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Synthetic hyperbranched polyesters with potential therapeutic properties were synthesized using the bifunctional polyethylene glycol or PEG with different molecular weights, ca., 4000, 6000, and 20,000 g/mol, and the trifunctional trans -aconitic acid or TAA. During polycondensation, a fixed amount of PEG was allowed to react with varying amounts of TAA (1:1 and 1:3) to control the branching extents. It was found that the synthetic polyesters had a considerable yield and were highly water soluble. Spectroscopic data (Fourier transform infrared and 1 H NMR) confirmed the polyester formation; the branching percentages were determined from 1 H NMR spectroscopy which varied from 73% to 22% among the synthesized samples. As the molecular weight of PEG was increased, the branching percentage drastically dropped. All polyesters were found to be negatively charged due to the ionization of unreacted -COOH in the branched ends at the working pH (7.4). Both the hydrodynamic size and intrinsic viscosity were found to reduce as the branching extent increased. Among the sets of polyesters, the one with the highest branching percentage (73%) showed the core-shell morphology (evident from field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies). It also exhibited the highest efficiency toward Ca 2+ influx in neuronal cells due to the unique morphology and the negatively charged surface. Nevertheless, this particular grade of polyester along with all the other grades was cytocompatible and induced reactive oxygen species generation. Since the maximally branched grade was highly efficient in altering the Ca 2+ signaling through stronger influx, it may well be tested for treating neuronal disorders in vivo in future.

In this work, the practical utility of constructed wetlands (CWs) is described as a promising treatment option for micropollutants (MPs) in wastewater with the aid of their eco-friendly, low-energy, economically feasible, and ecologically sustainable nature. This paper offers a comprehensive review on CW technology with respect to the key strategies for MP removal such as phytoremediation, substrate adsorption, and microbial degradation. It explores the important factors controlling the performance of CWs (e.g., in terms of configurations, substrates, plant-microbe interactions, temperature, pH, oxygen levels, hydraulic loading rate, and retention time) along with the discussions on the pivotal role of microbial populations in CWs and plant-microbe cooperative remediation dynamics, particularly in relation to diverse organic MP patterns in CWs. As such, this review aims to provide valuable insights into the key strategies for optimizing MP treatment and for enhancing the efficacy of CW systems. In addition, the process-based models of constructed wetlands along with the numerical simulations based on the artificial neural network (ANN) method are also described in association with the data exploratory techniques. This work is thus expected to help open up new possibilities for the application of plant-microbe cooperative remediation approaches against diverse patterns of organic MPs present in CWs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The author has declared there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Treating different types of bone defects is difficult, complicated, time-consuming, and expensive. Here, we demonstrate that transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4), a mechanosensitive, thermogated, and nonselective cation channel, is endogenously present in the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). TRPV4 regulates both cytosolic Ca 2+ levels and mitochondrial health. Accordingly, the hydrogel made from a natural modified biopolymer carboxymethyl tamarind CMT-Hy and encapsulated with TRPV4-modulatory agents affects different parameters of MSCs, such as cell morphology, focal adhesion points, intracellular Ca 2+ , and reactive oxygen species- and NO-levels. TRPV4 also regulates cell differentiation and biomineralization in vitro . We demonstrate that 4α-10-CMT-Hy and 4α-50-CMT-Hy (the hydrogel encapsulated with 4αPDD, 10 and 50 nM, TRPV4 activator) surfaces upregulate mitochondrial health, i.e., an increase in ATP- and cardiolipin-levels, and improve the mitochondrial membrane potential. The same scaffold turned out to be nontoxic in vivo . 4α-50-CMT-Hy enhances the repair of the bone-drill hole in rat femur, both qualitatively and quantitatively in vivo . We conclude that 4α-50-CMT-Hy as a scaffold is suitable for treating large-scale bone defects at low cost and can be tested for clinical trials.

Introduction: Reducing the healing period after surgical placement of dental implants can facilitate the loading of dental prostheses., Aim: The aim is to compare the osteogenic potential of unmodified titanium disks with titanium disks that were surface-modified or hydrogel-coated., Materials and Methodology: One hundred eight titanium disks (Ø6 × 2-mm) were divided into three groups: (1) unmodified titanium as control (Ti-C); (2) sandblasted and acid-etched (Ti-SLA), and (3) coated with tamarind kernel polysaccharide hydrogel grafted with acrylic acid (Ti-TKP-AA). The osteogenic potential and cytotoxic effect of various groups of titanium were compared using human osteoblasts Saos-2. The surface topography of the titanium disks and morphology of osteoblasts grown on disks were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (n = 3). Cell attachment to the disks and actin expression intensity were investigated by confocal imaging (n = 3). Cytotoxicity was quantified by cell viability assay (n = 9). Osteoblast maturation was determined by alkaline phosphatase assay (n = 9). Cell mineralization was quantified by Alizarin red staining (n = 9). One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test was used for intergroup comparisons ( α = 0.05)., Results: The surface modifications on Ti-SLA and Ti-TKP-AA support better morphology and proliferation of osteoblasts than Ti-C (P< 0.001) and significantly higher levels of actin cytoskeleton accumulation (P< 0.0001). Ti-TKP-AA showed a significantly higher maturation rate than Ti-C (P< 0.001). Ti-TKP-AA showed > twofold increased mineralization than Ti-C and Ti-SLA (P< 0.001)., Conclusions: TKP-AA hydrogel-coated titanium promotes faster osteoblast proliferation, maturation, and mineralization than SLA-treated or untreated titanium. These advantages can be explored for achieving early osseointegration and prosthetic loading of titanium dental implants., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Majhi et al.)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been reported to modulate bone tissue regeneration and are being extensively utilized in biomedical implementations attributable to their low cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and simplicity of functionalization. Lately, biologically synthesized nanoparticles have acquired popularity because of their environmentally acceptable alternatives for diverse applications. Here we report the green synthesis of AuNPs by taking the biopolymer Carboxymethyl Tamarind (CMT) as a unique reducing as well as a stabilizing agent. The synthesized CMT-AuNPs were analyzed by UV-vis spectrophotometer, DLS, FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM and TEM. These results suggest that CMT-AuNPs possess an average size of 19.93 ± 8.52 nm and have long-term stability. Further, these CMT-AuNPs promote the proliferation together with the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast cells in a "dose-dependent" manner. Additionally, CMT-AuNPs are non-toxic to SD rats when applied externally. We suggest that the CMT-AuNPs have the potential to be a suitable and non-toxic agent for differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast cells in vitro and this can be tested in vivo as well., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This work mainly focuses on synthesizing and evaluating the efficiency of methylammonium lead halide-based perovskite (MAPbX 3 ; X=Cl, Br, I) solar cells. We used the colloidal Hot-injection method (HIM) to synthesize MAPbX 3 (X=Cl, Br, I) perovskites using the specific precursors and organic solvents under ambient conditions. We studied the structural, morphological and optical properties of MAPbX 3 perovskites using XRD, FESEM, TEM, UV-Vis, PL and TRPL (time-resolved photoluminescence) characterization techniques. The particle size and morphology of these perovskites vary with respect to the halide variation. The MAPbI 3 perovskite possesses a low band gap and low carrier lifetime but delivers the highest PCE among other halide perovskite samples, making it a promising candidate for solar cell technology. To further enrich the investigations, the conversion efficiency of the MAPbX 3 perovskites has been evaluated through extensive device simulations. Here, the optical constants, band gap energy and carrier lifetime of MAPbX 3 were used for simulating three different perovskite solar cells, namely I, Cl or Br halide-based perovskite solar cells. MAPbI 3 , MAPbBr 3 and MAPbCl 3 absorber layer-based devices showed ~13.7 %, 6.9 % and 5.0 % conversion efficiency. The correlation between the experimental and SCAPS simulation data for HIM-synthesized MAPBX 3 -based perovskites has been reported for the first time., (© 2023 The Authors. ChemistryOpen published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Aim: The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the putative cell wall-associated targets of compound 6i, a glycoconjugate of eugenol, in Aspergillus fumigatus, while also evaluating its toxicity and assessing histopathologic alterations in the liver, heart, and kidney of compound 6i-treated embryos using an in ovo model., Method: To achieve this aim, compound 6i was synthesized, and a series of biochemical assays were performed to determine its impact on the fungal cell wall. Additionally, qRT-PCR and LC-MS/MS analyses were conducted to investigate changes in gene and protein expression profiles associated with melanin biosynthesis, conidiation, siderophore production, transcriptional regulation of β-glucan biosynthesis, and calcineurin activity in A. fumigatus., Results: The experimental findings revealed that compound 6i exhibited notable antifungal activity against A. fumigatus by perturbing cell wall integrity, hindering ergosterol, glucan, and chitin biosynthesis, and inhibiting catalase production. Moreover, relative gene expression and proteomic analyses demonstrated that compound 6i exerted both down-regulatory and up-regulatory effects on several crucial genes and proteins involved in the aforementioned fungal processes. Furthermore, increased expression of oxidative stress-related proteins was observed in the presence of compound 6i. Notably, the glycoconjugate of eugenol did not elicit cytotoxicity in the liver, heart, and kidney of chick embryos., Conclusion: The current investigation elucidated the multifaceted mechanisms by which compound 6i exerts its antifungal effects against A. fumigatus, primarily through targeting cell wall components and signaling pathways. These findings underscore the potential of the eugenol glycoconjugate as a promising antifungal candidate, warranting further exploration and development for combating A. fumigatus infections., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Applied Microbiology International.)

Although coal ashes (CA) can be converted into an eco-friendly product through vermicomposting, the utility of vermiconverted CA in agriculture still needs to be explored. Therefore, the feasibility of vermicomposted tea industry coal ash (VCA) as an alternative nutrient source for cabbage (Brassica oleracea, var. Capitata) production was evaluated through an on-field experiment in alluvial soil. Two types of vermicomposts were prepared using Eisenia fetida (VCA E ) and Lampito mauritii (VCA L ) and were applied in different combinations with chemical fertilizers. The results revealed a significant increase in nutrient availability (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in the soil treated with VCA, alongside a concurrent build-up of soil organic carbon stocks, activation of microbial growth, and enhanced soil enzyme activity. Additionally, VCA application substantially reduced toxic metals in the soil, thereby improving soil health and promoting the uptake of essential nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc) in cabbage. VCA application reduced the bioaccumulation of potentially toxic metals (chromium, lead, and cadmium) from coal ash, ensuring safer food production. Notably, a 25 % substitution of chemical fertilizers with VCA and farmyard manure (FYM) led to a two-fold increase in the growth and productivity of cabbage. The economic assessment also indicated that large-scale and sustainable recycling of toxic tea industry coal ash in agriculture is feasible. Hence, by integrating VCA-based nutrient management into agricultural practices, developing nations can take significant strides toward achieving circular economy objectives while addressing environmental challenges associated with CA disposal., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) subsists in all living organisms and has drawn tremendous attention as a nutraceutical and pharmaceutical product for several diseases such as Alzheimer's, cancer, aging, and vascular dysfunction. Here, NMN was produced intracellularly in a high cell density bioreactor using an engineered Escherichiacoli strain via exponential feeding of co-substrates. Fed-batch culture via exponential feeding of co-substrate (glucose) and continuous feeding of substrate (nicotinamide) were performed using different cumulative nicotinamide concentrations. The highest concentration of 19.3 g/L NMN with a dry cell weight of 117 g/L was acquired from a cumulative nicotinamide concentration of 7.2 g/L with a conversion of 98 % from nicotinamide in 28 h. Further, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis validated the NMN production. This approach will be beneficial in achieving simultaneously low cost and ensuring high quality and quantity of NMN production., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Giant power conversion efficiency is achieved by using bifunction ZrO 2  : Er 3+ /Yb 3+ assisted co-sensitised dye-sensitized solar cells. The evolution of the crystalline structure and its microstructure are examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy studies. The bi-functional behaviour of ZrO 2  : Er 3+ /Yb 3+ as upconversion, light scattering is confirmed by emission and diffused reflectance studies. The bi-function ZrO 2  : Er 3+ /Yb 3+ (pH=3) assisted photoanode is co-sensitized by use of N719 dye, squaraine SPSQ2 dye and is sandwiched with Platinum based counter electrode. The fabricated DSSC exhibited a giant power conversion efficiency of 12.35 % with V OC of 0.71 V, J SC of 27.06 mA/cm 2 , FF of 0.63. The results, which motivated the development of a small DSSC module, gave 6.21 % and is used to drive a tiny electronic motor in indoor and outdoor lighting conditions. Small-area DSSCs connected in series have found that a V OC of 4.52 V is sufficient to power up Internet of Things (IoT) devices., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are encouraging biodegradable polymers, which may ease the environmental problems caused by petroleum-derived plastics. However, there is a growing waste removal problem and the high price of pure feedstocks for PHA biosynthesis. This has directed to the forthcoming requirement to upgrade waste streams from various industries as feedstocks for PHA production. This review covers the state-of-the-art progress in utilizing low-cost carbon substrates, effective upstream and downstream processes, and waste stream recycling to sustain entire process circularity. This review also enlightens the use of various batch, fed-batch, continuous, and semi-continuous bioreactor systems with flexible results to enhance the productivity and simultaneously cost reduction. The life-cycle and techno-economic analyses, advanced tools and strategies for microbial PHA biosynthesis, and numerous factors affecting PHA commercialization were also covered. The review includes the ongoing and upcoming strategies viz. metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, morphology engineering, and automation to expand PHA diversity, diminish production costs, and improve PHA production with an objective of "zero-waste" and "circular bioeconomy" for a sustainable future., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Eugenol and isoeugenol, secondary metabolites isolated from the plant Myristica fragrans have displayed antifungal activities against Aspergillus fumigatus (IC 50 1900 μM). Compounds having conjugated unsaturation have been of great use as antifungals i. e. amphotericin B, nystatin and terbinafine etc. Hence, in the present study, we have designed and synthesised 1,3-diynes by utilizing Glaser-Hay and Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling reactions to furnish possible antifungal agents. Synthesis of 1,6-diphenoxyhexa-2,4-diyne derivatives was achieved by Cu(I) catalysed coupling of propargylated eugenol, isoeugenol, guaiacol, vanillin and dihydrogenated eugenol or eugenol in good to excellent yields. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated against pathogenic fungus A. fumigatus. Among all the synthesized compounds, one of the compounds was found to be exhibiting promising antifungal activity with IC 50 value of 7.75 μM thereby suggesting that this type of scaffold could pave the way for developing new antifungal agents. The most active compound was found to be low cytotoxic when assayed against L-132 cancer cell line. Effect of the most active compound on ergosterol biosynthesis has also been studied. Also, the most active compound exhibited significant anti-biofilm activity although the concentration was found to be higher than its anti-fungal activity. Morphological changes in the biofilm were remarkable under confocal laser scanning microscopy., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

In the current work, biomaterial composed of Xanthan gum and Diethylene glycol dimethacrylate with impregnation of graphite nanopowder filler in their matrices was fabricated successfully for their potential usage in the engineering of bone defects. Various physicochemical properties associated with the biomaterial were characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM etc. The biomaterial rheological studies imparted the better notable properties associated with the inclusion of graphite nanopowder. The biomaterial synthesized exhibited a controlled drug release. Adhesion and proliferation of different secondary cell lines do not generate ROS on the current biomaterial and thus show its biocompatibility and non-toxic nature. The synthesized biomaterial's osteogenic potential on SaOS-2 cells was supported by increased ALP activity, enhanced differentiation and biomineralization under osteoinductive circumstances. The current biomaterial demonstrates that in addition to the drug-delivery applications, it can also be a cost-effective substrate for cellular activities and has all the necessary properties to be considered as a promising alternative material suitable for repairing and restoring bone tissues. We propose that this biomaterial may have commercial importance in the biomedical field., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

COVID-19 pandemic is affecting millions of people all across the globe. Along with other clinical features, anosmia and dysgeusia are important symptoms being seen. This study evaluates the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients with SARS CoV-2 infection in a tertiary care centre and the severity and duration of altered taste and smell sensation in COVID positive patients. A total number of 167 patients that had tested positive for COVID 19 KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore hospital in the study period of 3 months were assessed for presence and severity of olfactory and gustatory sensations. The prevalence of alteration of sense in COVID 19 patients in our tertiary care centre was found to be 62.87% and alteration of taste was 58.68%. This study shows that smell and taste loss has a high prevalence in patients of COVID 19 and health care workers should keep high degree of suspicion for COVID 19 when patients present with these symptoms. The early identification may help to reduce the risk of spread., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestNone declared., (© Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2021.)

Recently, there has been much attention paid to functionalized few-layer graphene (FFG) owing to its many biomedical applications, such as in bioimaging, biosensors, drug delivery, tissue scaffolds, nanocarriers, etc. Hence, the preparation of FFG has now become of great interest to researchers. The present study systematically investigates the utilization of gallnut extract (GNE) during the process of high-shear exfoliation for the efficient conversion of expanded graphite to FFG. Various parameters, such as GNE concentration, graphite concentration, exfoliation time, and the rotation speed of the high-shear mixer, were initially optimized for FFG production. The prepared FFG was characterized in terms of surface functionality and morphology using Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Further, the conjugation of FFG with Ag was confirmed by XRD, XPS, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra. The Ag-FFG composite exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through the agar well diffusion method. This study provides an efficient, economical, and eco-friendly FFG and Ag-FFG production method for biomedical applications.

Glycoconjugates are biologically significant molecules as they tend to serve a wide range of intra- and extra-cellular processes depending on their size and complexity. The secondary metabolites of the plant Myristica fragrans , eugenol and isoeugenol, have shown antifungal activities (IC 50 1900 μM). Therefore, we envisioned that glycoconjugates based on these two scaffolds could prove to be potent antifungal agents. Triazole-containing compounds have shown prominent activities as antifungal agents. Based on this, we opined that a Cu(i) catalyzed click reaction could serve as the bridging tool between a eugenol/isoeugenol moiety and sugars to synthesize eugenol/isoeugenol based glycoconjugates. In our present work, we have coupled propargylated eugenol/isoeugenol and azido sugar to furnish eugenol/isoeugenol based glycoconjugates. In another approach, we have carried out hydroxylation of the double bond of eugenol and subsequent azidation of a primary alcohol followed by intramolecular coupling reactions leading to various other analogues. All the synthesized compounds were assayed against an opportunistic pathogenic fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus . Among the synthesized compounds, two analogues have exhibited significant antifungal activities with IC 50 values of 5.42 and 9.39 μM, respectively. The study suggested that these two analogues inhibit cell wall-associated melanin hydrophobicity along with the number of conidia. The synthesized compounds were found to be non-cytotoxic to an untransformed cell line., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

The purpose of this present study is to prepare a stable mineral-oil (MO)-based nanofluid (NF) for usage as a coolant in a transformer. Nanoparticles (NPs) such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) have superior thermal and electrical characteristics. Their dispersion into MO is likely to elevate the electrothermal properties of NFs. Therefore, different batches of NFs are prepared by uniformly dispersing the insulating h-BN and semiconducting TiO 2 NP of different concentrations in MO. Bulk h-BN NP of size 1μm is exfoliated into 2D nanosheets of size 150-200 nm, subsequently enhancing the surface area of exfoliated h-BN (Eh-BN). However, from the zeta-potential analysis, NP concentration of 0.01 and 0.1 wt.% are chosen for further study. The thermal conductivity and ACBDV studies of the prepared NF are performed to investigate the cooling and insulation characteristics. The charging-dynamics study verifies the enhancement in ACBDV of the Eh-BN NF. Weibull statistical analysis is carried out to obtain the maximum probability of ACBDV failure, and it is observed that 0.01 wt.% based NF has superior cooling and insulation properties than MO and remaining batches of NFs.

Bone defects, including bone loss due to increased osteoclast activity, have become a global health-related issue. Osteoclasts attach to the bone matrix and resorb the same, playing a vital role in bone remodeling. Ca 2+ homeostasis plays a pivotal role in the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts. In this work, we examined the role of TRPV1, a nonselective cation channel, in osteoclast function and differentiation. We demonstrate that endogenous TRPV1 is functional and causes Ca 2+ influx upon activation with pharmacological activators [resiniferatoxin (RTX) and capsaicin] at nanomolar concentration, which enhances the generation of osteoclasts, whereas the TRPV1 inhibitor (5'-IRTX) reduces osteoclast differentiation. Activation of TRPV1 upregulates tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and the expression of cathepsin K and calcitonin receptor genes, whereas TRPV1 inhibition reverses this effect. The slow release of capsaicin or RTX at a nanomolar concentration from a polysaccharide-based hydrogel enhances bone marrow macrophage (BMM) differentiation into osteoclasts whereas release of 5'-IRTX, an inhibitor of TRPV1, prevents macrophage fusion and osteoclast formation. We also characterize several subcellular parameters, including reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species in the cytosol, mitochondrial, and lysosomal profiles in BMMs. ROS were found to be unaltered upon TRPV1 modulation. NO, however, had elevated levels upon RTX-mediated TRPV1 activation. Capsaicin altered mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) of BMMs but not 5'-IRTX. Channel modulation had no significant impact on cytosolic pH but significantly altered the pH of lysosomes, making these organelles less acidic. Since BMMs are precursors for osteoclasts, our findings of the cellular physiology of these cells may have broad implications in understanding the role of thermosensitive ion channels in bone formation and functions, and the TRPV1 modulator-releasing hydrogel may have application in bone tissue engineering and other biomedical sectors., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Background: The strategy lead for the National Health Service (NHS) knowledge and library services withn the NHS in England is held by Health Education England, working with 184 local NHS libraries based predominantly in hospitals OBJECTIVES: As part of the strategic framework Knowkedge for Healthcare, the objective was to increase the role NHS knowledge and library services staff play in both indirect an direct support for evidence-based information for patients and the public., Methods: The study took an integrated multi-level approach: encouraging local staff to share their expertise through Task and Finish groups, developing tools, offering training and reviewing levers available through Health Education England's quality assurance role., Results: Between 2014 and 2019, the percentage of services supporting patient and public information increased from 27% to 78%. Qualitative evidence demonstrates a wide range of roles played by local services, working either indirectly or directly to ensure access to evidence-based health information for patients and the public., Discussion: The study shows the benefits of engaging people with local expertise in developing the skills and resources for system-wide change., Conclusion: Similar system-wide change programmes should also consider an integrated approach, involving people, developing tools, offering training and drawing on incentive structures such as quality assurance measures., (© 2021 The Authors Health Information and Libraries Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Health Libraries Group.)

Poor wound healing affects millions of people globally, resulting in increased mortality rates and associated expenses. The three major complications associated with wounds are: (i) the lack of an appropriate environment to enable the cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis; (ii) the microbial infection; (iii) unstable and protracted inflammation. Unfortunately, existing therapeutic methods have not solved these primary problems completely, and, thus, they have an inadequate medical accomplishment. Over the years, the integration of the remarkable properties of nanomaterials into wound healing has produced significant results. Nanomaterials can stimulate numerous cellular and molecular processes that aid in the wound microenvironment via antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic effects, possibly changing the milieu from nonhealing to healing. The present article highlights the mechanism and pathophysiology of wound healing. Further, it discusses the current findings concerning the prospects and challenges of nanomaterial usage in the management of chronic wounds.