92 results on '"Gorthi S"'
Search Results
2. Herpes Zoster With Myelopathy In A HIV Positive Man
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Sayal S. K, Gorthi S. P, and Sanghi S
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Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Published
- 2003
3. Reliability and validity of telephonic Barthel Index: an experience from multi-centric randomized control study
- Author
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Prasad, Kameshwar, Kumar, Amit, Misra, Shubham, Yadav, Arun K., Johri, Sarat, Sarkar, R. S., Gorthi, S. P., Hassan, K. M., Prabhakar, Sudesh, Misra, Usha Kant, Kumar, Pradeep, and For InveST study group
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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4. Model-Based Segmentation and Fusion of 3D Computed Tomography and 3D Ultrasound of the Eye for Radiotherapy Planning
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Cuadra, M. Bach, Gorthi, S., Karahanoglu, F. I., Paquier, B., Pica, A., Do, H. P., Balmer, A., Munier, F., Thiran, J.-Ph., Tavares, João Manuel R. S., editor, and Jorge, R. M. Natal, editor
- Published
- 2011
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5. Development of a carbon-based polymer composite product for efficient recovery of crude oil in oil spill environments: report of researcher exchange March 2019
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Dixon, Harry, Sahai, A.K., Sarkar, Sunita, Bennett, Emma, Pandey, Anil, Joshi, Priya, Bloor, J., Vikram, S., Gorthi, S., Dixon, Harry, Sahai, A.K., Sarkar, Sunita, Bennett, Emma, Pandey, Anil, Joshi, Priya, Bloor, J., Vikram, S., and Gorthi, S.
- Abstract
The India-UK Water Centre (IUKWC) promotes cooperation and collaboration between the complementary priorities of NERC-MoES water security research. This document reports on the Junior Researcher Exchange program conducted at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore, India, during the month of March 2019. The theme of the Research Exchange; transforming science into management catchment solutions, brought into sharp focus the issues surrounding laboratory based results and scaled up solutions to catchment management. Awareness of this unfortunate reality inspired this exchange to attempt to produce output that works on simple, scalable principles for removing crude oil from water. The lead researcher Mr Jonathan Bloor from the University of Plymouth in the UK worked with host researcher, Dr Sai Siva Gorthi and his lead postdoctoral researcher Dr Vikram S. to develop polymer based composite products for the recovery of crude oil. The outcome of the exchange resulted in a prototype Graphene Oxide (GO) Aerogel foam that can separate crude oil and water via simple gravity method. Additional output also involved the rapid prototyping of electrospinning nanofibre membranes to enhance the selectivity and mechanical strength of the foam. This report is intended for members of the IUKWC Open Network and water security stakeholders.
- Published
- 2019
6. Magnetic Resonance Evaluation of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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BATRA, A., TRIPATHI, R. P., and GORTHI, S. P.
- Published
- 2004
7. Optimal MAP Parameters Estimation in STAPLE - Learning from Performance Parameters versus Image Similarity Information
- Author
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Gorthi, S., Akhondi-Asl, A., Jean-Philippe Thiran, and Warfield, S. K.
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In many medical imaging applications merging segmentations obtained from multiple reference images (i.e. templates) has become a standard practice for improving the accuracy as well as reliability. Simultaneous Truth And Performance Level Estimation (STAPLE) is a widely used fusion algorithm that simultaneously estimates both performance parameters for each template and the output segmentation; a more accurate estimation of performance parameters consequently results in more accurate output segmentations. In this paper we propose a new approach for learning prior knowledge about the performance parameters of each template and for incorporating it into the Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) formulation of the STAPLE so that more accurate output segmentations can be obtained. More specifically we propose a new approach to learn for each structure to be segmented the relationships between the performance parameters (viz. sensitivity and specificity) and the intensity similarities; we also propose a methodology for transferring this prior knowledge about the performance parameters into the STAPLE algorithm through optimal setting of the MAP parameters. The proposed approach is evaluated for the segmentation of structures in the brain MR images. These experiments have clearly demonstrated the advantages of incorporating such prior knowledge.
- Published
- 2014
8. Omphalocele with patent omphalomesenteric duct and ileal prolapse
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Rohatgi, M. and Gorthi, S. N.
- Published
- 1984
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9. Diffusion tensor tractography in cerebral small vessel disease: correlation with cognitive function.
- Author
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D’Souza, Maria M., Gorthi, S. P., Vadwala, Kunal, Trivedi, Richa, Vijayakumar, C., Kaur, Prabhjot, and Khushu, Subash
- Abstract
Background Patients with cerebral small vessel disease may suffer from varying levels of cognitive deficit and may progress on to vascular dementia. The extent of involvement, as seen on conventional magnetic resonance (MR) measures, correlates poorly with the level of cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as a marker for white matter damage in small vessel disease and to assess its correlation with cognitive function. Methods Thirty consecutive patients with cerebral small vessel disease underwent conventional MR imaging, DTI, and neuropsychological assessment. Results On tractographic analysis, fractional anisotropy was significantly reduced while mean diffusivity significantly increased in several white matter tracts. The alteration in DTI indices correlated well with cognitive function. No significant correlation was identified between T2 lesion load and cognitive performance. Conclusions Tractographic analysis of white matter integrity is a useful measure of disease severity and correlates well with cognitive function. It may have a significant potential in monitoring disease progression and may serve as a surrogate marker for treatment trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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10. Multi-Atlas based Segmentation of Head and Neck CT Images using Active Contour
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Gorthi, S, Bach Cuadra, M., Schick, U., Tercier, P.A., Allal, A.S., and Thiran, J.P.
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education ,LTS5 ,LTS - Abstract
This paper presents the segmentation of bilateral parotid glands in the Head and Neck (H&N) CT images using an active contour based atlas registration. We compare segmentation results from three atlas selection strategies: (i) selection of "single-most-similar" atlas for each image to be segmented, (ii) fusion of segmentation results from multiple atlases using STAPLE, and (iii) fusion of segmentation results using majority voting. Among these three approaches, fusion using majority voting provided the best results. Finally, we present a detailed evaluation on a dataset of eight images (provided as a part of H&N auto segmentation challenge conducted in conjunction with MICCAI-2010 conference) using majority voting strategy.
- Published
- 2010
11. Enhancing Accuracy and Sensitivity of Temperature Gradient Measurements in DOE Schardin Schlieren #2 Using Windowed Fourier Transform Method
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Dario Ambrosini, Gorthi, S. S., Paolettia, D., and Rastogi, P.
- Published
- 2010
12. Exporting Contours to DICOM-RT Structure Set
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Gorthi, S., Bach, C.M., and Thiran, J.P.
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DICOM-RT ,RTSTRUCT ,Radiotherapy ,ITK ,GDCM - Abstract
This paper presents an ITK implementation for exporting the contours of the automated segmentation results to DICOM-RT Structure Set format. The "radiotherapy structure set" (RTSTRUCT) object of the DICOM standard is used for the transfer of patient structures and related data, between the devices found within and outside the radiotherapy department. It mainly contains the information of regions of interest (ROIs) and points of interest (E.g. dose reference points). In many cases, rather than manually drawing these ROIs on the CT images, one can indeed benefit from the automated segmentation algorithms already implemented in ITK. But at present, it is not possible to export the ROIs obtained from ITK to RTSTRUCT format. In order to bridge this gap, we have developed a framework for exporting contour data to RTSTRUCT. We provide here the complete implementation of RTSTRUCT exporter and present the details of the pipeline used. Results on a 3-D CT image of the Head and Neck (H&N) region are presented.
- Published
- 2009
13. Active Contour-Based Segmentation of Head and Neck with Adaptive Atlas Selection
- Author
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Gorthi, S., Duay, V., Bach Cuadra, M., Tercier, P.A., Allal, A.S., and Thiran, J.P.
- Subjects
LTS, LTS5 - Abstract
This paper presents automated segmentation of structuresin the Head and Neck (H\&N) region, using an activecontour-based joint registration and segmentation model.A new atlas selection strategy is also used. Segmentationis performed based on the dense deformation fieldcomputed from the registration of selected structures inthe atlas image that have distinct boundaries, onto thepatient's image. This approach results in robustsegmentation of the structures of interest, even in thepresence of tumors, or anatomical differences between theatlas and the patient image. For each patient, an atlasimage is selected from the available atlas-database,based on the similarity metric value, computed afterperforming an affine registration between each image inthe atlas-database and the patient's image. Unlike manyof the previous approaches in the literature, thesimilarity metric is not computed over the entire imageregion; rather, it is computed only in the regions ofsoft tissue structures to be segmented. Qualitative andquantitative evaluation of the results is presented.
- Published
- 2009
14. Atlas-Free Brain Tissue Segmentation Using a Single T1-Weighted MRI Acquisition
- Author
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Kober, T., Roche, A., Esteban, O., Gorthi, S., Ribes, D., Bach Cuadra, M., Meuli, R., Krueger, G., Kober, T., Roche, A., Esteban, O., Gorthi, S., Ribes, D., Bach Cuadra, M., Meuli, R., and Krueger, G.
- Published
- 2012
15. Fusion of Multi-Atlas Segmentations with Spatial Distribution Modeling
- Author
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Gorthi, S., Bach Cuadra, M., Schick, U., Tercier, P.A., Allal, A.S., Thiran, J.P., Gorthi, S., Bach Cuadra, M., Schick, U., Tercier, P.A., Allal, A.S., and Thiran, J.P.
- Abstract
In recent years, multi-atlas fusion methods have gainedsignificant attention in medical image segmentation. Inthis paper, we propose a general Markov Random Field(MRF) based framework that can perform edge-preservingsmoothing of the labels at the time of fusing the labelsitself. More specifically, we formulate the label fusionproblem with MRF-based neighborhood priors, as an energyminimization problem containing a unary data term and apairwise smoothness term. We present how the existingfusion methods like majority voting, global weightedvoting and local weighted voting methods can be reframedto profit from the proposed framework, for generatingmore accurate segmentations as well as more contiguoussegmentations by getting rid of holes and islands. Theproposed framework is evaluated for segmenting lymphnodes in 3D head and neck CT images. A comparison ofvarious fusion algorithms is also presented.
- Published
- 2011
16. Biomarkers to enhance accuracy and precision of prediction of short-term and long-term outcome after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: a study protocol for a prospective cohort study.
- Author
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Kumar, A., Kumar, P., Misra, S., Sagar, R., Kathuria, P., Vibha, D., Vivekanandhan, S., Garg, A., Kaul, B., Raghvan, S., Gorthi, S. P., Dabla, S., Aggarwal, C. S., and Prasad, Kameshwar
- Subjects
BIOMARKERS ,GENETIC markers ,BRAIN injuries ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,CLINICAL prediction rules - Abstract
Background: Several studies reported prognostic value of biomarker in intracerebral hemorrhagic (ICH) but they are either preliminary observation or inadequately powered to analyse independent contribution of biomarkers over and above clinical and neuroimaging data. Objective: To examine whether the biomarker can significantly add to the predictive accuracy of prognosis of ICH. Method/design: In a multi-centric prospective cohort study, 1020 patients with ICH within 72 hours of onset are being recruited. After obtaining written informed consent from patients/proxy, venous blood sample (10 ml) is being collected and analysed for C-reactive protein (CRP) level, S100B, Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Troponin, change in leukocyte count and Copeptin levels. The patients are telephonically followed using stroke scales (Barthel Index and modified Rankin Scale) at 3, 6, 12 months and 2 years after the recruitment. Discussion: This protocol will aim at predicting the short term or long term prognosis with the use of clinical, neuroimaging and biomarkers in order to help clinician to stratify patients for early referral or intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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17. Enhancing Accuracy and Sensitivity of Temperature Gradient Measurements in DOE Schardin Schlieren [sharp/mesh/hash_synonym]2 Using Windowed Fourier Transform Method.
- Author
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Ambrosini, D., Gorthi, S. S., Paoletti, D., and Rastogi, P.
- Subjects
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FOURIER transforms , *DIFFRACTION patterns , *REFRACTIVE index , *TEMPERATURE , *METROLOGY , *ALGORITHMS - Abstract
Recently heat flow visualization by transmitting a fringe pattern through a test section having non-uniform refractive index distribution was proposed. The fringe pattern is generated by the use of a diffractive optical element (DOE). Information about the temperature gradient is encoded in the phase of the deformed fringe pattern which is recorded from the other side of the test section. Phase of the recorded fringe pattern is then estimated usually using Fourier transform analysis method. The main feature of this measurement methodology is the flexibility in suiting to different heat transfer phenomena. However, it was found that the application in air may give rise to sensitivity problems. Consequently a combination of strategies such as modifying the experimental setup (introducing a distance between test section and ground glass), increasing the frequency of the projected pattern have been proposed for improving sensitivity. However, as these strategies have met with limited success, in this paper we propose the use of employing a different data processing algorithm, namely windowed Fourier transform, for enhancing the accuracy and the sensitivity of measurement. Simulation and experimental results of the system in making whole-field measurement of temperature gradient using Fourier transform and windowed Fourier transform algorithms are shown to validate the potential of the proposed strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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18. A LabVIEW based test-bed with off-the-shelf components for research in mobile sensor networks.
- Author
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Ballal, P., Giordano, V., Dang, P., Gorthi, S., Mireles, J., and Lewis, F.
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- 2006
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19. PD-0475: Multi-atlas fusion methods for segmentation of head and neck lymph nodes for radiotherapy planning
- Author
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Gorthi, S., Bach Cuadra, M., Villafruela Vicario, J., Tercier, P.A., Thiran, J.P., and Allal, A.S.
- Published
- 2013
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20. Local Polynomial Phase Modeling and Estimation
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Gannavarpu, R, Gorthi, S, Rastogi, Pramod, Rastogi, Pramod, and Hack, E.
21. Optofluidic microscopy using femtosecond micromachined glass microfluidics
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Veerendra Kalyan Jagannadh, Mackenzie, M. D., Pal, P., Kar, A. K., and Gorthi, S. S.
22. Vaginal birth after caesarean section
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Madhini, V. and Gorthi, S.
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- 2000
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23. Management of pregnancy with Thomsen's disease.
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Gorthi, S., Radbourne, S., Drury, N., and Rajagopalan, C.
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- 2013
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24. Safety and Efficacy of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Therapy for Patients in Neurological Disorders (A Pilot Study).
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Gorthi, S. P., Guptha, P. K., Sahoo, P. K., Sinha, P. K., Kumar, S., and Sarkar, R. S.
- Subjects
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AUTOGRAFTS , *BONE marrow , *CELLULAR therapy , *SPINAL cord diseases , *MUSCULAR dystrophy , *CEREBROVASCULAR disease , *PARAPLEGIA - Abstract
Aim & Objectives: A pilot study to test the safety, feasibility and efficacy of using autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients with spinal cord trauma, ALS, muscular dystrophy and stroke patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty five patients of different neurological disorders were selected for this study. The mean age of the patients was 38 yrs, ranging from 21yr to 55 yrs. These patients were randomly selected with no bias. Equal number of controls was studied who were not given cell therapy. After obtaining informed consent 50 ml bone marrow was aspirated from posterior superior iliac spine, mononuclear cells were separated by Ficoll density separation method. After the viability test 28-50 million cells were injected intrathecally, intravenously, intrarterially or intraspinal routes depending on the indication. Results: Of the 55 cases selected for this study, thirty seven cases were of traumatic paraplegia, thirteen cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, three cases of muscular dystrophy and two cases of stroke. A total volume of 3.5 ml containing average of 50.8 x 10 7 of BM-MNC was injected to the patients. The range varied from 28.2 x 10 7 to 125.6 x 10 7 BM-MNC with viability of 95%. All cultures were negative for bacteria and fungi. Of these mononuclear cells approximately 1% cells were CD 34 positive. There were no immediate side affects after administration of BM -- MNC. All the patients were followed up for a duration of six months to one year. There was no deterioration in their symptoms as compared to patients who were not given cell therapy. The patients of traumatic paraplegia felt that there is some improvement in their bladder function. Conclusion: The use of autologous bone marrow cells for the treatment of neurological disorders is a low -- cost, relatively simple, and easy-to-perform option, once its safety and efficacy is proved. Because these disorders has an enormous social and economic impact, result in major impairment and suffering to the patient and his family, there is a pressing need for multicentric, randomized clinical trials with autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
25. Abstract 3369.
- Author
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Prasad, Kameshwar, Johari, S., Gorthi, S. P, Sarkar, R. S, Prabhakar, Sudesh, Mishra, U K, and Bhatnagar, Shinjini
- Published
- 2012
26. Correlation of Clinical- Electrophysiological Abnormalities in Individuals with HIV Infection (Case-Control Study).
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Gorthi, S. P., Srivatsava, S., Singh, K. K., Sarvanan, S., and Subrahmanyam, S.
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CASE studies , *ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY , *HIV infections , *HIV-positive persons , *AIDS patients - Abstract
Aim: To study the prevalence of electrophysiological abnormalities in HIV infected individuals and to study their clinical correlation. Objective: To identify electrophysiological tests of diagnostic importance Materials and Methods: Forty HIV patients (Group 1-Asymptomatic-10, Group II- Neuro-AIDS-08, Group-III- Neuro-AIDS with other diseases-05, Group-IV Other AIDS defining diseases-11) and 20 age matched controls were studied. Clinical assessment, CD4/CD8 counts, Nerve conduction studies, Visual evoked potentials (VER), Brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAER), Somatosensory evoked responses (SSEP) and P-300 were done in all Results: Eighty eight percent patients showed demyelinating neuropathy starting in common peroneal nerve. In asymptomatic individuals VER were abnormal in 15%, BAER in 20%, SSEP- 75% and P-300 in 22% in patients with other AIDS defining illnesses than Neuro-AIDS, Visual evoked responses were abnormal in 24%, BAER 41%, SSEP 46%, P-300 in 19%. Overall Nerve conduction velocity was abnormal in 88%, VER-15%, BAER 40%, and SSEP- in 59% of individuals tested. The abnormalities are fairly common even when the CD-4 count is >250/cumm. Conclusion: Sub-clinical electrophysiological abnormalities are common in asymptomatic and non-Neuro-AIDS patients and guide further management strategies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
27. Fully automated sinogram-based deep learning model for detection and classification of intracranial hemorrhage.
- Author
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Sindhura C, Al Fahim M, Yalavarthy PK, and Gorthi S
- Subjects
- Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Neural Networks, Computer, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Intracranial Hemorrhages diagnostic imaging, Algorithms, Deep Learning
- Abstract
Purpose: To propose an automated approach for detecting and classifying Intracranial Hemorrhages (ICH) directly from sinograms using a deep learning framework. This method is proposed to overcome the limitations of the conventional diagnosis by eliminating the time-consuming reconstruction step and minimizing the potential noise and artifacts that can occur during the Computed Tomography (CT) reconstruction process., Methods: This study proposes a two-stage automated approach for detecting and classifying ICH from sinograms using a deep learning framework. The first stage of the framework is Intensity Transformed Sinogram Sythesizer, which synthesizes sinograms that are equivalent to the intensity-transformed CT images. The second stage comprises of a cascaded Convolutional Neural Network-Recurrent Neural Network (CNN-RNN) model that detects and classifies hemorrhages from the synthesized sinograms. The CNN module extracts high-level features from each input sinogram, while the RNN module provides spatial correlation of the neighborhood regions in the sinograms. The proposed method was evaluated on a publicly available RSNA dataset consisting of a large sample size of 8652 patients., Results: The results showed that the proposed method had a notable improvement as high as 27% in patient-wise accuracies when compared to state-of-the-art methods like ResNext-101, Inception-v3 and Vision Transformer. Furthermore, the sinogram-based approach was found to be more robust to noise and offset errors in comparison to CT image-based approaches. The proposed model was also subjected to a multi-label classification analysis to determine the hemorrhage type from a given sinogram. The learning patterns of the proposed model were also examined for explainability using the activation maps., Conclusion: The proposed sinogram-based approach can provide an accurate and efficient diagnosis of ICH without the need for the time-consuming reconstruction step and can potentially overcome the limitations of CT image-based approaches. The results show promising outcomes for the use of sinogram-based approaches in detecting hemorrhages, and further research can explore the potential of this approach in clinical settings., (© 2023 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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28. Towards clinical applicability and computational efficiency in automatic cranial implant design: An overview of the AutoImplant 2021 cranial implant design challenge.
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Li J, Ellis DG, Kodym O, Rauschenbach L, Rieß C, Sure U, Wrede KH, Alvarez CM, Wodzinski M, Daniol M, Hemmerling D, Mahdi H, Clement A, Kim E, Fishman Z, Whyne CM, Mainprize JG, Hardisty MR, Pathak S, Sindhura C, Gorthi RKSS, Kiran DV, Gorthi S, Yang B, Fang K, Li X, Kroviakov A, Yu L, Jin Y, Pepe A, Gsaxner C, Herout A, Alves V, Španěl M, Aizenberg MR, Kleesiek J, and Egger J
- Subjects
- Humans, Craniotomy methods, Head, Skull diagnostic imaging, Skull surgery, Prostheses and Implants
- Abstract
Cranial implants are commonly used for surgical repair of craniectomy-induced skull defects. These implants are usually generated offline and may require days to weeks to be available. An automated implant design process combined with onsite manufacturing facilities can guarantee immediate implant availability and avoid secondary intervention. To address this need, the AutoImplant II challenge was organized in conjunction with MICCAI 2021, catering for the unmet clinical and computational requirements of automatic cranial implant design. The first edition of AutoImplant (AutoImplant I, 2020) demonstrated the general capabilities and effectiveness of data-driven approaches, including deep learning, for a skull shape completion task on synthetic defects. The second AutoImplant challenge (i.e., AutoImplant II, 2021) built upon the first by adding real clinical craniectomy cases as well as additional synthetic imaging data. The AutoImplant II challenge consisted of three tracks. Tracks 1 and 3 used skull images with synthetic defects to evaluate the ability of submitted approaches to generate implants that recreate the original skull shape. Track 3 consisted of the data from the first challenge (i.e., 100 cases for training, and 110 for evaluation), and Track 1 provided 570 training and 100 validation cases aimed at evaluating skull shape completion algorithms at diverse defect patterns. Track 2 also made progress over the first challenge by providing 11 clinically defective skulls and evaluating the submitted implant designs on these clinical cases. The submitted designs were evaluated quantitatively against imaging data from post-craniectomy as well as by an experienced neurosurgeon. Submissions to these challenge tasks made substantial progress in addressing issues such as generalizability, computational efficiency, data augmentation, and implant refinement. This paper serves as a comprehensive summary and comparison of the submissions to the AutoImplant II challenge. Codes and models are available at https://github.com/Jianningli/Autoimplant_II., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Michal Španěl is affiliated with TESCAN 3DIM that sponsored the challenge., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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29. Novel Model of Oxalate Diet-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Dahl-Salt-Sensitive Rats.
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Dube P, Aradhyula V, Lad A, Khalaf FK, Breidenbach JD, Kashaboina E, Gorthi S, Varatharajan S, Stevens TW, Connolly JA, Soehnlen SM, Sood A, Marellapudi A, Ranabothu M, Kleinhenz AL, Domenig O, Dworkin LD, Malhotra D, Haller ST, and Kennedy DJ
- Subjects
- Rats, Animals, Rats, Inbred Dahl, Oxalates metabolism, Kidney metabolism, Sodium Chloride, Dietary metabolism, Sodium Chloride metabolism, Diet adverse effects, Blood Pressure, Hypertension metabolism, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic metabolism
- Abstract
Diet-induced models of chronic kidney disease (CKD) offer several advantages, including clinical relevance and animal welfare, compared with surgical models. Oxalate is a plant-based, terminal toxic metabolite that is eliminated by the kidneys through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. An increased load of dietary oxalate leads to supersaturation, calcium oxalate crystal formation, renal tubular obstruction, and eventually CKD. Dahl-Salt-Sensitive (SS) rats are a common strain used to study hypertensive renal disease; however, the characterization of other diet-induced models on this background would allow for comparative studies of CKD within the same strain. In the present study, we hypothesized that SS rats on a low-salt, oxalate rich diet would have increased renal injury and serve as novel, clinically relevant and reproducible CKD rat models. Ten-week-old male SS rats were fed either 0.2% salt normal chow (SS-NC) or a 0.2% salt diet containing 0.67% sodium oxalate (SS-OX) for five weeks.Real-time PCR demonstrated an increased expression of inflammatory marker interleukin-6 (IL-6) ( p < 0.0001) and fibrotic marker Timp-1 metalloproteinase ( p < 0.0001) in the renal cortex of SS-OX rat kidneys compared with SS-NC. The immunohistochemistry of kidney tissue demonstrated an increase in CD-68 levels, a marker of macrophage infiltration in SS-OX rats ( p < 0.001). In addition, SS-OX rats displayed increased 24 h urinary protein excretion (UPE) ( p < 0.01) as well as significant elevations in plasma Cystatin C ( p < 0.01). Furthermore, the oxalate diet induced hypertension ( p < 0.05). A renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) profiling (via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; LC-MS) in the SS-OX plasma showed significant ( p < 0.05) increases in multiple RAAS metabolites including angiotensin (1-5), angiotensin (1-7), and aldosterone. The oxalate diet induces significant renal inflammation, fibrosis, and renal dysfunction as well as RAAS activation and hypertension in SS rats compared with a normal chow diet. This study introduces a novel diet-induced model to study hypertension and CKD that is more clinically translatable and reproducible than the currently available models.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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30. Impact of antioxidants in improving semen parameters like count, motility and DNA fragmentation in sub-fertile males: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
- Author
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Patki A, Shelatkar R, Singh M, Agarwal S, M V, Umbardand S, Reddy A, Kannan P, Gorthi S, Khastgir G, Kulshreshtha A, and Ganu G
- Abstract
Male infertility is solely responsible for 20-30% of infertility cases. Oxidative damage of sperm DNA is positively linked with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT), and male infertility. The antioxidants are being explored worldwide to combat OAT, sperm DNA fragmentation and reactive oxygen species. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of an antioxidant blend in improving sperm count, semen parameters and reducing DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in sub-fertile males. A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 300 sub-fertile males (25-45 years) from ten study sites in India. Subjects were randomized in either the antioxidant blend treatment group or placebo group. We assessed changes in sperm count, motility, normal morphology, semen volume, and percent DFI before and after treatment (90 days). To further stratify data on different criteria post hoc analysis was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 10.0 software. There were improvements in sperm count, semen volume, sperm motility, and sperm normal morphology in the treatment group. There was improvement in sperm count in severe oligospermia subjects (sperm count < 5 million/mL, 5-10 million/mL, 10.1-15 million/mL), and high-extremely higher baseline DFI (20-30%, 31-40% and above 40%), as per post hoc analysis. There was no premature discontinuation and adverse events were reported during the study, indicating safety and well-tolerability of treatment. Study results confirmed the well-researched fact of antioxidants being effective to reduce oxidative stress and thus improve sperm DNA integrity and also improved semen parameters in males aged 40 and above., Trial Registration: Clinical Trials Registry-India Identifier: CTRI/2020/12/029590., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: - Authors: Rohit Shelatkar is a part of Vitabiotics UK. Meyer Organics Pvt. Ltd. is a group company of Vitabiotics. Other authors declare no conflict of interest - Reviewers: Nothing to declare - Editors: Nothing to declare, (Copyright © 2023 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology.)
- Published
- 2023
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31. Exploring the multifactorial aspects of Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease.
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Pavan S, Prabhu AN, Prasad Gorthi S, Das B, Mutreja A, Shetty V, Ramamurthy T, and Ballal M
- Subjects
- Antiparkinson Agents, Brain, Humans, alpha-Synuclein metabolism, Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology, Parkinson Disease therapy
- Abstract
Advanced research in health science has broadened our view in approaching and understanding the pathophysiology of diseases and has also revolutionised diagnosis and treatment. Ever since the establishment of Braak's hypothesis in the propagation of alpha-synuclein from the distant olfactory and enteric nervous system towards the brain in Parkinson's Disease (PD), studies have explored and revealed the involvement of altered gut microbiota in PD. This review recapitulates the gut microbiome associated with PD severity, duration, motor and non-motor symptoms, and antiparkinsonian treatment from recent literature. Gut microbial signatures in PD are potential predictors of the disease and are speculated to be used in early diagnosis and treatment. In brief, the review also emphasises on implications of the prebiotic, probiotic, faecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions as alternative treatments in modulating the disease symptoms in PD., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
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32. INSTRuCT: Protocol, Infrastructure, and Governance.
- Author
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Pandian JD, Verma SJ, Arora D, Sharma M, Dhaliwal R, Khatter H, Huilgol R, Sylaja PN, Dhasan A, Renjith V, Pathak A, Pai A, Sharma A, Vaishnav A, Ray B, Khurana D, Mittal G, Kulkarni G, Sebastian I, Roy J, Kumaravelu S, John L, Kate M, Srivastava MV, Kempegowda MB, Borah N, Ramrakhiani N, Rai N, Ojha P, Bhatia R, Das R, Sureshbabu S, Jabeen SA, Bhoi S, Aaron S, Sarma P, Saroja AO, Abraham S, Sharma S, Sulena S, Gorthi S, Nagarjunakonda S, Narayan S, Mathew T, George T, Vijaya P, Huded V, Nambiar V, and Reddy YM
- Subjects
- Hospitals, Humans, India, Policy, Publications, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic standards, Stroke drug therapy, Stroke Rehabilitation, Clinical Trials as Topic standards, Multicenter Studies as Topic standards, Stroke therapy
- Abstract
Background and Purpose: Very few large scale multicentric stroke clinical trials have been done in India. The Indian Council of Medical Research funded INSTRuCT (Indian Stroke Clinical Trial Network) as a task force project with the objectives to establish a state-of-the-art stroke clinical trial network and to conduct pharmacological and nonpharmacological stroke clinical trials relevant to the nation and globally. The purpose of the article is to enumerate the structure of multicentric stroke network, with emphasis on its scope, challenges and expectations in India., Methods: Multiple expert group meetings were conducted by Indian Council of Medical Research to understand the scope of network to perform stroke clinical trials in the country. Established stroke centers with annual volume of 200 patients with stroke with prior experience of conducting clinical trials were included. Central coordinating center, standard operating procedures, data and safety monitoring board were formed., Discussion: In first phase, 2 trials were initiated namely, SPRINT (Secondary Prevention by Structured Semi-Interactive Stroke Prevention Package in India) and Ayurveda treatment in the rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke in India (RESTORE [Rehabilitation of Ischemic stroke Patients in India: A Randomized controlled trial]). In second phase, 4 trials have been approved. SPRINT trial was the first to be initiated. SPRINT trial randomized first patient on April 28, 2018; recruited 3048 patients with an average of 128.5 per month so far. The first follow-up was completed on May 27, 2019. RESTORE trial randomized first patient on May 22, 2019; recruited 49 patients with an average of 3.7 per month so far. The first follow-up was completed on August 30, 2019., Conclusions: In next 5 years, INSTRuCT will be able to complete high-quality large scale stroke trials which are relevant globally., Registration: URL: http://www.ctri.nic.in/; Unique Identifier: CTRI/2017/05/008507.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Single-shot circular fringe projection for the profiling of objects having surface discontinuities.
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Mandapalli JK, Ravi V, Gorthi SS, Gorthi S, and Gorthi RK
- Abstract
Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is a widely used non-contact optical method for 3D profiling of objects. The commonly used linear fringe pattern in FPP has periodic intensity variations along the lateral direction. As a result, the linear fringe pattern used in FPP cannot uniquely represent the lateral shift induced by the objects having surface discontinuities. Thus, unambiguous surface profiling of objects, especially with surface discontinuities, using a single linear fringe image having a single fringe frequency, is unfeasible. This paper proposes using a radially symmetric circular fringe pattern as the structured light pattern for accurate unambiguous surface profiling of sudden height-discontinuous objects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only method that can reconstruct discontinuous height profiles with the help of a single fringe image having a single frequency. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on several synthetic and real objects having smooth variations and discontinuities. Compared to the well-known fringe projection methods, the results depict that for a tolerable range of error, the proposed method can be applied for the reconstruction of objects with 4 times higher dynamic range and even at much lower fringe frequencies.
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
34. Beneficial effects of bio-controlling agent Bacillus cereus IB311 on the agricultural crop production and its biomass optimization through response surface methodology.
- Author
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Banerjee G, Gorthi S, and Chattopadhyay P
- Subjects
- Biomass, Crops, Agricultural microbiology, Agricultural Inoculants, Agrobacterium tumefaciens growth & development, Bacillus cereus, Biological Control Agents, Biotechnology methods, Plant Tumors microbiology, Pseudomonas syringae growth & development
- Abstract
Disease in agricultural field is a big problem that causes a massive loss in production. In this present investigation, we have reported a soil-borne bacterium Bacillus cereus IB311 which is antagonistic to plant pathogens (Pseudomonas syringae and Agrobacterium tumefaciens), and could make a substantial contribution to the prevention of plant diseases. To prove the practical application, the strain was directly applied in agricultural field. The results demonstrated that B. cereus IB311 has increased the production (20% and 26% in term of average pod number per plant, average seed number per pod, and seed yield per experimental plot) in ground nut (Arachis hypogaea var. Koushal, G201) and sesame (Sesamum indicum var. Kanak), respectively. To reduce the production cost, the biomass production was optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). Interactions of three variables (glucose, beef extract and inoculum) were studied using Central Composite Design. According to our analysis, optimum production of Bacillus cereus IB311 (5.383 µg/ mL) may be obtained at glucose 1.985%, beef extract 1.615% and inoculums size 0.757%. Therefore, we strongly believe that the application of this strain in agricultural field as bio-controlling agent will definitely enhance the production yield and will reduce the disease risk.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Randomized trial to assess safety and clinical efficacy of intensive blood pressure reduction in acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage.
- Author
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Gupta S, Abbot AK, Srinath R, Tewari AK, Gupta A, Gorthi SP, Narayanan CS, Totlani SI, Sirohi YS, and Anadure R
- Abstract
Background: Haematoma expansion due to raised blood pressure in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage may determine outcome. The aim of this study was to determine safety and efficacy of lowering blood pressure in acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage., Methods: This open label, multicentric trial randomized patients ≥18 years with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage with no secondary cause within 72 h of onset to tight BP control arm where treatment was initiated if mean arterial pressure (MAP) was ≥115 mm of Hg and conventional BP control arm where treatment was initiated if MAP was ≥130 mm of Hg. The MAP was maintained in the respective arm for another 72 h after which both arms had MAP below 115 mm of Hg. Primary outcome was modified Rankin Scale at 90 days., Results: 118 patients, 59 in each arm were included. Follow up was available for all. Baseline characteristics were similar. At 90 days there was no significant difference between median mRS between the two arms. Odds Ratio for "poor outcome" (mRS 3-6) in the tight control arm (safety of the intervention) against "good outcome" (mRS 0-2) was not significant (OR 0.70 [95% CI 0.34-1.47] p = 0.35). Efficacy of the intervention in the form of Odds Ratio for "good outcome" in the tight control arm was not significant (OR 1.43 [95% CI 0.68-2.99], p = 0.35)., Conclusion: In patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage who present within 72 h of the onset of symptoms, MAP can be safely lowered if it crosses 115 mm of Hg but it does not improve clinical outcome.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Diffusion tensor tractography in cerebral small vessel disease: correlation with cognitive function.
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D'Souza MM, Gorthi SP, Vadwala K, Trivedi R, Vijayakumar C, Kaur P, and Khushu S
- Subjects
- Aged, Anisotropy, Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases pathology, Contrast Media, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Software, White Matter pathology, Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases complications, Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases diagnostic imaging, Cognition Disorders etiology, Diffusion Tensor Imaging methods
- Abstract
Background Patients with cerebral small vessel disease may suffer from varying levels of cognitive deficit and may progress on to vascular dementia. The extent of involvement, as seen on conventional magnetic resonance (MR) measures, correlates poorly with the level of cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as a marker for white matter damage in small vessel disease and to assess its correlation with cognitive function. Methods Thirty consecutive patients with cerebral small vessel disease underwent conventional MR imaging, DTI, and neuropsychological assessment. Results On tractographic analysis, fractional anisotropy was significantly reduced while mean diffusivity significantly increased in several white matter tracts. The alteration in DTI indices correlated well with cognitive function. No significant correlation was identified between T2 lesion load and cognitive performance. Conclusions Tractographic analysis of white matter integrity is a useful measure of disease severity and correlates well with cognitive function. It may have a significant potential in monitoring disease progression and may serve as a surrogate marker for treatment trials.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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37. Bare fiber Bragg grating immunosensor for real-time detection of Escherichia coli bacteria.
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Srinivasan R, Umesh S, Murali S, Asokan S, and Siva Gorthi S
- Subjects
- Optical Fibers, Antibodies, Bacterial chemistry, Antibodies, Immobilized chemistry, Biosensing Techniques, Escherichia coli isolation & purification
- Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria have been identified to be the cause of variety of health outbreaks resulting from contamination of food and water. Timely and rapid detection of the bacteria is thus crucial to maintain desired quality of food products and water resources. A novel methodology proposed in this paper demonstrates for the first time, the feasibility of employing a bare fiber Bragg grating (bFBG) sensor for detection of E. coli bacteria. The sensor was fabricated in a photo-sensitive optical fiber (4.2 µm/80 µm). Anti-E. coli antibody was immobilized on the sensor surface to enable the capture of target cells/bacteria present in the sample solution. Strain induced on the sensor surface as a result of antibody immobilization and subsequent binding of E. coli bacteria resulted in unique wavelength shifts in the respective recording of the reflected Bragg wavelength, which can be exploited for the application of biosensing. Functionalization and antibody binding on to the fiber surface was cross validated by the color development resulting from the reaction of an appropriate substrate solution with the enzyme label conjugated to the anti-E. coli antibody. Scanning electron microscope image of the fiber, further verified the E. coli cells bound to the antibody immobilized sensor surface., (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
38. Evaluation of the effect of doubling atlases using midsagittal plane on multi-atlas based segmentation of brain structures.
- Author
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Gorthi S
- Subjects
- Humans, Brain anatomy & histology, Brain diagnostic imaging, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods
- Abstract
Normal human brain exhibits approximately bi-fold symmetry with respect to its midsagittal plane (MSP). The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of doubling atlases (i.e., reference images) used in multi-atlas fusion methods by exploiting the inherent bilateral symmetry of human brain. To this end, we perform automated segmentation of 15 subcortical structures using Local Weighted Voting (LWV) fusion method with varying number of atlases. We consider three specific scenarios for atlases while performing fusion: (i) fusion with original OASIS atlases, (ii) with atlases obtained by flipping the original atlases based on their MSP, and (iii) with both original and flipped atlases. Evaluations are performed on the publicly available OASIS dataset of 20 normal human brain MR images. One of the key findings of this study is that when the number of atlases available for fusion is less than 10, fusion by combining both the original and flipped atlases provided more accurate segmentations than using only the original atlases, or only the flipped atlases.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Optimal MAP Parameters Estimation in STAPLE Using Local Intensity Similarity Information.
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Gorthi S, Akhondi-Asl A, and Warfield SK
- Subjects
- Brain anatomy & histology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Algorithms, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Neuroimaging methods
- Abstract
In recent years, fusing segmentation results obtained based on multiple template images has become a standard practice in many medical imaging applications. Such multiple-templates-based methods are found to provide more reliable and accurate segmentations than the single-template-based methods. In this paper, we present a new approach for learning prior knowledge about the performance parameters of template images using the local intensity similarity information; we also propose a methodology to incorporate that prior knowledge through the estimation of the optimal MAP parameters. The proposed method is evaluated in the context of segmentation of structures in the brain magnetic resonance images by comparing our results with some of the state-of-the-art segmentation methods. These experiments have clearly demonstrated the advantages of learning and incorporating prior knowledge about the performance parameters using the proposed method.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. MBIS: multivariate Bayesian image segmentation tool.
- Author
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Esteban O, Wollny G, Gorthi S, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Thiran JP, Santos A, and Bach-Cuadra M
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging pathology, Algorithms, Brain pathology, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Markov Chains, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Multivariate Analysis, Organ Size, Software, Young Adult, Bayes Theorem, Brain anatomy & histology, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted methods, Magnetic Resonance Imaging statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
We present MBIS (Multivariate Bayesian Image Segmentation tool), a clustering tool based on the mixture of multivariate normal distributions model. MBIS supports multichannel bias field correction based on a B-spline model. A second methodological novelty is the inclusion of graph-cuts optimization for the stationary anisotropic hidden Markov random field model. Along with MBIS, we release an evaluation framework that contains three different experiments on multi-site data. We first validate the accuracy of segmentation and the estimated bias field for each channel. MBIS outperforms a widely used segmentation tool in a cross-comparison evaluation. The second experiment demonstrates the robustness of results on atlas-free segmentation of two image sets from scan-rescan protocols on 21 healthy subjects. Multivariate segmentation is more replicable than the monospectral counterpart on T1-weighted images. Finally, we provide a third experiment to illustrate how MBIS can be used in a large-scale study of tissue volume change with increasing age in 584 healthy subjects. This last result is meaningful as multivariate segmentation performs robustly without the need for prior knowledge., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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41. Bio-repository of DNA in stroke: a study protocol of three ancestral populations.
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Cotlarciuc I, Khan MS, Maheshwari A, Yadav S, Khan FY, Al-Hail H, de Silva R, Gorthi SP, Gupta S, Sharma SR, Sylaja PN, Prasad K, and Sharma P
- Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the world. Identifying the genes underlying stroke risk may help us to improve our understanding of the mechanisms that cause stroke and also identify novel therapeutic targets. To have sufficient power to disentangle the genetic component of stroke, large-scale highly phenotyped DNA repositories are necessary. The BRAINS (Bio-repository of DNA in stroke) study aims to recruit subjects with all subtypes of stroke as well as controls from UK, India, Sri Lanka and Qatar. BRAINS-UK will include 1500 stroke patients of European ancestry as well as British South Asians. BRAINS-South Asia aims to recruit 3000 stroke subjects and 3000 controls from across India and Sri Lanka. BRAINS-Middle East aims to enrol 1500 stroke patients from Qatar. The controls for BRAINS-Middle East will be recruited from a population-based Qatari Biobank. With the addition of new recruitment centres in India and Qatar, we present an updated version of the BRAINS study protocol. This is the first international DNA biobank for stroke patients and controls from the Middle East. By investigating the influence of genetic factors on stroke risk in European, South Asian and Middle Eastern populations, BRAINS has the potential to improve our understanding of genetic differences between these groups and may lead to new population-specific therapeutic targets.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Active deformation fields: dense deformation field estimation for atlas-based segmentation using the active contour framework.
- Author
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Gorthi S, Duay V, Bresson X, Cuadra MB, Sánchez Castro FJ, Pollo C, Allal AS, and Thiran JP
- Subjects
- Brain diagnostic imaging, Computational Biology, Humans, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Algorithms, Brain anatomy & histology, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods
- Abstract
This paper presents a new and original variational framework for atlas-based segmentation. The proposed framework integrates both the active contour framework, and the dense deformation fields of optical flow framework. This framework is quite general and encompasses many of the state-of-the-art atlas-based segmentation methods. It also allows to perform the registration of atlas and target images based on only selected structures of interest. The versatility and potentiality of the proposed framework are demonstrated by presenting three diverse applications: In the first application, we show how the proposed framework can be used to simulate the growth of inconsistent structures like a tumor in an atlas. In the second application, we estimate the position of nonvisible brain structures based on the surrounding structures and validate the results by comparing with other methods. In the final application, we present the segmentation of lymph nodes in the Head and Neck CT images, and demonstrate how multiple registration forces can be used in this framework in an hierarchical manner., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Early Cognitive Impairment: Role of Clock Drawing Test.
- Author
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Mittal C, Gorthi SP, and Rohatgi S
- Abstract
Background: Folstein's Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) often fails to identify executive dysfunction even if quite severe. Detailed neuropsychological tests and extensive bedside tests are available to evaluate executive function, but most of them are time consuming. This study was done to determine the value of a Clock Drawing Test (CDT) as a simple tool to identify cognitive dysfunction in various neurological disorders and to assess its utility as an adjunct to MMSE in identifying executive dysfunction in a a busy out patient department (OPD)., Methods: A total of 81 patients suffering from neurological disorders and 81 controls were studied. All subjects received the MMSE and the CDT. The CDT is divided into an unprompted task that is sensitive to executive control (CDT 1) and a copying task which is not (CDT 2)., Result: All the three tests (CDT 1, CDT 2 and MMSE) could recognize cognitive and executive function deficits, when compared with age and sex matched controls (p < 0. 001). CDT scores correlated strongly with the level of executive function deficits. CDT+MMSE detected 95% cases as abnormal as compared to 47% detected by MMSE alone., Conclusion: CDT along with MMSE can detect executive control deficits and cognitive deficits. The CDT 1 tests executive control performance, while CDT 2 tests posterior cortical deficits.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Meningococcal Vaccine: Which, When and for Whom?
- Author
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Gorthi SP and Nagpal AK
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Management of asymptomatic mid-trimester lower segment scar dehiscence.
- Author
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Gorthi S, Simpson NA, Lodge V, Dunham RJ, and Lane G
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Surgical Wound Dehiscence etiology, Cesarean Section adverse effects, Surgical Wound Dehiscence therapy
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Partner Counselling and Referral Services (PCRS) for HIV in Armed Forces - Visiting a Blind Spot.
- Author
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Shankar S, Chatterji RS, Chaudary NR, Sharma LR, Gorthi SP, and Shanmuganandan K
- Abstract
The Indian armed forces have over 5000 cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection since 1990. The spouses of the affected soldiers are at a constant risk of contracting infection if not informed of their husband's HIV status. The onus of counselling the spouse has been delegated to the commanding officer (CO) of the soldier as per policy. The spouses usually reside at their hometown away from the soldier's unit and bridging this "geographical discordance" and offering effective counselling becomes a tricky issue for the commanding officer (CO). This article examines the effectiveness of this strategy as practised in Indian armed forces.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Pathological Laughter, Multiple Sclerosis, Behavioural Abnormality.
- Author
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Swamy MN, Johri S, Gorthi SP, Dubey AK, Sharma JR, Ramdas GV, and Yadav KK
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Guillain-Barré syndrome: association with Campylobacter jejuni and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in India.
- Author
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Gorthi SP, Kapoor L, Chaudhry R, Sharma N, Perez-Perez GI, Panigrahi P, and Behari M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Campylobacter Infections diagnosis, Case-Control Studies, Female, Guillain-Barre Syndrome diagnosis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome microbiology, Humans, India, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Campylobacter Infections complications, Campylobacter jejuni isolation & purification, Guillain-Barre Syndrome complications, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications
- Abstract
Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most common cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis and is considered a post-infectious disease., Methods: Twenty patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome admitted to the Neurosciences Centre at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences from November 1997 to August 1998 were investigated for evidence of antecedent infections. This case-control study included 2 controls for each patient, one a household control and the other an age- and sex-matched hospital control suffering from a neurological illness other than Guillain-Barré syndrome. Evidence of recent Campylobacter jejuni infection was investigated by culture and serology, and for Mycoplasma pneumoniae by serology., Results: There was evidence of recent C. jejuni infection in 35% of the patients compared with 25% of household controls and none of the hospital controls. M. pneumoniae infection was seen in 50% of patients compared with 25% of household controls and 15% of hospital controls. About one-third of the patients (30%) had evidence of both infections. The association of both infections in patients was found to be statistically significant as compared to hospital controls., Conclusion: C. jejuni and M. pneumoniae may be important antecedent illnesses in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome in India.
- Published
- 2006
49. HIV infection with myasthenia gravis.
- Author
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Gorthi SP, Shankar S, Johri S, Mishra A, and Chaudhary NR
- Subjects
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Comorbidity, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Military Personnel, Muscle, Skeletal pathology, Myasthenia Gravis complications, Myasthenia Gravis drug therapy, Neostigmine therapeutic use, HIV Infections complications, Myasthenia Gravis diagnosis
- Abstract
A soldier presented in Jan 2002 with features of proximal myopathy and diplopia. Clinically he had features of myasthenia gravis, which was confirmed by significantly positive neostigmine test, decremental response on electrophysiological study and raised acetylcholine receptor antibody titres. He also tested positive for HIV during evaluation of a cervical lymph node detected incidentally. He responded well to neostigmine and has remained asymptomatic on follow up.
- Published
- 2005
50. Meningococcal Meningitis.
- Author
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Johri S, Gorthi SP, and Anand AC
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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