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Shifeng Sheng,1 Jingfeng Chen,1 Yuheng Zhang,1 Weikang Li,1 Feifei Li,1 Rong Gou,2 Lin Tang,2 Suying Ding1 1Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lin Tang, Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Longhu Middle Ring Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13783623040, Email tanglin@zzu.edu.cn Suying Ding, Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Longhu Middle Ring Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15838023097, Email fccdingsy@zzu.edu.cnObjective: To explore the correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) trajectories and new-onset hypertension, to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.Methods: The study cohort was composed of 4372 subjects who met the inclusion criteria in the cohort study of Henan physical examination population. According to the SUA values of the subjects’ physical examination from 2017 to 2019, three different SUA trajectory groups were determined by R LCTM tools, namely low stability group, medium stability group and high stability group. The incidence of hypertension during physical examination in 2020 was followed up, the cumulative incidence rate in each group was calculated by product limit method, and the correlation between different SUA trajectories and new-onset hypertension was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results: The incidence rate of hypertension increased with the increase of SUA locus, which was 4.65%, 9.18% and 12.43% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.001). After adjusting multiple confounding factors, such as gender, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and blood lipid by Cox proportional hazards regression model, the risk of hypertension in SUA medium stability and high stability group was still 1.476 times ( 95% CI: 1.089~2.000) and 1.692 times ( 95% CI: 1.152~2.484) of low-stable SUA group (P< 0.05).Conclusion: The risk of hypertension increases with the increase of SUA level in the long-term normal range. It is necessary to carry out the intervention for hypertension with long-term normal high value to avoid the progress of hypertension disease, to achieve the purpose of early prevention of hypertension.Keywords: uric acid, hypertension, trajectories, correlation, health physical examination

Ming-Jun Zheng,1,2,* Jing Wang,1,2,* Hui-Min Wang,1,2 Ling-Ling Gao,1,2 Xiao Li,1,2 Wen-Chao Zhang,1,2 Rui Gou,1,2 Qian Guo,1,2 Xin Nie,1,2 Juan-Juan Liu,1,2 Bei Lin1,2 1Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China; 2Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Liaoning, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the expression of peroxiredoxin1 (PRDX1) in epithelial ovarian cancer, analyze the relationship between PRDX1 and clinicopathologic parameters of patients with ovarian cancer, including their prognosis, and describe changes and the mechanisms involved in malignant biologic behavior of ovarian cancer cells when PRDX1 expression is inhibited.Methods: The expression of PRDX1 was detected immunohistochemically in 15 samples of normal ovarian tissue, 21 benign, 11 borderline, and 101 malignant epithelial ovarian tumors. Changes in ovarian cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis before and after inhibiting PRDX1 expression were assessed by cell function assay. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of PRDX1 was performed by the Cancer Genome Atlas database. A protein–protein interaction network was then constructed and a pathway function analysis of the genes in the network was conducted.Results: PRDX1 expression was mainly localized to the cytoplasm, as well as the nucleus of cells. The expression rate of PRDX1 in epithelial ovarian malignant tissues (96.04%) was significantly higher than that in borderline (72.72%) and benign (57.14%) epithelial ovarian tumors, and normal ovarian tissue (20%; all P

Nanomaterials (NMs) have found extensive applications in the realm of ornamental plants due to their unique properties. This article comprehensively discusses four main aspects of NM utilization in ornamental plants: 1) providing new insights into challenging problems in tissue culture, 2) exploring their regulatory effects on the growth of ornamental plants, 3) enhancing the resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, and 4) discussing their widespread application and mechanisms in cut flower harvesting. Furthermore, potential issues and future directions are explored, providing a deeper theoretical basis for the application of novel NMs in the realm of ornamental plants.

Dual-phase steels have received extensive attention in autobody frame manufacturing due to the resulting characteristics of an interesting combination of ductile ferrite and hard martensite. Moreover, the ductile ferrite and hard martensite lead to heterogeneous deformation in the boundary between the two phases. Then, geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) are created to accommodate a lattice mismatch due to the deformation incompatibility of the boundary in straining. In this study, a new empirical GND model is developed, in which the GND density is a function of local plastic deformation; the GND density is distributed in the phase boundary in accordance with an “S” model of material plastic strain. The boundary conditions are applied to define the parameters. The proposed model is verified with DP600 steel. The effects of the GNDs and the width between ferrite and martensite on the strain hardening of DP600 steel are evaluated.

Dynamic multiscale graph neural networks have high motion prediction errors due to the low correlation between the internal joints of body parts and the limited perceptual fields. A multiscale global adaptive attention graph neural network for human motion prediction is proposed to reduce motion prediction errors. Firstly, a multi-distance partitioning strategy for dividing skeleton joint is proposed to improve the degree of temporal and spatial correlation of body joint information. Secondly, a global adaptive attention spatial temporal graph convolutional network is designed to dynamically enhance the network??s attention to the spatial temporal joints contributing to a motion in combination with global adaptive attention. Finally, this paper integrates the above two improvements into the graph convolutional neural network gate recurrent unit to enhance the state propagation performance of the decoding network and reduce prediction errors. Experimental results show that the prediction error of the proposed method is decreased on Human 3.6M dataset, CMU Mocap dataset and 3DPW dataset compared with state-of-the-art methods.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of ischemic preconditioning on pulmonary damage associated with reduced-size orthotopic liver transplantation (ROLT) and attempted to identify the underlying protective mechanisms. DESIGN: Randomized and controlled animals study. SETTING: Experimental laboratory. SUBJECTS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS: Lung damage was evaluated in ROLT with or without preconditioning. Nitric oxide and interleukin (IL)-1 actions were altered pharmacologically. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: IL-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR), and inflammatory response in lung were measured after ROLT. Our results indicate the involvement of IL-1 in the lung damage following ROLT. Ischemic preconditioning, mediated by nitric oxide, reduced IL-1 release and protected against lung damage. Nitric oxide synthesis inhibition in the preconditioned group led to increased IL-1 levels and increased lung damage following ROLT, whereas the addition of IL-1 receptor antagonist protected against the injurious effects of nitric oxide inhibition. In addition, nitric oxide pretreatment gave similar results in terms of IL-1alpha and lung protection to those found in preconditioning. The benefits to the lung attributable to IL-1 inhibition might be linked to the effect of this cytokine on sTNFR, an endogenous mechanism that modulates systemic TNF actions. In fact, strategies aimed at inhibiting IL-1 action, including IL-1 receptor antagonist, ischemic preconditioning, and nitric oxide donor, increased systemic sTNFR2 and decreased free TNF, following ROLT. Similarly, nitric oxide synthesis inhibition in the preconditioned group, which increased IL-1alpha and lung damage, reduced systemic sTNFR2 and increased free TNF levels. These injurious effects were avoided when IL-1 action was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic preconditioning and pharmacologic strategies that simulate its benefits protected against lung damage in an experimental model of ROLT. Our results also suggest a potential relationship between nitric oxide, IL-1, and TNF/sTNF in the benefits of preconditioning on the lung damage associated with ROLT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the health risks of tobacco smoking are well documented, there is increasing evidence that smokers have a low incidence of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, this reduced immunity may pave a way for increased relative risk of harboring these viral entities such as human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and HPV 18 more specifically in oral cavity. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether tobacco smoking is associated with the prevalence of HPV 16 and HPV 18 in saliva of chronic smokers and nonsmokers. Methodology: A total of sixty participants constitute the study groups. Out of sixty participants, thirty were grouped with smoking habits, Group I (n = 30) and remaining thirty with no history of smoking, Group II (n = 30). DNA was extracted from saliva of all the participants using QIAamp “DNA mini kit.” Polymerase chain reaction was performed, using primer sequence specific for HPV 16 and HPV 18 obtained from NCBI database. The determination of HPV 16 and HPV 18 was done if and only if the bands were noticed on the ethidium bromide stained agarose gel at 120 bp for HPV 16 and 180 bp for HPV 18. Results: HPV 16 and HPV 18 were not found in both smokers and nonsmokers. Conclusion: The present study is in opinion that smoking is not associated with the HPV 16 and HPV 18 prevalence in saliva. However, the possibilities of synergistic effects of reduced immunity, as a result of smoking and increased prevalence of HPV 16 and HPV 18 in HPV-diagnosed individuals, should be addressed with a large sample.

In this study, we developed a composite material comprising UIO-66-NH 2 encapsulated tannic acid (TA) loaded on Ti 3 C 2 Tx to improve the corrosion resistance of water borne epoxy (WEP) coatings. The successful synthesis of the material was determined by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, EDS, TGA, SEM and TEM characterization. Furthermore, ultraviolet (UV)tests were conducted to evaluate the release rate of TA at varying pH levels, revealing a release rate of approximately 95 % at pH 2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results over 60 d indicated that the R c value of TU-T/WEP remained unchanged at 3.934 × 10 8 , demonstrating a two-order magnitude increase compared to those of pure epoxy coatings, attributed to the synergistic active and passive protection of TU-T materials. The self-healing ability of the TU-T/WEP coating was validated through manual scratch experiments. Additionally, the EIS test showed that the R c value of TU-T/WEP coating increased to 3.5 × 10 5 after 72 h, representing a two-order magnitude increase over that of the WEP coating alone. This study introduces a novel approach using green tannic acid as a corrosion inhibitor and amino-functionalized Ti 3 C 2 Tx with UIO-66-NH 2 to enhance corrosion resistance and self-healing aproperties of coatings., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Blood always shows coagulation changes after spinal cord injury (SCI), and identifying these blood changes may be helpful for diagnosis and treatment of SCI. Nevertheless, studies to date on blood coagulation changes after SCI in humans are not comprehensive. Therefore, this study aims to identify blood coagulation diagnostic biomarkers and immune changes related to SCI and its severity levels., Methods: Human blood sequencing datasets were obtained from public databases. Differentially expressed coagulation-related genes were analyzed (DECRGs). Enrichment analysis and assessment of immune changes were conducted. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression were used to identify biomarkers. Validation for these biomarkers was performed. The correlation between biomarkers and immune cells was evaluated. Transcription factors, miRNA, lncRNA, and drugs that can regulate biomarkers were analyzed., Results: DECRGs associated with SCI and its different grades were identified, showing enrichment in altered coagulation and immune-related signaling pathways. ADAM9, CD55, and STAT4 were identified as coagulation diagnostic biomarkers for SCI. IRF4 and PABPC4 were identified as coagulation diagnostic biomarkers for American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A grade of SCI. GP9 was designated as a diagnostic biomarker for AIS D grade of SCI. Immune changes in blood of SCI and its different grades were observed. Correlation between diagnostic biomarkers and immune cells were identified. Transcription factors, miRNA, lncRNA, and drugs that can regulate diagnostic biomarker expression were discovered., Conclusion: Therefore, detecting the expression of these putative diagnostic biomarkers and related immune changes may be helpful for predicting the severity of SCI. Uncovering potential regulatory mechanisms for biomarkers may be beneficial for further research., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have attracted much attention because of their significant hypoglycemic and weight-loss effects. Previous preparations can only be subcutaneously injected. Oral administration of GLP-1RAs semaglutide helps to broaden treatment options, but its safety in the real world still needs to be observed. This study is based on FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database to mine adverse drug events (ADE) of oral semaglutide, and provide references for the clinical safe use of this drug., Methods: To analyze the signal quality of oral semaglutide, which is a drug used in the FAERS database from the third quarter of 2019 to the third quarter of 2023, we collected ADE data and performed data mining by using disproportionate analysis. Then, we standardized the data and used a variety of signal-quantification techniques, including reported odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian belief propagation neural network (BCPNN), and multiple empirical Bayesian gamma Poisson contractions (MGPS), for further analysis., Results: We screened 2398 reports on the use of semaglutide tablets, involving a total of 5653 ADE. These reports were mainly submitted by consumers, and the reporting country was mainly the United States. A total of 23 system organ classes (SOC) and 93 preferred terms (PT) were mined for the signals of semaglutide tablets. The three most common SOC were gastrointestinal disorders, general disorders and administration site conditions, and investigations. At the PT level, metabolism and nutrition disorders exhibit the highest number of signals, with the top three being thyroid cyst, acute cholecystitis, and ketosis. Gastrointestinal disorders rank second, primarily involving eructation, pancreatitis, impaired gastric emptying, and regurgitation. In addition, vith nerve paralysis occurs and the signal intensity is high., Conclusions: Our study provides a deeper and broader understanding of the safety of oral semaglutide. The results of the ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and MGPS algorithms exhibit high consistency, with metabolism and nutrition-related disorders having the highest number of signals. The conclusions align with the technical specifications of the product. Notably, other unexpected effects are reported, including acute cholecystitis, paralysis of the abducens nerve, and positional vertigo., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The synergistic anti-tumor impact of phototherapy and a cascading immune response are profoundly limited by hypoxia and a weakened immune response. Intravenous and intratumoral injection of therapeutic drugs also cause pain, rapid drug clearance and low utilization rates. Here, a novel cryo-millineedle platform for intratumoral delivery of a phototherapy system, S.epi@IR820, is developed in this work, combining the properties of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and IR820 for photo-immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. In this cryo-millineedle platform, S. epidermidis enhances the near-infrared absorption and light stability of IR820 and catalyzes the decomposition of H 2 O 2 into O 2 via an endogenous catalase to relieve tumor hypoxia, improve phototherapy and enhance immunogenic cell death (ICD). More interestingly, the native immunogenicity of S. epidermidis and ICD elicited by phototherapy achieved a potent anti-tumor immune response. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to utilize native S. epidermidis to relieve hypoxia and facilitate phototherapy. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the millineedle based phototherapy system can efficiently catalyse the decomposition of H 2 O 2 into O 2 , facilitate phototherapeutic killing of CT26 tumor cells by S.epi@IR820 and enhance ICD, thus successfully activated the immune response and achieved the photo-immunotherapy against colorectal cancer. In conclusion, this study provides a novel strategy for enhanced anti-tumor efficiency of photo-immunotherapy, and develops an effective method for orthotopic administration of tumors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The Atlantic circulation is a key component of the global ocean conveyor that transports heat and nutrients worldwide. Its likely weakening due to global warming has implications for climate and ecology. However, the expected changes remain largely uncertain as low-resolution climate models currently in use do not resolve small scales. Although the large-scale circulation tends to weaken uniformly in both the low-resolution and our high-resolution climate model version, we find that the small-scale circulation in the North Atlantic changes abruptly under global warming and exhibits pronounced spatial heterogeneity. Furthermore, the future Atlantic Ocean circulation in the high-resolution model version expands in conjunction with a sea ice retreat and strengthening toward the Arctic. Finally, the cutting-edge climate model indicates sensitive shifts in the eddies and circulation on regional scales for future warming and thus provides a benchmark for next-generation climate models that can get rid of parametrizations of unresolved scales.

The use of graphene-based materials as anticorrosion coatings to protect metals is always a topic of discussion. In this work, silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) was aminated to improve its water dispersibility. Then it is attached to the graphene oxide (GO) surface to improve compatibility with epoxy (EP) resin as well as conductivity. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and zeta potentials test analyses indicated that Si 3 N 4 -NH 2 @GO with a layer-point structure has been successfully prepared. The corrosion resistance of the composite coatings was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curve analysis, and the wear resistance of the composite coatings was tested by friction and wear tests. The results showed that 1.0% Si 3 N 4 -NH 2 @GO has excellent corrosion and wear resistance. The use of Si 3 N 4 -NH 2 @GO layer point structures in this study broadens the way for GO applications.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women. At present, the pathogenesis has not been clarified, and the clinical application of drugs and lifestyle intervention may not prevent disease progression. This study aimed to investigate how circ&#95;0043314 regulates ovarian granulosa cell biological functions to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of patients with PCOS. MicroRNA (miR)-146b-3p/Apelin 13 axis was used to investigate the mechanism by which circ&#95;0043314 regulated ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis in PCOS via miR-146b-3p/Apelin 13 axis. Participants/Materials, Methods: Ovarian tissues (cortical tissues) from 35 PCOS patients and 35 normal controls, as well as HEK293T and human ovarian granulosa cell line (KGN, COV434), were included in this study. We examined the expression levels of circ&#95;0043314, miR-146b-3p, and Apelin 13 in PCOS tissues. Ovarian granulosa cells were transfected with corresponding plasmids to clarify the influence of circ&#95;0043314, miR-146b-3p, or Apelin 13 on proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells through MTT and flow cytometry assays. Moreover, the relationships among circ&#95;0043314, miR-146b-3p, and Apelin 13 were analyzed through dual-luciferase and RNA immunoprecipitation assays., Results: Circ&#95;0043314 and Apelin 13 were highly expressed and miR-146b-3p was lowly expressed in ovarian tissues of PCOS compared with non-PCOS controls. Downregulation of circ&#95;0043314 or upregulation of miR-146b-3p hindered ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and advanced its apoptosis. Downregulation of miR-146b-3p reversed the impacts of downregulation of circ&#95;0043314, and overexpression of Apelin 13 counteracted the influences of upregulation of miR-146b-3p in ovarian granulosa cells. Mechanically, circ&#95;0043314 could bind to miR-146b-3p, and miR-146b-3p directly targeted and modulated Apelin 13 expression., Limitations: This study was limited by the lack of animal experiments., Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that circ&#95;0043314 enhances ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and suppresses its apoptosis via miR-146b-3p/Apelin 13 axis., (© 2024 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Background: Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a glo\bal public health problem. The etiology of HUA is complex and efficient and accurate assessment metrics are still lacking when conducting large-scale epidemiologic screening. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, TyG-body mass index (BMI), TyG-waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with the risk of HUA., Methods: Based on data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States and the China Health and Aging Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in China, a total of 14,286 U.S. adults and 4,620 Chinese adults were included in the analysis. The study examined the levels of TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR, and TyG-WC. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to investigate the relationships between these variables and hyperuricemia (HUA), separately. Additionally, the study used restricted cubic splines (RCS) to explore the linear associations of TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR, TyG-WC, and HUA, separately., Results: The NHANES results showed that TyG [Q2, 1.58(1.26, 1.98); Q3, 2.36 (1.94, 2.88); Q4, 3.21 (2.61, 3.94)], TyG-BMI [Q2, 2.14 (1.74, 2.65); Q3, 3.38 (2.74, 4.17); Q4, 6.70 (5.55, 8.02)], TyG-WHtR [Q2, 1.92 (1.56, 2.36); Q3, 3.14 (2.56, 3.85); Q4, 6.28 (5.12, 7.69)], TyG-WC [Q2, 2.32 (1.85, 2.90); Q3, 3.51 (2.84, 4.34); Q4, 7.32 (5.95, 9.02)] were identified as risk factors for hyperuricemia (HUA). Similarly, the CHARLS results, when fully adjusted for covariates, indicated that TyG [Q4, 2.36 (1.08, 5.15)], TyG-BMI [Q3, 2.60 (1.05, 6.41); Q4, 3.70 (1.64, 8.32)], TyG-WHtR (Q4, 2.84 (1.23, 6.55), TyG-WC [Q4, 2.85 (1.23, 6.5)] were also risk factors for HUA. The predictive ability of each indicator for the risk of developing HUA was stronger in women than in men. Furthermore, there was an observed nonlinear relationship between TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR, TyG-WC, and HUA in both the NHANES and CHARLS datasets ( P-nonlinearity < 0.05)., Conclusion: These findings suggest that TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR and TyG-WC are associated with an increased risk of HUA. They are potential indicators for screening HUA status in the general population in China and the United States., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Gou, Dou, Tian, Chang, Zhao, Meng and Li.)

Radon, prevalent in underground spaces, requires continuous monitoring due to health risks. Traditional detectors are often expensive, bulky, and ill-suited for humid environments in underground spaces. This study presents a compact, cost-effective radon detector designed for long-term, online monitoring. It uses a small ionization chamber with natural airflow, avoiding the need for fans or pumps, and includes noise filtering and humidity mitigation. Featuring multi-point networking and easy integration capabilities, this detector significantly enhances radon monitoring in challenging, underground conditions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Diet and dietary inflammation play an important role in depression. The aim of this study was to assess the association of SFAs with depression risk and the mediating role of DII., Method: Among 22, 478 U.S. adults (≥ 20, years old) according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), univariate logistic regression, and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between dietary intake of SFAs and the risk of depression. Dietary inflammation levels were evaluated using the DII. Mediation analysis was used to investigate the risk of DII and depression. The nonlinear relationship between SFAs and depression was assessed using restricted cubic spline (RCS)., Results: There was a significant difference in SFA 6.0 dietary intake between depression and non-depression individuals. After adjusting for potential confounders, multifactorial logistic regression results showed that SFA 8.0 (Q3 1.58 (1.09, 2.30), p -value = 0.017; Q4 1.55 (1.00, 2.42), p -value = 0.050) may increase the prevalence factor for depression, SFA 14.0 (Q3 0.67 (0.47, 0.94), p -value = 0.020) may decrease the risk of depression. There were sex and age differences in the effects of different subtypes of SFAs on depression. Dietary intake of SFA 12.0 content showed a nonlinear relationship with the risk of depression ( p -value = 0.005). Furthermore, DII was recognized as a mediator of the association between SFAs and the risk of depression., Conclusion: The findings suggest that dietary intake of SFAs is associated with the risk of depression in relation to the chain length of SFAs, and this may be due to the mediating effect of DII., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Qi and Gou.)

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health concern, and it is particularly harmful to middle-aged and elderly individuals. Life Element Eight (LE8), a measure to improve cardiovascular health, may offer benefits for MetS. Herein, we examined the relationship between LE8 and MetS among middle-aged and elderly individuals, and elucidated the role of biological aging and inflammation in this process., Methods: We obtained the LE8 scores of 2,901 Americans, along with their biological aging indicators (Biological age, Phenotypic age, Serum Klotho), and computed their inflammatory indicators SII, DII. Using logistic regression model, we assessed the association among inflammatory markers, Biological aging, LE8 and MetS. Additionally, we generated restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots to display trends in significant variables in logistic regression. Using parallel mediation analysis, we evaluated the possible mediating role of various factors in the risk relationship between LE8 and MetS., Results: Our examination revealed that higher LE8 scores were associated with a lower incidence of MetS in a fully adjusted model. The high LE8 subgroup had a 79.73% reduction in the risk of MetS compared to the low subgroup with an OR = 0.2027 (95% Cl 0.0871, 0.4714), with similar correlations between health factor scores and MetS risk. Biological aging mediated the associations between LE8, health behaviors and health factor scores and MetS risk., Conclusion: A rise in the LE8 score among middle-aged and elderly individuals is a protective factor for MetS, and this association may be partially mediated by biological aging, suggesting that LE8 may reduce the risk of MetS by ameliorating aging., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Gou, Xiong, Liang, Wu, Qin, Li, Luo and Chen.)

Improving the dispersibility and compatibility of nanomaterials in water-borne epoxy resins is an important means to improve the protection ability and corrosion resistance of coatings. In this study, glycine-functionalized Ti 3 C 2 T x (GT) was used to prepare an epoxy composite coating. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that glycine was successfully modified. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results showed that the aggregation of Ti 3 C 2 T x was alleviated. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test results show that, after 60 days of immersion, GT coating still shows the best protection performance, and the composite coating | Z | f = 0.01 Hz is 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the pure epoxy coating. This is mainly because, after adding glycine, the -COOH group on the surface of glycine binds to the -OH group on the surface of Ti 3 C 2 T x , improving the aggregation of Ti 3 C 2 T x itself. At the same time, the -NH group of glycine can also participate in the curing reaction of epoxy resin to strengthen the bonding strength between the coating and the metal. The good dispersion of GT in epoxy resin makes it fill the pores and holes left by epoxy resin curing and strengthen the corrosion resistance. The easy availability and green properties of glycine provide a simple and environmentally friendly method for the modification of Ti 3 C 2 T x .

Central nervous system (CNS) drugs have had a significant impact on treating a wide range of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. In recent years, deep learning-based generative models have shown great potential for accelerating drug discovery and improving efficacy. However, specific applications of these techniques in CNS drug discovery have not been widely reported. In this study, we developed the CNSMolGen model, which uses a framework of bidirectional recurrent neural networks (Bi-RNNs) for de novo molecular design of CNS drugs. Results showed that the pretrained model was able to generate more than 90% of completely new molecular structures, which possessed the properties of CNS drug molecules and were synthesizable. In addition, transfer learning was performed on small data sets with specific biological activities to evaluate the potential application of the model for CNS drug optimization. Here, we used drugs against the classical CNS disease target serotonin transporter (SERT) as a fine-tuned data set and generated a focused database against the target protein. The potential biological activities of the generated molecules were verified by using the physics-based induced-fit docking study. The success of this model demonstrates its potential in CNS drug design and optimization, which provides a new impetus for future CNS drug development.

CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 has shown great potential for photodetectors and photovoltaic devices due to its excellent positive response to visible light. However, its real-time response characteristics hinder its application in optical memory and logic operation; moreover, the presence of excessive PbI 2 is a double-edged sword. Herein, we constructed a dual-terminal device using a single CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 micro/nanowire with two Ag electrodes, and then in situ introduced PbI 2 quantum dots (QDs) as hole trap centres by thermal decomposition at 160 °C. An anomalous negative photoconductivity (NPC) effect for sub-bandgap light below the PbI 2 bandgap is obtained. Importantly, an electrically erasable nonvolatile photomemory can be realized. Furthermore, the device also exhibits an abnormal positive thermal resistance (PTR)-related thermomemory effect, and the thermal-induced high-resistance state (HRS) can be erased by a large bias or an illumination of 365 nm super-bandgap UV light. Additionally, logical "OR" gate operations are achieved through a combination of 650 nm sub-bandgap light and a 70 °C temperature-induced HRS, as well as a large bias and 365 nm super-bandgap light-triggered low-resistance state. These effects are attributed to the excitation and injection of holes in QDs and structural defect traps. This multifunctional device, integrating real-time sensing, nonvolatile memory, and logical operation, holds significant potential for novel electronic and optoelectronic applications.

Background: Urine storage and excretion require a network of interactions in the urinary tract and the central nervous system, which is mediated by a reservoir of water in the bladder and the outlet to the bladder neck, urethra, and external urethral sphincter. Through communicating and coordinating each other, micturition system eventually showed a switch-like activity pattern., Summary: At cervicothoracic and lumbosacral spine, the spinal reflex pathway of the lower urinary tract (LUT) received mechanosensory input from the urothelium to regulate the bladder contraction activity, thereby controlled urination voluntarily. Impairment of above-mentioned any level could result in lower urinary tract dysfunction, placed a huge burden on patients and society. Specific expression of purinergic receptors and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are thought to play an important role in urinary excretion in the LUT., Key Messages: This article reviewed the knowledge about the voiding reflex and described the role and function of TRP channels during voiding., (© 2024 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark implicated in selective rRNA gene expression, but the DNA methylation readers and effectors remain largely unknown. Here, we report a protein complex that reads DNA methylation to regulate variant-specific 45S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The complex, consisting of METHYL-CpG-BINDING DOMAIN PROTEIN5 (MBD5), MBD6, ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN DOMAIN PROTEIN15.5 (ACD15.5), and ACD21.4, directly binds to 45S rDNA. While MBD5 and MBD6 function redundantly, ACD15.5 and ACD21.4 are indispensable for variant-specific rRNA gene expression. These 4 proteins undergo phase separation in vitro and in vivo and are interdependent for their phase separation. The α-crystallin domain of ACD15.5 and ACD21.4, which is essential for their function, enables phase separation of the complex, likely by mediating multivalent protein interactions. The effector MICRORCHIDIA6 directly interacts with ACD15.5 and ACD21.4, but not with MBD5 and MBD6, and is recruited to 45S rDNA by the MBD-ACD complex to regulate variant-specific 45S rRNA expression. Our study reveals a pathway in Arabidopsis through which certain 45S rRNA gene variants are silenced, while others are activated., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. The authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

NH 3 OH + N 5 - is a novel energetic material (EM) which has attracted much interest for its promising performances, including high energy density, high density, low sensitivity, and low toxicity. In this study, the initial decomposition mechanism of NH 3 OH + N 5 - crystal was investigated under thermal and shock loading by molecular dynamics simulation. First, programmed heating and constant temperature simulations were carried out by molecular dynamics simulation on the basis of density functional theory (DFT-MD). Results indicated that the initial decomposition reactions of NH 3 OH + N 5 - could be described by three reactions: proton transfer, ring-opening reaction, and cation decomposition and recombination, and three pathways of ring-opening reaction were found, including the ring-opening of N 5 - , HN 5 , and H 2 N 6 . The first two reactions are the main pathways that produce N 2 molecules. Furthermore, we carried out DFT-MD simulations to study the shock decomposition behaviors of NH 3 OH + N 5 - , and three initial steps were proposed: N 5 - , HN 5 , and N 6 ring-opening. The fewer N 5 - and HN 5 ring-opening reactions were found during the shock simulation, accompanied by a significant change in the N 5 - bond angle. What's more, the transition states of decomposition reactions were investigated through quantum chemical calculations. The results revealed that the proton transfer reaction exhibits lower activation barriers compared to ring-opening reactions, and proton transfer would accelerate ring-opening reactions. In addition, the ring-opening reaction is the main energy-releasing reaction in the early stages of the decomposition. This work could promote the comprehension of the decomposition mechanism and energy release regularity of N 5 - ions.

Solute carrier transporters (SLCs) are a class of important transmembrane proteins that are involved in the transportation of diverse solute ions and small molecules into cells. There are approximately 450 SLCs within the human body, and more than a quarter of them are emerging as attractive therapeutic targets for multiple complex diseases, e.g., depression, cancer, and diabetes. However, only 44 unique transporters (∼9.8% of the SLC superfamily) with 3D structures and specific binding sites have been reported. To design innovative and effective drugs targeting diverse SLCs, there are a number of obstacles that need to be overcome. However, computational chemistry, including physics-based molecular modeling and machine learning- and deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI), provides an alternative and complementary way to the classical drug discovery approach. Here, we present a comprehensive overview on recent advances and existing challenges of the computational techniques in structure-based drug design of SLCs from three main aspects: (i) characterizing multiple conformations of the proteins during the functional process of transportation, (ii) identifying druggability sites especially the cryptic allosteric ones on the transporters for substrates and drugs binding, and (iii) discovering diverse small molecules or synthetic protein binders targeting the binding sites. This work is expected to provide guidelines for a deep understanding of the structure and function of the SLC superfamily to facilitate rational design of novel modulators of the transporters with the aid of state-of-the-art computational chemistry technologies including artificial intelligence.

TMEFF1 is a new protein involved in the physiological functions of the central nervous system, and we previously reported TMEFF1 can promote ovarian cancer. ST14 was determined to be involved in the processes of epidermal differentiation, epithelial cell integrity, and vascular endothelial cell migration, etc. The relationship between ST14 and TMEFF1 in the ovary remains unknown. In this study, we detected the expression of ST14 and TMEFF1 in 130 different ovarian cancer tissues through immunohistochemistry. We determined ST14 and TMEFF1 were highly expressed in ovarian cancer, indicating a higher degree of tumor malignancy and a worse prognosis. Tissues significantly expressing ST14 also highly expressed TMEFF1, and the expression of the two proteins was positively correlated. Consistently, immunofluorescence double staining demonstrated the co-localization of ST14 and TMEFF1 in the same region, and immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction between ST14 and TMEFF1. TMEFF1 expression was also reduced after knocking down ST14 through Western blot. MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays results determined that knockdown of ST14 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells in vitro, but the inhibitory effect was restored after adding TMEFF1 exogenous protein. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways analysis showed that ST14 and its related genes were enriched in the processes of epithelial formation, intercellular adhesion, protein localization, and mitosis regulation. We also clarified the kinase, microRNA, and transcription factor target networks and the impact of genetic mutations on prognosis. Overall, high expression of ST14 and TMEFF1 in ovarian cancer predicts higher tumor malignancy and a worse prognosis. ST14 and TMEFF1 co-localize and interact with each other in ovarian cancer. ST14 can regulate TMEFF1 expression to promote proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. We speculate that the relationship between ST14 and TMEFF1 in ovarian cancer could become a potential target for anti-cancer therapy., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Radon measurement is crucial in assessing the damage to the human body caused by natural radiation. Pulsed ionization chambers are effective for real-time radon measurement and have widespread applications in other radiation techniques. However, due to practical constraints such as limited space and portability concerns, it becomes imperative to consider not only the detection efficiency but also their ease of transportation. This work utilizes the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit to characterize the detection models of small cylindrical and flat plate-type pulsed ionization chambers, and carry out a simulation study to analyze the three crucial factors that influence detection efficiency, including the geometry of the chamber, electrode size, and operating temperature. The results indicate that the cylindrical pulse ionization chamber, with a length of 8 cm and radius of 2 cm, has the best detection efficiency and portability in terms of geometric dimensions, achieving a detection efficiency of (58 ± 4)%. Meanwhile, the flat plate pulse ionization chamber, with dimensions of 7 cm in length and 3 cm in width, achieves the best detection efficiency and portability, with a detection efficiency of (54 ± 3)%. In terms of electrode wire size, the cylindrical ionization chamber electrode wire with a length of 7 cm and a radius of 2.5 mm was optimal with a detection efficiency of (59 ± 4)%. In terms of operating temperature, the detection efficiency of the flat-plate pulsed ionization chamber was the highest at 30 °C, which was (58 ± 4)%, and that of the cylindrical pulsed ionization chamber was the highest at 20 °C, which was (63 ± 4)%. By analyzing the influencing factors of the detection efficiency of the pulsed ionization chamber, it has a certain reference value and guiding significance for the research and design of small pulsed ionization chamber detectors for radon measuring instruments., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Presently, the commonly used anti-tumor drugs lack targeting ability, resulting in a limited therapeutic efficacy and significant side effects. In this view, platelet membranes (PMs) not only exhibit specific binding of its P-selectin protein with CD44, which is highly expressed on breast cancer cells, to promote tumor-active targeting by PM biomimetic nanoplatforms, but also respond to vascular damage, thus inducing biochemotactic targeting to further facilitate the aggregation of these nanoplatforms. Therefore, in this study, a PM was applied to construct a biochemotactic-targeting nanotherapeutic platform based on dendritic large pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DLMSNs) co-loaded with chlorin e6 (Ce6) and lapatinib (LAP) to achieve the combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and EGFR inhibition therapy for breast cancer. Under laser irradiation, PM@DLMSN/Ce6/Lap could not only effectively kill breast tumor cells by the PDT, but also damage blood vessels. By combining the EGFR inhibition of LAP, PM@DLMSN/Ce6/Lap could better inhibit the migration and movement of tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo results showed that PM@DLMSN/Ce6/Lap could achieve active-targeting drug delivery to breast tumors and further recruit more nanoparticles to accumulate at tumor sites after the PDT-induced damage of blood vessels through biochemotactic targeting, achieving continuous EGFR inhibition to prevent tumor proliferation and metastasis. In conclusion, this study not only provides a new strategy for the clinical treatment of breast cancer, but also provides a design idea for improving the targeted delivery of anti-tumor drugs.

Trace elements may play an important role in obesity. This study aimed to assess the plasma and dietary intake levels of four trace elements, Mn, Cu, Zn and Se in a rural Chinese population, and analyse the relationship between trace elements and obesity. A cross-sectional study involving 2587 participants was conducted. Logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between trace elements and obesity; restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to assess the dose-response relationship between trace elements and obesity; the weighted quantile sum (WQS) model was used to examine the potential interaction of four plasma trace elements on obesity. Logistic regression analysis showed that plasma Se concentrations in the fourth quartile (Q4) exhibited a lower risk of developing obesity than the first quartile (Q1) (central obesity: OR = 0·634, P = 0·002; general obesity: OR = 0·525, P = 0·005). Plasma Zn concentration in the third quartile (Q3) showed a lower risk of developing obesity in general obesity compared with the first quartile (Q1) (OR = 0·625, P = 0·036). In general obesity, the risk of morbidity was 1·727 and 1·923 times higher for the second and third (Q2, Q3) quartiles of dietary Mn intake than for Q1, respectively. RCS indicated an inverse U-shaped correlation between plasma Se and obesity. WQS revealed the combined effects of four trace elements were negatively associated with central obesity. Plasma Zn and Se were negatively associated with obesity, and dietary Mn was positively associated with obesity. The combined action of the four plasma trace elements had a negative effect on obesity.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with cardiovascular disease and represents a persistent economic and physical burden on patients in the United States. This study evaluated the mediating effect of dietary live microbe intake on the association between cardiovascular health [based on Life's Essential 8 (LE8) scores] and osteoarthritis (OA) in adults., Methods: This cross-sectional study included data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2019 (from patients aged ≥20 years). LE8 scores (0-100) were measured according to the American Heart Association definition and categorized as low (0-49), moderate (50-79), or high (80-100). OA disease status was assessed using self-reported data from patients. The relationships were evaluated using multivariate logistic and restricted cubic spline models. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediating effect of dietary live microbe intake on the association between LE8 and OA risk., Results: The study included 23,213 participants aged ≥20 years. After adjusting for latent confounders, higher LE8 scores were found to be associated with a lower incidence of OA. The odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) for low, moderate, and high OA risk were 0.81 (0.69, 0.96) and 0.55 (0.44, 0.69), respectively; a non-linear dose-response relationship was observed ( P -nonlinear = 0.012). Health behavior and health factor scores showed a similar pattern of correlation with OA risk. Low live microbe intake mediated the association between LE8, health behavior, and health factor scores with OA risk and did not appear to reduce OA risk., Conclusion: Our findings suggest that although higher LE8 scores reduce the risk of developing OA, low live microbe intake may reduce the protective effect of higher scores. It is, therefore, essential to emphasize adherence to a lifestyle that confers high LE8 scores. Individuals should also be advised to reduce the intake of foods with low live microbe content., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Gou, Chang, Li, Pan and Li.)

Glucose metabolism is vital to the survival of living organisms. Since the discovery of the Warburg effect in the 1920s, glycolysis has become a major research area in the field of metabolism. Glycolysis has been extensively studied in the field of cancer and is considered as a promising therapeutic target. However, research on the role of glycolysis in pregnancy is limited. Recent evidence suggests that blastocysts, trophoblasts, decidua, and tumors all acquire metabolic energy at specific stages in a highly similar manner. Glycolysis, carefully controlled throughout pregnancy, maintains a dynamic and coordinated state, so as to maintain the homeostasis of the maternal-fetal interface and ensure normal gestation. In the present review, we investigate metabolic remodeling and the selective propensity of the embryo and placenta for glycolysis. We then address dysregulated glycolysis that occurs in the cellular interactive network at the maternal-fetal interface in miscarriage, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes mellitus. We provide new insights into the field of maternal-fetal medicine from a metabolic perspective, thus revealing the mystery of human pregnancy., (© 2023 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.)

CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 is capable of exhibiting a superior photoresponse to visible light, but its self-powered devices are typically formed through p - n junctions. In this study, we fabricated a Ag/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /C dual-terminal asymmetric electrode device using a single CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite micro/nanowire, enabling both the photoresponse and self-powered characteristics of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 to visible light. Compared with traditional p - n junction devices, this simple device demonstrates enhanced interface photovoltaic effects by optimizing the combination of the Ag electrode with CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , resulting in superior self-powered characteristics. Under low bias voltage, the device achieves a significant on/off ratio of 10 3 , with superior sensitivity and responsivity as well as a maximum rectification ratio of about 12. The photogenerated voltage and current reach approximately 0.8 V and 2 nA, respectively. This simple, compact, and self-powered asymmetric device exhibits great potential for applications in self-powered optoelectronics and wearable devices. This research provides a promising approach for recognizing and utilizing surface state effects in single nanoscale structures.

Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions originating from nonroad mobile sources constitute an important but uncertain source of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) and ozone (O 3 ). In this study, we investigated the emission factors (EFs) of 120 individual VOC species for 40 machines via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection and high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the diesel-based VOC EF for the tested machines was 4.18 ± 2.55 (average ± standard deviation) g/kg fuel, dominated by alkanes (38.20 % ± 18.08 %) and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs; 30.94 % ± 15.71 %). The machine type, rated power, emission standards, and operating conditions affected the emissions of VOCs and their components, and this effect maybe mostly depends on the fuel combustion efficiency. The VOC species were primarily distributed in the C 1 -C 2 and C 4 -C 6 (based on the carbon number) and B 4 -B 6 (based on the saturated vapor concentration) intervals. Furthermore, the estimated formation potential (FP) values of SOAs and O 3 from VOCs were 21.02 ± 15.57 mg/kg fuel and 15.96 ± 11.87 g/kg fuel, respectively. VOC control based on the SOA formation potential (SOAFP) and ozone formation potential (OFP) could be more effective in the mitigation of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and O 3 pollution because the top 5 species ranked by percentage contribution accounted for 83.09 % ± 9.59 % and 51.78 % ± 14.38 % of the estimated SOAFP and OFP, respectively. Finally, the emission estimates showed that the VOC emissions originating from construction and agricultural machinery in China (2020) reached 64.05 and 95.24 Gg, respectively. We provide species-specific VOC EFs and detailed emission characteristics to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of gas emissions originating from nonroad mobile sources and an update of emission inventories and atmospheric chemistry models., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Raoultella ornithinolytica is an Enterobacteriaceae bacterium that can infect both humans and animals, while luteolin-7-O-glucoside (IOG) is a flavonoid that has broad effects on the intestinal microbiota of healthy animals. However, current studies lack sufficient data on intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and drug resistance transmission caused by R. ornithinolytica and the possible role of IOG. In this study, BALB/c mice were infected with R. ornithinolytica carrying bla NDM-1 gene and treated with IOG (3 mg/kg·d and 6 mg/kg·d) to analyze the diversity of intestinal microbiota and the transfer of bla NDM-1 between bacteria. The findings indicated that R. ornithinolytica B1645-1 exhibited a significant ability to enhance the Firmicutes / Bacteroidota ratio and increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacillus after 48 h, where as 6 mg/kg·d IOG had an opposite effect. Moreover, R. ornithinolytica B1645-1 facilitated the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and promoted bla NDM-1 gene transfer in Enterococcus , Escherichia , Klebsiella , Acinetobacter , Bacillus , Brevibacterium , and Lactobacillus . Enterococcus was the predominant genus at 48 h. Surprisingly, 6 mg/kg·d IOG significantly inhibited the production of drug-resistant bacteria and promoted bla NDM-1 gene transfer from Enterococcus to Lactobacillus at 144 h. However, the role of Lactobacillus as a recipient for drug-resistant genes should be of more concern.