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192 results on '"Gottschalk, Christoph"'

4. Dose-response study on the transfer of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from a tansy ragwort extract (Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.) to bovine milk.

Author

Knoop, Kirsten, Klein, Lisa Monika, Knispel, Angelika Miriam, Kaltner, Florian, Gottschalk, Christoph, Knappstein, Karin, Saltzmann, Janine, and Dänicke, Sven

Subjects
PYRROLIZIDINES, FEED contamination, FOOD contamination, ANIMAL health, DAIRY cattle
Abstract

Ragworts like tansy ragwort (J. vulgaris Gaertn., syn. Senecio jacobaea L.) contain hepatotoxic and cancerogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) and their corresponding pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxides (PANO). Due to increasing spread of ragworts (Jacobaea spp.) PA/PANO may pose a health risk to animals and humans consuming contaminated feed and food. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the transfer of individual PA/PANO originating from a well-defined PA/PANO extract into the milk of dairy cows. For this objective, 16 German Holstein cows were assigned to four treatment groups (n = 4) in a 28-day dose-response study. Administration into the reticulorumen was performed daily by gavage after the morning milking. Three groups received different amounts of the J. vulgaris extract resulting in a PA/PANO exposure of 0.47, 0.95, or 1.91 mg PA/PANO/kg body weight/day, respectively. Furthermore, a control group received molasses to account for the sugar content of the used PA/PANO extract. While the composition of the PA/PANO extract was more diverse, the PA/PANO pattern in milk was dominated by the PA in their free base form. It was shown that mainly PA considered stable in the rumen environment were transferred into the milk. The main compounds in milk were jacoline (74.3 ± 2.4% of the PA/PANO sum), jaconine (11.2 ± 1.3%), and jacobine (7.2 ± 0.6%) with concentrations up to 29.7, 4.65 µg/l, or in the highest exposed group, 3.44 µg/l. There was no dose-dependent effect on the total PA/PANO transfer rate into the milk. The average transfer rate was 0.064 ± 0.005% of the administered content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and tropane alkaloids in milk samples from individual dairy farms of the German federal states of Bavaria and Schleswig-Holstein

Author

Klein, Lisa Monika, primary, Lamp, Julika, additional, Schopf, Christina, additional, Gabler, Angelika Miriam, additional, Kaltner, Florian, additional, Guldimann, Claudia, additional, Rychlik, Michael, additional, Schwake-Anduschus, Christine, additional, Knappstein, Karin, additional, and Gottschalk, Christoph, additional

Published
2024
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11. Short-term exposure of dairy cows to pyrrolizidine alkaloids from tansy ragwort ( Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.): effects on health and performance

Author

Knoop, Kirsten, primary, Knappstein, Karin, additional, Kaltner, Florian, additional, Gabler, Angelika Miriam, additional, Taenzer, Julian, additional, These, Anja, additional, Kersten, Susanne, additional, Meyer, Ulrich, additional, Frahm, Jana, additional, Kluess, Jeannette, additional, Hüther, Liane, additional, Gottschalk, Christoph, additional, Bach Knudsen, Knud Erik, additional, Saltzmann, Janine, additional, and Dänicke, Sven, additional

Published
2023
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22. Organic Cation Transporter I and Na + /taurocholate Co‐Transporting Polypeptide are Involved in Retrorsine‐ and Senecionine‐Induced Hepatotoxicity in HepaRG cells

Author

Enge, Anne‐Margarethe, primary, Kaltner, Florian, additional, Gottschalk, Christoph, additional, Kin, Angelina, additional, Kirstgen, Michael, additional, Geyer, Joachim, additional, These, Anja, additional, Hammer, Helen, additional, Pötz, Oliver, additional, Braeuning, Albert, additional, and Hessel‐Pras, Stefanie, additional

Published
2021
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28. Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Spices and Culinary Herbs from Various Geographical Origins

Author

Kaltner, Florian, Rychlik, Michael, Gareis, Manfred, and Gottschalk, Christoph

Subjects
Adult, Turkey, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, risk assessment, Food Contamination, culinary herbs, Article, LC-MS, Europe, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, food safety, contamination, Humans, Egypt, Plants, Edible, Child, spices, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) and their N‑oxides (PANO) are a group of toxic secondary plant metabolites occurring predominantly as contaminants in (herbal) teas, honeys and food supplements, as well as in spices and culinary herbs. Depending on the botanical origin of the contaminating plant, the pattern of PA/PANO can strongly vary within a sample. The current study aimed to broaden the existing data on the occurrence of PA/PANO in spices and culinary herbs. For this, 305 authentic samples covering 15 different matrices mainly harvested in 2016 or 2017 and originating from 36 countries were investigated for the presence of 44 PA/PANO. Fifty-eight percent of the samples contained at least one PA/PANO. The average sum content over all samples was 323 &micro, g/kg (median of 0.9 &micro, g/kg, 95% percentile of 665 &micro, g/kg). The highest amount of 24.6 mg/kg was detected in an oregano sample. Additionally, conspicuous analyte patterns were discovered in samples from similar cultivation regions, indicating related botanical sources of PA/PANO contaminations. Particularly, oregano and cumin from Turkey often contained high amounts of PA/PANO. The results were used to assess the acute and chronic health risks related to PA/PANO intake via spices and culinary herbs, indicating a potential health risk in particular for adults and children with high consumption or when considering worst‑case contamination scenarios of a sum content of 5500 &micro, g/kg.

Published
2020
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43. Truncated satratoxin gene clusters in selected isolates of the atranone chemotype of Stachybotrys chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes.

Author

Ulrich, Sebastian, Niessen, Ludwig, Ekruth, Julia, Schäfer, Cornelius, Kaltner, Florian, and Gottschalk, Christoph

Abstract

The fungus Stachybotrys (S.) chartarum was isolated from culinary herbs, damp building materials, and improperly stored animal forage. Two distinct chemotypes of the fungus were described that produced either high-cytotoxic macrocyclic trichothecenes (S type) or low-cytotoxic atranones (A type). Recently, two distinct gene clusters were described that were found to be necessary for the biosynthesis of either macrocyclic trichothecenes (21 SAT (Satratoxin) genes) or atranones (14 ATR (Atranone) genes). In the current study, PCR primers were designed to detect SAT and ATR genes in 19 S. chartarum chemotype S and eight S. chartarum chemotype A strains. Our analysis revealed the existence of three different genotypes: satratoxin-producing strains that harbored all SAT genes but lacked the ATR gene cluster (genotype S), non-satratoxin-producing strains that possessed the ATR genes but lacked SAT genes (genotype A), and a hitherto undescribed hybrid genotype among non-satratoxin-producing strains that harbored all ATR genes and an incomplete set of SAT genes (genotype H). In order to improve the discrimination of genotypes, a triplex PCR assay was developed and applied for the analysis of S. chartarum and S. chlorohalonata cultures. The results show that genes for macrocyclic trichothecenes and atranones are not mutually exclusive in S. chartarum. Correlation of the new genotype-based concept with mycotoxin production data shows also that macrocyclic trichothecenes are exclusively produced by S. chartarum genotype S strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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