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Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of physiological posterolateral rotatory laxity on posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction in terms of posterior stability and clinical outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of sixty-five patients who had undergone arthroscopic PCL reconstruction with simultaneous reconstruction of the posterolateral corner from March 2004 to April 2009. Patients were categorized into three groups according to the amount of tibial external rotation at 90° of knee flexion on the uninjured side: Group 1 (<40°; n = 26), Group 2 (between 40° and 50°; n = 21), and Group 3 (>50°; n = 18). Knee instability was assessed with posterior and varus stress radiographs as well as with the dial test at 30° and 90° of knee flexion. Functional scores were assessed with use of the Lyshoim score and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score preoperatively and at the time of final follow-up. Results: At the time of follow-up, there was no significant difference among the three groups with regard to the mean side- to-side difference in posterior translation as measured with Telos stress radiography (Group 1: 3.6 ± 1.3 mm, Group 2: 3.3 ± 1.6 mm, and Group 3: 4.3 ± 1.6 mm; p = 0.098). There was also no significant difference among the groups with respectto knee stability as assessed on the varus stress radiographs orwith the dial test at 30° and 90° of flexion. Finally, there was no significant difference among the groups with respect to the Lysholm or IKDC functional scores. Conclusions: This study suggests that the instability of knees that have PCL and posterolateral corner injuries with physiological posterolateral rotatory laxity can be controlled successfully with PCL reconstruction and simultaneous reconstruction of the posterolateral corner. Physiological posterolateral rotatory laxity should not be considered a risk factor for abnormal knee laxity after PCL reconstruction with simultaneous reconstruction of the posterolateral corner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hypothesis that ultrasonographic probe-induced tenderness is a useful adjunct to the simple sonography in confirming the location of the pathology within the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon in patients with lateral epicondylitis of the elbow. We conducted a case controlled study by evaluating 27 consecutive patients in the age group of 37–59 years (median 44) who had typical symptoms of lateral epicondylitis and a visual analogue score of more than 4 and evaluating a same number of asymptomatic healthy volunteers in the age group of 37–59 years (median 43) by means of ultrasound examination of the lateral elbow in a period of 5 months from 2007 to 2008. When we identified sonographic anechoic or hypoechoic lesions within the common extensor tendon we compressed it with the ultrasound probe to elicit tenderness so as to confirm the site of lesion within the affected tendon. We observed that the abnormal lesion detected by ultrasonography corresponded to the point of maximal tenderness when compressed by the probe in all the symptomatic patients. We therefore conclude that as it is essential to accurately detect the lesion within the extensor carpi radialis brevis for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment of lateral epicondylitis of elbow the technique of inducing tenderness at site of abnormal shadow on ultrasound within the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon improves the accuracy of identifying the site of lesion, prevents the misinterpretation of anisotropy as pathological lesion and also can be useful to maximize the efficacy of interventions aimed in treating the lateral epicondylitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]