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Mohamed M Adel El-Sokkary,1 Lizaveta Gotina,2,3 Mohammad M Al-Sanea,4 Ae Nim Pae,2,3 Rehab Mohammed Elbargisy1,5 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; 2Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; 3Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea; 4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Mohamed M Adel El-SokkaryDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptEmail m_elsokkary2022@yahoo.comAe Nim PaeConvergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-Gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of KoreaEmail anpae@kist.re.krBackground: Identification and characterization of developed antiviral drug resistance mutations are key to the success of antiviral therapies against hepatitis C virus (HCV), which remains a worldwide highly prevalent pathogenic disease. Although most studies focus on HCV genotypes 1, 2 or 3, the investigation of drug resistance in HCV genotype 4, predominant in North Africa, is especially significant in Egypt.Methods: We performed mutational and genotypic analysis of the untranslated region (UTR) and nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) drug resistance-associated regions of HCV for patients in the surrounding villages of Mansoura city, who were not responding to different antiviral treatments (sofosbuvir (SOF), ribavirin, and interferon). Furthermore, molecular modelling approaches (homology modelling and docking studies) were used to investigate the significance o

Mohammad M Al-Sanea,1 Lizaveta Gotina,2 Mamdouh FA Mohamed,3 Della Grace Thomas Parambi,1 Hesham A M Gomaa,4,5 Bijo Mathew,6 Bahaa G M Youssif,7 Khalid Saad Alharbi,8 Zainab M Elsayed,9 Mohamed A Abdelgawad,1,10 Wagdy M Eldehna9,11 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 2014, Saudi Arabia; 2Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt; 4Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 2014, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; 6Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala 678557, India; 7Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; 8Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah 72341, Saudi Arabia; 9Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; 10Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; 11Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, EgyptCorrespondence: Mohammad M Al-SaneaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 2014, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 594076460Email mmalsanea@ju.edu.saIntroduction: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) represent one of the most validated cancer targets. The inhibition of HDACs has been proven to be a successful strategy for the development of novel anticancer candidates.Methods: This work describes design and synthesis of a new set of HDAC inhibitors ( 7a-c and 8a, b) utilizing ligustrazine as a novel cap moi