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Purpose: To analyze radial peripapillary capillaris (RPC) and intra-papillary capillaris (IPC) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in acute retinal necrosis (ARN) with good outcome. Methods: RPC and IPC were analyzed by OCTA in patients diagnosed with ARN and treated with pharmacotherapy alone without surgery at the Tokyo Medical University Hospital. Results: A total of 13 patients were studied. Ophthalmoscopic examination showed no abnormality in the optic disc in 12 of the 13 patients. However, OCTA findings of the affected eye compared with the unaffected fellow eye revealed morphological abnormalities in RPC in nine cases (69%) and decrease in capillary network in RPC or IPC in eight cases (62%). Conclusion: In ARN, RPC and IPC were impaired even in eyes that were healed with medical treatment only without requiring surgical intervention and had no abnormal findings on ophthalmoscopic examination. This result suggests the presence of some degrees of optic neuropathy even in mild cases with good visual prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To investigate the dropout rate of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and identify the characteristics of dropout cases. Methods. We studied 235 eyes of 235 treatment‐naïve BRVO‐ME patients receiving intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. Additional intravitreal anti‐VEGF drug was given when ME relapsed or persisted, and photocoagulation was performed as needed. Adherence until treatment completion was defined as disappearance of ME within 2 years after the first injection without recurrence for more than 6 months or mild ME remaining but no visual deterioration for more than 6 months without additional anti‐VEGF drug. In patients with ME recurrence, those who were followed for more than 2 years were considered adherence, and those followed for less than 2 years were considered dropout. The clinical course and background of the two groups were compared. Results. 179 patients (76.2%) adhered to treatment and 56 patients (23.8%) dropped out. Mean follow‐up periods in adherence and dropout groups were 23.4 and 7.1 months, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in demographic and baseline factors of age, gender ratio, distance from home to hospital, visual acuity, and foveal thickness (FT). At the last follow‐up, visual acuity was significantly poorer in the dropout group than in the adherence group (0.23 vs. 0.11 logMAR, p = 0.003), and FT was significantly greater in the dropout group than in the adherence group (316 vs. 273 µm, p = 0.002). Reasons for dropout included patient declining further treatment in 12.5%, progression of dementia in 8.9%, others, and unknown in 64.3%. Conclusion. The clinical outcome of patients who dropped out of anti‐VEGF therapy for BRVO‐ME was worse compared to patients who adhered to therapy, and the reasons for discontinuation varied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM) is the most common uveal tumor that develops within cats worldwide; thus, surgical resection is recommended at an early stage of the disease. However, it is difficult to differentiate early-stage FDIM from iris melanosis, a precursor lesion, based on clinical findings alone. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in differentiating early FDIM from iris melanosis. The results of this study provide useful information for clinicians struggling with the timing of surgery. OCT has the potential to be an adjunctive diagnostic tool to differentiate iris melanosis from early-stage FDIM. This study investigated the utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for staging iris pigmented lesions in cats. Eighteen cats that underwent OCT examination for unilateral iris pigmented lesion were included. The cats were either suspected of melanosis due to clinical features (n = 8) or had been definitively diagnosed through histopathology with iris melanosis (n = 3), early feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM) (n = 4), or mid-stage or advanced FDIM (n = 3). From OCT images, mean iris thickness (MIT) was measured, and the ratio of pigmented lesion to normal iris (PN) was calculated. OCT images depicted the entire iris layer in all eyes with suspected melanosis, iris melanosis, and early FDIM, but observing the entire lesion in mid-stage/advanced FDIM was challenging. No significant difference in MIT was observed among the groups. Conversely, PN ratio was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in early FDIM (1.29 ± 0.16) than in suspected melanosis (1.02 ± 0.10) or iris melanosis (0.99 ± 0.09). Furthermore, OCT imaging revealed hyperreflective lines in 75% of eyes with suspected melanosis and in all the eyes with iris melanosis, corresponding to the pigmented lesions. Our results demonstrate that OCT is capable of detecting subtle differences in iris thickness and features in early-stage FDIM, indicating its potential utility in distinguishing between iris melanosis and early FDIM. Further study is warranted to verify the reliability of such OCT findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: To investigate changes in visual acuity and retinal sensitivity and thickness after intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IRI) for macular edema in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) patients. Methods: This study evaluated 34 patients with treatment-naïve BRVO and at least 6 months' follow-up after pro re nata IRI. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was determined as the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). In nine retinal regions, retinal sensitivity was calculated by MP-3 microperimetry; and in nine macular subfields, retinal thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT); evaluations were performed before IRI and then monthly for 6 months. Results: IRI significantly improved visual acuity and retinal sensitivity and thickness. In patients with good improvement in BCVA (change in logMAR > 0.2), IRI significantly improved retinal sensitivity in eight of nine regions, i.e., in all except the outer non-occluded region, and in patients with poor improvement in BCVA (change in logMAR < 0.2), in six of nine regions, i.e., not in the inner, outer non-occluded, and outer temporal regions. We found significant differences in the trend profile in the foveal, outer occluded, and inner nasal regions between patients with good and poor improvement in BCVA. Conclusions: The findings suggest that IRI improves visual acuity and retinal sensitivity and thickness and that retinal effects may vary between patients with good and poor visual improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]