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Background: India demonetized the currency in November 2016, scrapping 86.9 percent of the currency in circulation. This policy disrupted most economic activities because India was predominantly a cash economy. Purpose: The study aims to analyze the impact of demonetization on the informal-formal sector and the Indian stock markets, where investment reflects investors' confidence. Another purpose is to know the usefulness of demonetization in the proliferation of digitalization. Study design/methodology/approach: The study incorporates primary data to determine the impact on informal and formal workers' income and the acceptance of digitalization in rural-urban areas in Faridabad, Haryana. A survey was conducted, and samples for informal-formal workers and rural-urban households were collected and analyzed using the F test and the ANOVA model using an independent dummy or qualitative variables. The secondary data of the Indian stock market were empirically tested and forecasted using the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) model. Finding/Conclusions: The empirical analysis reveals that after demonetization, informal workers' earnings dropped significantly, and there is a substantial income disparity between informal-formal workers. A wide gap persists in adopting digital transactions due to low awareness of digital instruments in rural areas compared to urban areas. On the contrary, no significant impact is noticed in the Indian stock market as the forecasted value of shares trading depicts positive growth. The study identifies the gaps in policy implementation. It exposes the implementation of macroeconomic policies ensuring the protection of the interest and livelihood of economically vulnerable populations. The spread of awareness towards electronic transactions may help to promote digitalization Limitations/future research: The study is limited to a few areas. Hence, the scope of future research rests on macro-level data where comparison could be conducted between rural and urban areas across various states in India.

The Indian government reports projected the population increase of senior citizens from 13% in 2011 to 23% in 2036. In such a population expansion, it is a dire need to provide them with dignified, secure, happy, and affordable living. Further, physically, emotionally, and economically, senior citizens have a high dependency on their family members and friends. The primary data has been collected, constituting a sample size of 200 elderly people, who are above 60 years and belong to middle and high-income groups, residing in Delhi NCR. The key requirement that emerged from the study for the growing older population is the locational advantage of community living with full-fledged legal ownership of home along with affordability criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Demonetization was one of the macroeconomic shocks that occurred in India on 8th November 2016, leading to an impact on liquidity for informal laborers. The income of informal laborers declined, which increased poverty and inequality among the informal workers. Therefore, the study aims to comprehend how demonetization affected the informal labor segment of the Faridabad district of Haryana. Furthermore, skill development in this setting is crucial in addressing poverty because it increases laborer's "employability", "productivity", and promotes "equitable growth." Thus, another objective of the study is to understand how the laborer's productivity and employability are related to the enhancement of the skill of informal workers, which can thereafter address the SDGs 1 (Zero Poverty), 5 (Gender Equality), 8 (Economic Growth & Decent Work), 10 (Zero Inequality). Method: Regression analysis has been used to assess the causal relationship between the money supply, income creation, and gross domestic savings based on secondary data. This was supported by primary data collected through surveys from informal laborers in a particular Faridabad industrial cluster. Further, the descriptive research (ANOVA) and econometric model will show how skill development among informal workers promotes employability and productivity, and primary data will show how gender, education, and skill affect productivity, respectively. This may further reduce the poverty levels complemented by a national, state-level policy analysis. Results: The study revealed a decrease in average income (from INR 10,340 to INR 7,075) and savings (from INR 1,330 to INR -2,092) of informal workers after demonetization. The study also shows that male salaries improve when they receive formal skill development training, that is, by INR 1096.944 (INR 11429) from INR 10332. On the other hand, the average income of female informal workers who have informal training and no primary education comes to be at INR 10332.79. Originality: The research is an original mixed-method approach to determine the intuitive and positive links between changes in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Money Supply (M3), and household Gross Domestic Savings. It is further supported by primary data that show how demonetization affected informal workers' savings and the effect of skill on their earnings (a proxy variable for labor productivity). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]