V., Jensen, J.E., Kapsa, J., Levay, N., Munier-Jolain, N.M., Nibouche, S., Raynal, M., and Raydahl, P.
- Subjects
ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,Toegepaste Ecologie ,Life Science ,Applied Ecology - Published
- 2010
15. Date de semis, pression de septoriose et potentiel de rendement: De la compréhension à la préconisation opérationnelle
- Author
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Gouache, D., Gate, P., Robert, Corinne, Fournier, Christian, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
- Subjects
PHYLLOCHRON ,SEPTORIOSE ,RENDEMENT ,PHYLLOTHERME ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,WHEAT ,MYCOSPHAERELLA GRAMINICOLA ,SEPTORIA TRITICI BLOTCH ,ECOPHYSIOLOGIE ,TRITICUM AESTIVUM ,SOWING DATE ,YIELD ,SIMULATION ,BLE ,MYCOSPHAERELLA GRAMINICOSPHAERELLA ,DATE DE SEMIS ,EMERGENCE DES FEUILLES - Abstract
Late sowing is often considered as a means to reduce septoria attacks on winter wheat, but which implies reduced attainable yield. The work presented here has allowed to better understand and quantify these elements. The use of a coupled plant – pathogen model (Septo3D), which includes a precise description of the canopy, shows that the faster speed at which leaves emerge for late sowings allows disease escape. Leaf emergence rate, used in the “SeptoLIS” model, permits its use for a large window of sowing dates. This model, coupled with agroclimatic predicitions of yield shows strong regional variability in yield potential – septoria trade-offs, that can be deployed as operational recommendations.; Retarder les dates de semis du blé est un moyen de limiter les épidémies de septoriose, mais qui réduit aussi généralement les potentiels de rendement. La démarche exposée ici permet de mieux comprendre et raisonner ce dilemme. Dans un premier temps, un modèle couplé plante – maladie (Septo3D) comportant une description détaillée du couvert a permis de mettre en évidence que la vitesse d’émission des feuilles, était le principal trait permettant à la plante « d’échapper » à la maladie en semis tardif. Un second modèle reprenant notamment cet effet, « SeptoLIS », a permis de simuler le développement de la maladie dans une large gamme de dates de semis. L’utilisation de ce modèle couplée à un modèle agroclimatique de prévision de rendement met en évidence de fortes disparités régionales, qui pourront être déclinées en préconisations.
- Published
- 2009
16. Septo3D: un modèle pour analyser les effets de la structure des couverts de blé sur les épidémies de septoriose
- Author
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Robert, Corinne, Andrieu, Bruno, Fournier, Christian, Gouache, D., Gate, P., Ney, Bertrand, Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
- Subjects
FOLIAR DISEASE ,ARCHITECTURE ,SEPTORIOSE ,MODELISATION TRIDIMENSIONNELLE ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,ECHAPPEMENT ,FUNGAL DISEASE ,MALADIES FONGIQUES ,MODELISATION ,MALADIE FOLIAIRE ,MODELLING ,ECOPHYSIOLOGIE ,ESCAPE - Abstract
Actes sous forme de cédérom + tome résumés; Crop management techniques can modulate the development of crop plants and thus impact the conditions of live of plant pathogens. In order to understand these effects, we have developed a model that links the simulation in 3D of a wheat canopy with a model of septoriose epidemics. Septoriose is caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola, which propagates during rain events, as it is transported by splashing. The model simulates the propagation of the disease from the lower leaves to the new leaves that emerge higher in the canopy as the plants develop. We used the model to assess the effect of various architectural traits on the epidemics. Finally, we discuss the potential of the approach for understanding and increasing escape mechanisms; Les techniques culturales, en modifiant le développement des couverts végétaux influencent le développement des pathogènes qui s’y développent. Pour comprendre ces effets nous avons développé un modèle couplant un modèle de simulation du développement du couvert de blé (3D) et un modèle épidémique de septoriose. Cette maladie est causée par le champignon Mycosphaerella graminicola qui est dispersé lors des pluies par des éclaboussures. Le modèle simule le développement des lésions depuis les feuilles du bas du couvert vers celles du haut au fur et à mesure que le couvert se développe. Nous avons utilisé le modèle pour comparer l’effet de différents traits architecturaux sur les épidémies. Nous discutons le potentiel d’application de ce type d’approche.
- Published
- 2009
17. Un nouvel indicateur de classement variétal vis-à-vis de la septoriose prenant en compte la précocité variétale
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Gouache, D., Robert, Corinne, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
- Subjects
SEPTORIOSE ,PHYLLOCHRON ,CLASSEMENT VARIETAL ,PHYLLOTHERME ,CULTIVAR ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,WHEAT ,MYCOSPHAERELLA GRAMINICOLA ,SEPTORIA TRITICI BLOTCH ,EARLINESS ,ECOPHYSIOLOGIE ,TRITICUM AESTIVUM ,PRECOCITE ,VARIETE ,BLE ,SURFACE VERTE - Abstract
Actes sous forme de cédérom + tome résumés; Resistance to septoria and earliness often have confounding effects at the field level, impairing efficient varietal evaluation. Two experiments were set up to propose an indicator decorrelating these phenomena. It is calculated as the thermal time from leaf layer emergence to initiation of disease-induced green area loss. Leaf layer emergence is calculated using the notion of phyllochron. Green area loss is calculated by fitting a Gompertz curve to observations. 7 trials with 6 to 9 cultivars of contrasting resistance and earliness showed that this indicator is strongly related to untreated yield. The indicator was also applied on data from typical variety trials that include only 2 disease observations. This allowed for recommendations to be formulated for the use of the indicator.; Résistance à la septoriose et précocité variétale sont souvent confondues dans les essais au champ, rendant la caractérisation variétale vis-à-vis de cette maladie difficile. Deux types d’expérimentation ont permis de proposer un indicateur de classement variétal. Cet indicateur est l’estimation de la durée en temps thermique entre l’émergence d’un étage foliaire et la chute de sa surface verte de 10%. L’émergence est calculée grâce à la notion de phyllotherme. La chute de surface verte est estimée avec l’ajustement d’une courbe de Gompertz aux notations. Sur 7 essais avec 6 à 9 variétés de précocités et de résistances variés où la maladie a été notée régulièrement, l’indicateur explique bien les variations de rendement. La démarche a été testée sur des essais comportant uniquement deux notations de maladie, ce qui a permis de donner des recommandations pour l’utilisation de l’indicateur.
- Published
- 2009
18. Modélisation des interactions épidémie - couvert végétal : De la recherche à la mise au point d'outils opérationnels pour la protection intégrée des cultures
- Author
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Gouache, D., Andrieu, Bruno, Bancal, Marie-Odile, Bancal, Pierre, Chelle, Michaël, Fournier, Christian, Gate, P., Robert, Corinne, Ney, Bertrand, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
- Subjects
INTERACTION HOTE-PATHOGENE ,SEPTORIOSE ,ARCHITECTURE ,INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,PROTECTION INTEGREE ,CROP CANOPY ,WHEAT ,MYCOSPHAERELLA GRAMINICOLA ,ECOPHYSIOLOGIE ,TRITICUM AESTIVUM ,PEUPLEMENT VEGETAL ,SEPTORIA ,BLE - Abstract
Actes sous forme de cédérom + tome résumés.; The complexity of the interactions between crops and diseases complicates the conception of robust decision support systems, crop management strategies and breeding for limiting disease impacts. A collaborative project between Arvalis and the UMR EGC (INRA AgroPArisTech) has given rise to operational tools for the comprehension of the relations between crop canopies and epidemics, using Septoria Tritici Blotch of wheat as a “model”. We hypothesize that canopy structure could be relevant to enhance new forms of pest management, included elaboration of resistant of ideotypes. This project is based on a common conceptual framework identifying the different key-points of interactions between disease and the canopy shared by both institutions. The results, and the process, are described hereafter and presented in detail in the posters that are referred to.; La complexité des interactions entre les maladies et les couverts végétaux rend difficile la prise en compte de nombreux facteurs influençant celles-ci. Cette complexité limite l'élaboration d'outils fiables d'aide à la décision, la conception d’itinéraires techniques freinant les maladies, et l’évaluation variétale. Un projet collaboratif entre Arvalis et l’UMR EGC (INRA AgroParisTech), a permis d'élaborer des outils opérationnels, stables, fondés sur la compréhension des relations entre couvert et maladie, prenant la septoriose du blé comme "modèle" dans le cadre de l’Unité Mixte de Technologie Pivert. Ce projet repose sur un cadre conceptuel commun identifiant et hiérarchisant les différents points-clés des interactions entre épidémie et couvert. Les résultats, et la démarche, sont déclinés dans cette communication, et présentés en détail dans les posters auxquels il est fait référence.
- Published
- 2009
19. Decision support systems for diseases in horticultural crops: tendencies, bottlenecks and next steps
- Author
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Levay, N., Gouache, D., and Rydahl, Per
- Published
- 2008
20. Control of wheat diseases - optimizing control strategies
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Jørgensen, Lise Nistrup, Jahn, M, Clark, B, Antichi, D, Góral, T, Schepers, H, Lucas, P, Rolland, B, Gouache, D, and Hornok, L
- Published
- 2008
21. Crop architecture and crop tolerance to fungal diseases and insect herbivory. Mechanisms to limit crop losses
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Ney, B., primary, Bancal, M. O., additional, Bancal, P., additional, Bingham, I. J., additional, Foulkes, J., additional, Gouache, D., additional, Paveley, N., additional, and Smith, J., additional
- Published
- 2012
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22. The effects of climate change on agriculture and forest in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Region
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Barbier, J. M., Baury, C., Bertuzzi, P., Alberte Bondeau, Couderc, V., Courbet, F., Curt, T., Dalstein-Richier, L., Davi, H., Delmotte, S., Dobremez, L., Dupuy, J. L., Fader, M., Anne Marie Farnet da Silva, Ferreira, O., Fouant, T., Iñaki Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, Garde, L., Thierry Gauquelin, Hossard, L., Gouache, D., Gros, R., Guibal, F., Hammond, R., Jezequel, S., Ladier, J., Lefevre, F., Legave, J. M., Mouret, J. C., Napoleone, C., Pimont, F., Prévosto, B., Rigolot, E., Rossello, P., Sicard, P., Vennetier, M., Vial, B., and Vieux, S.
23. Corrigendum to: Marker-based crop model assisted ideotype design to improve avoidance of abiotic stress in bread wheat.
- Author
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Bogard M, Hourcade D, Piquemal B, Gouache D, Deswartes JC, Throude M, and Cohan JP
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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24. Author Correction: A data-driven simulation platform to predict cultivars' performances under uncertain weather conditions.
- Author
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de Los Campos G, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Bogard M, Gouache D, and Crossa J
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- 2021
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25. Marker-based crop model-assisted ideotype design to improve avoidance of abiotic stress in bread wheat.
- Author
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Bogard M, Hourcade D, Piquemal B, Gouache D, Deswartes JC, Throude M, and Cohan JP
- Subjects
- Crops, Agricultural genetics, France, Stress, Physiological, Triticum genetics
- Abstract
Wheat phenology allows escape from seasonal abiotic stresses including frosts and high temperatures, the latter being forecast to increase with climate change. The use of marker-based crop models to identify ideotypes has been proposed to select genotypes adapted to specific weather and management conditions and anticipate climate change. In this study, a marker-based crop model for wheat phenology was calibrated and tested. Climate analysis of 30 years of historical weather data in 72 locations representing the main wheat production areas in France was performed. We carried out marker-based crop model simulations for 1019 wheat cultivars and three sowing dates, which allowed calculation of genotypic stress avoidance frequencies of frost and heat stress and identification of ideotypes. The phenology marker-based crop model allowed prediction of large genotypic variations for the beginning of stem elongation (GS30) and heading date (GS55). Prediction accuracy was assessed using untested genotypes and environments, and showed median genotype prediction errors of 8.5 and 4.2 days for GS30 and GS55, respectively. Climate analysis allowed the definition of a low risk period for each location based on the distribution of the last frost and first heat days. Clustering of locations showed three groups with contrasting levels of frost and heat risks. Marker-based crop model simulations showed the need to optimize the genotype depending on sowing date, particularly in high risk environments. An empirical validation of the approach showed that it holds good promises to improve frost and heat stress avoidance., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2021
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26. A data-driven simulation platform to predict cultivars' performances under uncertain weather conditions.
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de Los Campos G, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Bogard M, Gouache D, and Crossa J
- Subjects
- Agriculture methods, DNA, Plant, Edible Grain genetics, France, Gene-Environment Interaction, Models, Genetic, Phenotype, Triticum genetics, Computer Simulation, Crops, Agricultural genetics, Genotype, Uncertainty, Weather
- Abstract
In most crops, genetic and environmental factors interact in complex ways giving rise to substantial genotype-by-environment interactions (G×E). We propose that computer simulations leveraging field trial data, DNA sequences, and historical weather records can be used to tackle the longstanding problem of predicting cultivars' future performances under largely uncertain weather conditions. We present a computer simulation platform that uses Monte Carlo methods to integrate uncertainty about future weather conditions and model parameters. We use extensive experimental wheat yield data (n = 25,841) to learn G×E patterns and validate, using left-trial-out cross-validation, the predictive performance of the model. Subsequently, we use the fitted model to generate circa 143 million grain yield data points for 28 wheat genotypes in 16 locations in France, over 16 years of historical weather records. The phenotypes generated by the simulation platform have multiple downstream uses; we illustrate this by predicting the distribution of expected yield at 448 cultivar-location combinations and performing means-stability analyses.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Functional mapping of N deficiency-induced response in wheat yield-component traits by implementing high-throughput phenotyping.
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Jiang L, Sun L, Ye M, Wang J, Wang Y, Bogard M, Lacaze X, Fournier A, Beauchêne K, Gouache D, and Wu R
- Subjects
- Fertilizers, Phenotype, Plant Breeding, Triticum growth & development, Triticum physiology, Genome-Wide Association Study, Nitrogen deficiency, Quantitative Trait Loci genetics, Triticum genetics
- Abstract
As overfertilization leads to environmental concerns and the cost of N fertilizer increases, the issue of how to select crop cultivars that can produce high yields on N-deficient soils has become crucially important. However, little information is known about the genetic mechanisms by which crops respond to environmental changes induced by N signaling. Here, we dissected the genetic architecture of N-induced phenotypic plasticity in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by integrating functional mapping and semiautomatic high-throughput phenotyping data of yield-related canopy architecture. We identified a set of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that determined the pattern and magnitude of how wheat cultivars responded to low N stress from normal N supply throughout the wheat life cycle. This analysis highlighted the phenological landscape of genetic effects exerted by individual QTLs, as well as their interactions with N-induced signals and with canopy measurement angles. This information may shed light on our mechanistic understanding of plant adaptation and provide valuable information for the breeding of N-deficiency tolerant wheat varieties., (© 2018 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Epistatic determinism of durum wheat resistance to the wheat spindle streak mosaic virus.
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Holtz Y, Bonnefoy M, Viader V, Ardisson M, Rode NO, Poux G, Roumet P, Marie-Jeanne V, Ranwez V, Santoni S, Gouache D, and David JL
- Subjects
- Chromosome Mapping, Crosses, Genetic, Genetic Linkage, Genetic Markers, Genotype, Phenotype, Plant Diseases virology, Triticum virology, Disease Resistance genetics, Epistasis, Genetic, Plant Diseases genetics, Potyviridae, Quantitative Trait Loci, Triticum genetics
- Abstract
Key Message: The resistance of durum wheat to the Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) is controlled by two main QTLs on chromosomes 7A and 7B, with a huge epistatic effect. Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) is a major disease of durum wheat in Europe and North America. Breeding WSSMV-resistant cultivars is currently the only way to control the virus since no treatment is available. This paper reports studies of the inheritance of WSSMV resistance using two related durum wheat populations obtained by crossing two elite cultivars with a WSSMV-resistant emmer cultivar. In 2012 and 2015, 354 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) were phenotyped using visual notations, ELISA and qPCR and genotyped using locus targeted capture and sequencing. This allowed us to build a consensus genetic map of 8568 markers and identify three chromosomal regions involved in WSSMV resistance. Two major regions (located on chromosomes 7A and 7B) jointly explain, on the basis of epistatic interactions, up to 43% of the phenotypic variation. Flanking sequences of our genetic markers are provided to facilitate future marker-assisted selection of WSSMV-resistant cultivars.
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- 2017
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29. Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grain Protein Concentration Is Related to Early Post-Flowering Nitrate Uptake under Putative Control of Plant Satiety Level.
- Author
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Taulemesse F, Le Gouis J, Gouache D, Gibon Y, and Allard V
- Subjects
- Biomass, Bread, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genotype, Nitrates metabolism, Nitrogen metabolism, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Roots metabolism, Flowers physiology, Plant Proteins metabolism, Triticum genetics
- Abstract
The strong negative correlation between grain protein concentration (GPC) and grain yield (GY) in bread wheat complicates the simultaneous improvement of these traits. However, earlier studies have concluded that the deviation from this relationship (grain protein deviation or GPD) has strong genetic basis. Genotypes with positive GPD have an increased ability to uptake nitrogen (N) during the post-flowering period independently of the amount of N taken up before flowering, suggesting that genetic variability for N satiety could enable the breakage of the negative relationship. This study is based on two genotypes markedly contrasted for GPD grown under semi-hydroponic conditions differentiated for nitrate availability both before and after flowering. This allows exploration of the genetic determinants of post-flowering N uptake (PANU) by combining whole plant sampling and targeted gene expression approaches. The results highlights the correlation (r² = 0.81) with GPC of PANU occurring early during grain development (flowering-flowering + 250 degree-days) independently of GY. Early PANU was in turn correlated (r² = 0.80) to the stem-biomass increment after flowering through its effect on N sink activity. Differences in early PANU between genotypes, despite comparable N statuses at flowering, suggest that genetic differences in N satiety could be involved in the establishment of the GPC. Through its strong negative correlation with genes implied in N assimilation, root nitrate concentration appears to be a good marker for evaluating instantaneous plant N demand, and may provide valuable information on the genotypic N satiety level. This trait may help breeders to identify genotypes having high GPC independently of their GY.
- Published
- 2016
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30. Post-flowering nitrate uptake in wheat is controlled by N status at flowering, with a putative major role of root nitrate transporter NRT2.1.
- Author
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Taulemesse F, Le Gouis J, Gouache D, Gibon Y, and Allard V
- Subjects
- Anion Transport Proteins genetics, Biological Transport, Biomass, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Nitrate Transporters, Plant Proteins genetics, Triticum genetics, Triticum growth & development, Anion Transport Proteins metabolism, Flowers growth & development, Nitrates metabolism, Nitrogen metabolism, Plant Proteins metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism, Triticum metabolism
- Abstract
In bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the simultaneous improvement of both yield and grain protein is difficult because of the strong negative relationship between these two traits. However, some genotypes deviate positively from this relationship and this has been linked to their ability to take up nitrogen (N) during the post-flowering period, regardless of their N status at flowering. The physiological and genetic determinants of post-flowering N uptake relating to N satiety are poorly understood. This study uses semi-hydroponic culture of cv. Récital under controlled conditions to explore these controls. The first objective was to record the effects of contrasting N status at flowering on post-flowering nitrate (NO₃⁻) uptake under non-limiting NO₃⁻ conditions, while following the expression of key genes involved in NO₃⁻ uptake and assimilation. We found that post-flowering NO₃⁻ uptake was strongly influenced by plant N status at flowering during the first 300-400 degree-days after flowering, overlapping with a probable regulation of nitrate uptake exerted by N demand for growth. The uptake of NO₃⁻ correlated well with the expression of the gene TaNRT2.1, coding for a root NO₃⁻ transporter, which seems to play a major role in post-flowering NO₃⁻ uptake. These results provide a useful knowledge base for future investigation of genetic variability in post-flowering N uptake and may lead to concomitant gains in both grain yield and grain protein in wheat.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Efficiently tracking selection in a multiparental population: the case of earliness in wheat.
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Thépot S, Restoux G, Goldringer I, Hospital F, Gouache D, Mackay I, and Enjalbert J
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Alleles, Chromosomes, Plant, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Frequency, Genetics, Population, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, Crosses, Genetic, Models, Genetic, Selection, Genetic, Triticum genetics
- Abstract
Multiparental populations are innovative tools for fine mapping large numbers of loci. Here we explored the application of a wheat Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross (MAGIC) population for QTL mapping. This population was created by 12 generations of free recombination among 60 founder lines, following modification of the mating system from strict selfing to strict outcrossing using the ms1b nuclear male sterility gene. Available parents and a subset of 380 SSD lines of the resulting MAGIC population were phenotyped for earliness and genotyped with the 9K i-Select SNP array and additional markers in candidate genes controlling heading date. We demonstrated that 12 generations of strict outcrossing rapidly and drastically reduced linkage disequilibrium to very low levels even at short map distances and also greatly reduced the population structure exhibited among the parents. We developed a Bayesian method, based on allelic frequency, to estimate the contribution of each parent in the evolved population. To detect loci under selection and estimate selective pressure, we also developed a new method comparing shifts in allelic frequency between the initial and the evolved populations due to both selection and genetic drift with expectations under drift only. This evolutionary approach allowed us to identify 26 genomic areas under selection. Using association tests between flowering time and polymorphisms, 6 of these genomic areas appeared to carry flowering time QTL, 1 of which corresponds to Ppd-D1, a major gene involved in the photoperiod sensitivity. Frequency shifts at 4 of 6 areas were consistent with earlier flowering of the evolved population relative to the initial population. The use of this new outcrossing wheat population, mixing numerous initial parental lines through multiple generations of panmixia, is discussed in terms of power to detect genes under selection and association mapping. Furthermore we provide new statistical methods for use in future analyses of multiparental populations., (Copyright © 2015 by the Genetics Society of America.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Modelling the effect of wheat canopy architecture as affected by sowing density on Septoria tritici epidemics using a coupled epidemic-virtual plant model.
- Author
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Baccar R, Fournier C, Dornbusch T, Andrieu B, Gouache D, and Robert C
- Subjects
- Ascomycota pathogenicity, Plant Leaves growth & development, Plant Leaves microbiology, Soil chemistry, Spores, Fungal physiology, Temperature, Time Factors, Triticum growth & development, Computer Simulation, Models, Biological, Plant Diseases microbiology, Triticum microbiology
- Abstract
Background and Aims: The relationship between Septoria tritici, a splash-dispersed disease, and its host is complex because of the interactions between the dynamic plant architecture and the vertical progress of the disease. The aim of this study was to test the capacity of a coupled virtual wheat-Septoria tritici epidemic model (Septo3D) to simulate disease progress on the different leaf layers for contrasted sowing density treatments., Methods: A field experiment was performed with winter wheat 'Soissons' grown at three contrasted densities. Plant architecture was characterized to parameterize the wheat model, and disease dynamic was monitored to compare with simulations. Three simulation scenarios, differing in the degree of detail with which plant variability of development was represented, were defined., Key Results: Despite architectural differences between density treatments, few differences were found in disease progress; only the lower-density treatment resulted in a slightly higher rate of lesion development. Model predictions were consistent with field measurements but did not reproduce the higher rate of lesion progress in the low density. The canopy reconstruction scenario in which inter-plant variability was taken into account yielded the best agreement between measured and simulated epidemics. Simulations performed with the canopy represented by a population of the same average plant deviated strongly from the observations., Conclusions: It was possible to compare the predicted and measured epidemics on detailed variables, supporting the hypothesis that the approach is able to provide new insights into the processes and plant traits that contribute to the epidemics. On the other hand, the complex and dynamic responses to sowing density made it difficult to test the model precisely and to disentangle the various aspects involved. This could be overcome by comparing more contrasted and/or simpler canopy architectures such as those resulting from quasi-isogenic lines differing by single architectural traits.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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