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Objective: The aim was to analyze the effectiveness of the inclusion of a stress-limiting metabolic component into multimodal anesthesia (MMA) in patients operated for ovarian cancer., Methods: A randomized study of the effectiveness of several variants of MMA was conducted in 65 patients with ovarian cancer 55.6±10.3 years old. Prior to the operation, a two-sided TAR block was performed. Anesthesia was maintained by sevoflurane. Analgesia was realized with lidocaine, magnesium sulfate, fentanyl, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The patients were divided into 2 groups. In the 1st ( n =36) group, in order to expand the stress-limiting capabilities of MMA, before surgery, intraoperatively and in the next three days, Remaxol was included. In the 2nd ( n =29) group, Remaxol was not used. Biochemical parameters were studied: POL/AOS, stress and antistress reactions, the content of C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and liver enzymes., Results: Before the operation, the examined patients revealed dysregulation of the antioxidant system, endogenous intoxication (EI), intensification of the systemic inflammatory response, and fermentopathy. The results obtained in the groups depended on the nature of the MMA used. In the group where Remaxol was used as a metabolic component of MMA, there was a change in the dynamics of antistress reactions, characterized by a directed intergroup vector of increased resistance, with a predominance of the development of long-term adaptation processes, allowing to prevent the formation of disorders in the POL/AOS system, to reduce the concentration of acute phase proteins, fermentopathy., Conclusion: The introduction of Remaxol into MMA improves the quality of antinociceptive protection, promotes regression of POL products, and prevents the progression of hepatopathy and EI, contributing to the development of stress-limiting mechanisms of long-term adaptation in patients with ovarian cancer in the intra and near perioperative period.

The comet assay or single cell gel electrophoresis, is the most common method used to measure strand breaks and a variety of other DNA lesions in human populations. To estimate the risk of overall mortality, mortality by cause, and cancer incidence associated to DNA damage, a cohort of 2,403 healthy individuals (25,978 person-years) screened in 16 laboratories using the comet assay between 1996 and 2016 was followed-up. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a worse overall survival in the medium and high tertile of DNA damage (p < 0.001). The effect of DNA damage on survival was modelled according to Cox proportional hazard regression model. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.42 (1.06-1.90) for overall mortality, and 1.94 (1.04-3.59) for diseases of the circulatory system in subjects with the highest tertile of DNA damage. The findings of this study provide epidemiological evidence encouraging the implementation of the comet assay in preventive strategies for non-communicable diseases., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

The alkaline comet assay, or single cell gel electrophoresis, is one of the most popular methods for assessing DNA damage in human population. One of the open issues concerning this assay is the identification of those factors that can explain the large inter-individual and inter-laboratory variation. International collaborative initiatives such as the hCOMET project - a COST Action launched in 2016 - represent a valuable tool to meet this challenge. The aims of hCOMET were to establish reference values for the level of DNA damage in humans, to investigate the effect of host factors, lifestyle and exposure to genotoxic agents, and to compare different sources of assay variability. A database of 19,320 subjects was generated, pooling data from 105 studies run by 44 laboratories in 26 countries between 1999 and 2019. A mixed random effect log-linear model, in parallel with a classic meta-analysis, was applied to take into account the extensive heterogeneity of data, due to descriptor, specimen and protocol variability. As a result of this analysis interquartile intervals of DNA strand breaks (which includes alkali-labile sites) were reported for tail intensity, tail length, and tail moment (comet assay descriptors). A small variation by age was reported in some datasets, suggesting higher DNA damage in oldest age-classes, while no effect could be shown for sex or smoking habit, although the lack of data on heavy smokers has still to be considered. Finally, highly significant differences in DNA damage were found for most exposures investigated in specific studies. In conclusion, these data, which confirm that DNA damage measured by the comet assay is an excellent biomarker of exposure in several conditions, may contribute to improving the quality of study design and to the standardization of results of the comet assay in human populations., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors report no declarations of interest., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The purpose was to study the level of acute kidney injury markers cystatin C, KIM-1, IL-18, NGAL and L-FABR in the blood and urine of patients with the initially identified secreting multiple myeloma (MM) before and during chemotherapeutic treatment. The content of renal markers was examined by ELISA using commercial kits. The study included 23 patients with MM who received 6-8 21-day cycles of chemotherapy (CT) according to the VCD scheme. The results were compared in the main group of 13 patients who had a selective plasma exchange a day before each of the cycles of HT with the use of the Evaclio plasma separator and in a control group of 10 patients treated without extracorporeal detoxification. MM patients before treatment showed an increase in blood IL-18 level of 8.6 times, KIM-1 - 3.1 times, L-FABR - 57.4%, cystatin C - 48.4% and also a decrease in the level of NGAL in 75% of patients by 74.3% compared to the level in healthy, while in the urine initially increased only KIM-1 content by 2.4 times and NGAL by 2.6 times. Conducting multi-course chemotherapy with previous plasma exchange had a more lenient effect on MM patients, as evidenced by a lower KIM-1 level in blood and urine after 1 and 2 courses of HT, as well as IL-18 in blood and urine after 1 course of HT in patients of primary group compared with the control group. For patients with a fatal outcome, a sharp increase in the levels of cystatin C, NGAL and L-FABR is characteristic. The analysis of the dynamics of the studied markers of renal damage indicates the correlation of their level with the clinical features of individual patients, the success and tolerability of chemotherapeutic treatment of MM., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST), the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated in the samples of the tumor, peritumoral zone and healthy tissue, taken at the line of resection, were obtained from 14 patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, and 13 patients with local recurrence appeared in the period from 3 months to 7 years. by conventional spectrophotometric methods. The content of GSH and the activity of SOD, GPx, GR, GST were significantly increased, while MDA was decreased in the tissue of the primary carcinoma of the vulva in compared with the healthy tissue. Differences in the functioning of the investigated system of enzymes in the peritumoral zone were also revealed in the primary and recurrent tumoral process. Similar but much less pronounced changes were also observed in the recurrent tumor. It is suggested that such dynamics of activity of the studied system with the progression of cancer process can be the result of adaptation to changes in the local biochemical status of healthy (nonmalignant) tissue of the organ carrying the tumor and reflect the metabolic features of the recurrent tumor.

The purpose of the study is to carry out a comparative analysis of endogenous intoxication and content of proteins of cute phase in patients with urinary bladder cancer with successful treatment and complicated course of disease. To evaluate level of endogenous intoxication in patients the analysis was applied concerning content of molecules of average mass and functional characteristics of albumin assessed by ratio of efficient and total concentration of albumin. The coefficient of intoxication was calculated reflecting balance between cumulation of toxic ligands in blood plasma and their binding. The analysis was implemented concerning indices of endogenous intoxication in patients with urinary bladder cancer prior to treatment, after complex treatment and in patients with main disease complicated by renal insufficiency and in patients with onco-urology of both localizations when post-operational period was complicated by development of gram-negative sepsis. The results of study of endotoxicosis in case of onco-urological pathology were compared against the level of acute-phase proteins: C-reactive protein and haptoglobin. In case of patients with muscular non-invasive urinary bladder cancer and patients with kidney cancer typically occurred decreasing of efficient concentration of albumin and its binding capacity against the background of increased level of endotoxins. In patients with urinary bladder cancer with chronic renal insufficiency alterations of all indices were expressed in a higher degree. The maximal derangement of capacity of albumin to bind products of endotoxicosis, increasing of level of molecules of average mass and multiple increasing of C-reactive protein were specific in patients with developed sepsis. The obtained data testifies the informativeness of analyzed indices for evaluation of condition of oncourological patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The leading role of syndrome of endogenous intoxication in structure of clinical manifestations of tumor disease conditions actuality of studying components determining its development, in dynamics of malignant process and under anti-tumor therapy. Among all studied groups of oncogynecological patients, the most expressed decreasing of functional activity of albumin binding toxic compounds is observed under ascitic form of ovary cancer. In the group of patients with ovary cancer of stage I-II and also in condition of remission of process in patients with ovary cancer of stage III, the values of total and effective concentration of albumin and its binding capacity, on the contrary, are approaching to donor values. Under cervical carcinoma and vulva cancer the statistically significant decreasing of effective concentration of albumin and its binding capacity was established. However, thisdecreasing is manifested in minor degree than in patients with ascitic form of ovary cancer., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Purpose of the Study: Examine the dynamics of the content of ferritin and other indicators of iron metabolism in the blood of patients with colorectal cancer before surgery and in the postoperative period to 7 days, and compare it with other known non-specific criteria of the acute phase of inflammation. Respond to the question whether changes in iron metabolism parameters in patients with colorectal cancer after surgery are specific., Materials and Methods: The content of ferritin, transferrin, iron and unsaturated iron binding capacity (TIBE) in the blood serurii of patients with coidrecral cancer before surgery and in the postoperative period of 1, 3 and 7 days was determined at the biochemical analyzer Cobas Integra 400. The values of parameters in the group of individuals without cancer pathology (control group) were used for comparison., Results: Before surgery, patients studied parameters were within normal limits. In the postoperative period (7 days) ferritin level was significantly increased by 88%, and transferrin level was reduced by 73% in relation to that of the control group (p <0.05; U-Mann-Whitney). Total iron binding capacity was significantly reduced by 250%., Conclusions: Opposite changes of ferritin and transferrin, known as the acute-phase proteins, show predominance in the first week after surgery nonspecific reaction of patients to surgical stress. These metalioproteins are considered as one of the markers of the stress. We compared revealed changes in the studied parameters of iron system with the experimental data on the changes in the membrane potential of red blood cells and lymphocytes, and came to the conclusion that the identified synchronicity indicates their potential conditionality.

The effects of copper nanoparticles on the structure and function of the immune system organs (thymus and spleen) and intensity of free radical processes in the spleens of rats with sarcoma 45 were studied. A relationship between morphological and biochemical changes and antitumor efficiency of copper nanoparticles was demonstrated.

Cold stress and cold adaptation were studied for their effect on the activity and substrate specificity of the monoamine oxidase A and B and on the Km of serotonin deamination in the rat brain mitochondria and supernatant. Mitochondrial monoamine oxidase Km with serotonin is established to increase more than twice under cold stress and decrease considerably in cold adapted rats. The lowering of the mitochondrial monoamine oxidase A activity is accompanied by the appearance of serotonin and the glucosamine deaminating activity in supernatant. The data suggest that decrease in the monoamine oxidase activity under cold stress may be caused by both release of the enzyme from mitochondrial membrane and changes in its catalytic property alteration.