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4. PDE-constrained shape registration to characterize biological growth and morphogenesis from imaging data

Author

Pawar, Aishwarya, Li, Linlin, Gosain, Arun K, Umulis, David M, and Tepole, Adrian B

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

We propose a PDE-constrained shape registration algorithm that captures the deformation and growth of biological tissue from imaging data. Shape registration is the process of evaluating optimum alignment between pairs of geometries through a spatial transformation function. We start from our previously reported work, which uses 3D tensor product B-spline basis functions to interpolate 3D space. Here, the movement of the B-spline control points, composed with an implicit function describing the shape of the tissue, yields the total deformation gradient field. The deformation gradient is then split into growth and elastic contributions. The growth tensor captures addition of mass, i.e. growth, and evolves according to a constitutive equation which is usually a function of the elastic deformation. Stress is generated in the material due to the elastic component of the deformation alone. The result of the registration is obtained by minimizing a total energy functional which includes: a distance measure reflecting similarity between the shapes, and the total elastic energy accounting for the growth of the tissue. We apply the proposed shape registration framework to study zebrafish embryo epiboly process and tissue expansion during skin reconstruction surgery. We anticipate that our PDE-constrained shape registration method will improve our understanding of biological and medical problems in which tissues undergo extreme deformations over time., Comment: 11 figures

Published
2022

44. Evaluation of Global Cleft Care Initiatives Among the Top Searched Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Author

Reddy, Narainsai K., Shah, Nikhil D., Weissman, Joshua P., Chwa, Emily S., and Gosain, Arun K.

Subjects
MIDDLE-income countries, HEALTH services accessibility, NONPROFIT organizations, INTERPROFESSIONAL relations, PERSONNEL management, BUSINESS management of health facilities, INTERNATIONAL agencies, WORLD health, INTERNATIONAL relations, ORGANIZATIONAL change, SEARCH engines, CLEFT lip, LOW-income countries, HUMANITARIANISM
Abstract

Objective: International outreach for cleft lip and/or palate care has traditionally been characterized by foreign groups and individuals holding surgical outreach trips in low- and middle-income countries. However, this "magic bullet" approach has often been criticized for prioritizing short-term results that may disrupt local workflow. The presence and impact of local organizations that support cleft care and take on capacity building initiatives has not been well explored. Design: Eight countries previously studied as having the highest Google search demand for CL/P were chosen for the scope of the study. Local NGOs in regions were identified through a web search, and information was collected regarding the location, objectives, partnerships, and work conducted thus far. Results: Countries with a strong combination of local and international organizations included Ghana, Philippines, Nepal, Kenya, Pakistan, India, and Nigeria. The country with minimal to no local NGO presence included Zimbabwe. Local NGOs often supported education and research, training of providers and staff, spreading community awareness, offering interdisciplinary care, and opening cleft clinics and hospitals. Unique initiatives included starting the first school for children with CL/P, enrolling patients in the national healthcare to cover CL/P care, and monitoring the referral system to improve efficiencies in the healthcare system. Conclusions: Moving towards a mindset of capacity building not only involves bilateral partnerships between international host sites and visiting organizations, but also collaboration with local NGOs that have a deep understanding of local communities. Successful partnerships may help address the complex challenges regarding CL/P care faced by LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. The Quality and Readability of Online Patient Information on Positional Head Shape Conditions.

Author

Gutowski, Kristof S., Applebaum, Sarah A., Thomae, Benjamin L., Knight, Karlee C., Chwa, Emily S., and Gosain, Arun K.

Subjects
HEALTH information services, PATIENT education, INTERNET searching, STATISTICAL correlation, READABILITY (Literary style), HEAD, PARENT attitudes, INFORMATION needs, DEFORMATIONAL plagiocephaly, SEARCH engines, ONE-way analysis of variance, RESEARCH, CRANIOFACIAL abnormalities, QUALITY assurance, COMPARATIVE studies, MEDICINE information services
Abstract

Objective: Families increasingly use online resources to acquire medical information about their child's condition with little understanding of the legitimacy of the source of information or of the information itself. We evaluate the quality and readability of online information related to positional head shape conditions and identify unmet needs for healthcare providers to improve online patient education. Design: The search terms "flat head baby," "brachycephaly," and "plagiocephaly" were queried on the Google search engine and the first 20 websites for each were reviewed. Included websites were evaluated for quality using the DISCERN Instrument and readability using the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES). Websites were categorized by upload source and results were compared using one-way ANOVA. Results: 38 websites met inclusion criteria. There was no significant correlation between DISCERN score and Google search rank between the three search terms. Professional organizations provided websites with the highest mean DISCERN score (56.3) and commercial websites with the lowest score (36.6, P =.003), indicating "good" and "poor" quality content, respectively. Readability assessments showed an overall average FKGL of 9.9 and FRES of 54.4, suggesting "fairly difficult". Hospitals provided the most website results and tended to publish lower quality information, yet are the most readable. Conclusions: High quality websites written at an appropriate reading level for the general public are lacking. A review of online resources for positional head shape conditions can be used to derive recommendations to improve the content of online patient education for pediatric healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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