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The review on printable supercapacitors (SCs) and their printing technologies delves into the realm of energy storage devices, focusing on the advancements in SC technology and the role of printing techniques in their fabrication. The abstract highlights the key advantages of SCs over traditional batteries and the latest developments in materials and fabrication methods. Highlighting materials like graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes showcases their role in printable inks for SCs. Additive manufacturing techniques like inkjet printing enable precise electrode deposition, leading to high‐performance SCs with enhanced energy storage capabilities. The integration of printable SCs in portable electronics, wearable devices, and soft robotics demonstrates their versatility and impact across industries. Future research directions aim to optimize material formulations, enhance printing processes, and explore novel applications in emerging fields like IoT devices and smart textiles. Through a comprehensive analysis of research articles and studies, this review provides valuable insights into the potential of printable SCs to revolutionize the energy storage landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the potential of four types of nanoparticles (ZnO, ZnS, FeS2, and SnO2) to combat resistant microbes using the well method. The research focuses on their antifungal and antibacterial properties. Results showed that FeS2 and ZnO nanoparticles displayed broad-spectrum activity against various bacteria and fungi. This was evident by the formation of clear inhibition zones after 24 h at 37°C. These findings highlight the promise of FeS2 and ZnO nanoparticles as weapons against resistant microbes. The inhibition zones demonstrate a measurable effect on microbial growth, providing valuable groundwork for further development of novel strategies to fight and manage microbial infections. This research adds to the ongoing search for alternative and effective solutions in the face of growing microbial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper zinc tin sulphide (CZTS) has emerged as a highly promising, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly material for solar energy conversion via photovoltaic and photocatalysis. This paper presents the synthesis of quasi Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles using a hydrothermal route with citric acid as a structure-directing agent. The CZTS nanoparticles' morphological, structural, and optical properties were comprehensively analysed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-Vis absorption studies. The results demonstrate the successful synthesis of CZTS nanoparticles with a novel narrow size distribution, making them excellent candidates as absorber layers in solar cells. This discovery holds significant potential for advancing low-cost and efficient solar energy conversion technologies. By harnessing the unique properties of CZTS, this research offers a promising solution towards sustainable energy production and a greener future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reported highly luminous zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles grown by microwaveirradiated single molecular precursors. The precursor was obtained by Schiff bases of Sbenzyl dithiocarbazate (SBDTC) ligand using 5-Bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-nitro Benzaldehyde; 4NNbiscyno diethylamino benzaldehyde and p-amino acetophenone. The nanoparticles obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction studies for structural analysis, transmission electron micrographs (TEM) for morphological analysis, and UV-Vis spectra for optical analysis. X-ray diffractograms exhibit mixed structures analysis (wurtzite and cubic) for particles obtained using 5-Bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-nitro benzaldehyde and 4NNbiscyno diethylamino benzaldehyde. However, the particles obtained by p-amino acetophenone Schiff bases of SBDTC exhibit only wurtzite structure. Variation in optical properties is also observed with the precursors used. The excellent optical properties of ZnS nanoparticles signify the role of microwave irradiation in synthesis. The Photoluminescence (PL) study shows the luminescence in the visible region and the maximum intensity for ZnS particles obtained by zinc complex of p-amino acetophenone Schiff base of S-benzyl dithiocarbazate. The microwave-assisted process can be used for large-scale production of nanoparticles for emitting light in the visible region in various detecting and sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N doped ZnO amorphous nanostructures with excellent optical properties were grown by the ultrasonicated sol-gel route. The samples were characterized using structural, morphological and optical studies. XRD patterns confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. Increase in nitrogen doping results in effective structural changes like decrease in FWHM of peak (34.30), appearance of additional peaks and removal of previous peaks. The crystallite size of undoped ZnO is calculated at around 5.88 nm and decreases to 3.525 nm, 3.386 nm, and 3.008 nm respectively on gradual increase in nitrogen doping concentration in the samples B: 0.05M, C: 0.1M, and D: 0.2M respectively. The morphological pattern of these nanostructures shows that on increasing the doping of nitrogen, the roughness of the surface increases. An optical study shows that on doping of nitrogen, the bandgap decreases results in absorption shifts in the visible region. Two peaks at 480nm and 685nm are observed due to defects of ZnO surface. The addition of nitrogen generates acceptor levels near the valance band edge. The peak at 450 nm might be due to transition from the conduction band to shallow acceptor levels near the valance band. The presence of a peak near 665 nm indicates the formation of deep holes levels. Significant shift in band edge, the morphological changes and decrease in size indicates successful doping in terms of nitrogen content and homogeneity. Nitrogen doping and metal vacancies stabilize shallow acceptors levels above the valence band in ZnO, thus triggering the stabilization of a p-type conductivity as indicated in luminescence studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu doped SnO2 nanostructures were grown using hydrothermal method. The solution was obtained by dissolving stannous chloride in distilled water (DW) with ammonium as surfactant followed by irradiation with ultrasonic vibrations. Obtained samples were characterized by structural, morphological and optical studies. All the peaks in the X-ray diffractograms are identified and indexed as structure. In pure form of Cu nanoparticles shows crystalline structures and in high concentration of Cu in SnO2 nanoparticles shows the disappearing of peaks occurring as the pH increases. Negative slope of Williamson--Hall plots indicates compressive strain. Particle size of Cu doped SnO2 nanostructures decreases with increasingthe doping concentration. An optical study shows good luminescence in visible region. A strong quantum effect was evident from the far blue shifted optical direct and indirect band gap. 80% of MO dye removed from waste water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc sulphide nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized first time using green chemical route of organic waste banana peels extract (BPE). The precursors Zinc Chloride (ZnCl) and Thiourea ((NH)CS) of 0.01 M with various concentrations of BPE (10, 20 and 30 ml) have taken to synthesized the ZnS NPs. The prepared samples have been analyzed by optical, structural and morphological characterizations. Mixed phase of wurtzite and cubic structure are observed in the XRD pattern. Reduction in particle size from 12.50 to 9.09 nm is observed due to increase in capping strength with increasing BPE. All samples exhibit the tensile strain, while different modelling such as uniform deformation model (UDM), uniform stress deformation model (USDM) and uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM) on XRD data have performed. The presence of tensile strain in NPs and disappearance of functional peaks in FTIR spectra is observed due to formation of new bonds with ZnS NPs. Samples exhibit strong absorption in UV region at 260-300 nm and luminescence behaviour in visible region make them suitable for various optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optically important SnS2/Polystyrene (PS) transparent flexible composites were synthesized by low cost sol gel route and characterized using structural, morphological, and optical analysis. Polystyrene exhibits amorphous nature however an excellent improvement in crystallization is observed on inclusion of fresh developed SnS2 in polystyrene. FTIR peaks were also confirms the formation of SnS2/PS composites. AFM micrographs shows spheres like structures in morphology and this tendency increases with increase in sulfur ratio to tin. The increment in roughness of the composites is also observed with increase in sulfur ratio. The composites exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity with about 97% methyl Red dye degradation presence of sunlight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin oxide/Metal sulfide nanocomposites were synthesized using two step solution route. In the first step SnO2 gel were obtained followed by the next step of addition of precursor of cadmium and sulfide salts. Films were grown on cellulose flexible substrate using spin coating method. All the samples were analyzed using structural, morphological and optical characterizations. In X ray diffractograms, tetragonal rutile structure is observed with shift in peak towards lower angle due to tensile strain. SEM micrographs show that the ring like structure converted into flake like structures. AFM micrographs also confirm the ring like or porous film converted into flake. Photoluminescence spectra exhibits the intensity of SnO2-CdS decreases as compared to SnO2. Optical transmittance confirms the formation of nanocomposite due to additional band was observed in nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc sulphides/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites were prepared through a sonochemical route. As grown zinc sulfide nanoparticles were added with different ratios in ethanolic solution of reduced graphene oxide. The mixture were ultrasonicated for 2h and then kept for aging. The obtained samples were characterized by optical transmission, FTIR, luminescence, structural and morphological characterizations. On addition of ZnS nanoparticles the shift in luminiscence peak is observed towards higher wavelength. A small peak is obtained at 440nm to 450nm which might be due to electron tapping in band gap region. Sharp luminescenct peak in UV region is observed for higher addition of ZnS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]