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Lentinus sajor-caju has shown potential for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass in various substrates. Here, we evaluated whether L. sajor-caju affects the lignocellulosic biomass, in vitro fermentation and antioxidant properties of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (AMM) stems. The lignocellulosic biomass content and the antioxidant activity of AMM stems were determined by scanning electron microscopy, chemical component analysis, in vitro fermentation and LC-MS metabolomics after 30 days of fermentation by L. sajor-caju at 25 °C. L. sajor-caju significantly altered the rigid structure of the stems. Compared with the control condition, the lignocellulose contents were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) and improved in vitro digestibility and total volatile fatty acids. In total, 624 differential metabolites, including 201 up-regulated and 423 down-regulated, were identified in unfermented and fermented comparison groups. Correlation analysis indicated that there were strongly correlations of the total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity. Meanwhile, the differential metabolites were primarily associated with antioxidant activity, with 4(3H)-quinazolinone, dihydrocarvyl acetate and jaceoside being the most representative. In summary, L. sajor-caju altered the composition of the cell wall of AMM stems, thereby enhancing their antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to observe the protective effects of c9, t11- conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on oxidative stress and inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) exposed to H 2 O 2 . The BMECs were treated with different concentrations of H 2 O 2 for 8 h, 600 µmol/L was determined to be the damage concentration. Using different concentrations of c9, t11-CLA to process BMECs for 24 h, 50 and 100 µmol/L were determined to be the effective concentrations for subsequent analyses. Thus, four BMEC groups were established: Control group; H 2 O 2 group; 50 µmol/L c9, t11-CLA + H 2 O 2 group; 100 µmol/L c9, t11-CLA + H 2 O 2 group. We observed that the H 2 O 2 group exhibited significantly lower total antioxidant activity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and significantly higher secretions of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 than the control group (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with c9, t11-CLA enhanced SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and SOD mRNA expression and repressed IL-6 and IL-8 secretion and expression in H 2 O 2 -treated BMECs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, c9, t11-CLA treatment efficiently enhanced antioxidant capacity and decreased inflammation induced by H 2 O 2 in BMECs., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background & Objective: Tissue factor (TF), the primary physiologic initiator of coagulation cascade, is involved in the process of angiogenesis of various malignancies. This study was designed to investigate the correlation of TF expression to angiogenesis of gastric carcinoma, and to study its clinical significance., Methods: The expression of TF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 80 specimens of gastric carcinoma and 20 specimens of normal gastric tissue was detected by EnVision immunohistochemistry. Tumor microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated using anti-CD34 antibody as an endothelial marker with the same technique as well., Results: Positive rates of TF and VEGF, and the mean value of MVD were significantly higher in gastric carcinoma than in normal gastric tissue (65.00% vs. 5.00%, P<0.01; 67.50% vs. 5.00%, P<0.05; and 36.14+/-9.94 vs. 12.10+/-3.27, P<0.05). TF expression was positively correlated with VEGF expression and MVD value (P<0.05). TF expression was correlated to the overall survival times of patients, TNM stage, and liver metastasis (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Overexpression of TF relates with angiogenesis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.