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Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is a global public health concern due to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Characterization of S Typhi genomes for AMR and the evolution of different lineages, especially in countries where typhoid fever is endemic such as Bangladesh, will help public health professionals to better design and implement appropriate preventive measures. We studied whole-genome sequences (WGS) of 536 S Typhi isolates collected in Bangladesh during 1999 to 2013 and compared those sequences with data from a recent outbreak in Pakistan reported previously by E. J. Klemm, S. Shakoor, A. J. Page, F. N. Qamar, et al. (mBio 9:e00105-18, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00105-18), and a laboratory surveillance in Nepal reported previously by C. D. Britto, Z. A. Dyson, S. Duchene, M. J. Carter, et al. [PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 12(4):e0006408, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006408]. WGS had high sensitivity and specificity for prediction of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, and ceftriaxone AMR phenotypes but needs further impro

Background: In community nursing practice, diagnoses allow the identification of areas of intervention in promotion and prevention. Detection of physical inactivity is basic. Criterion construct validity of the nursing diagnosis label "Sedentary Lifestyle" of the NANDA-I taxonomy has not been studied. The aim of the study is to identify the construct and criterion validity of this nursing diagnosis label. Methods: A cross-sectional study in a nursing consultation in primary health care was conducted. Participants were all people that was attended for one year over 50 who voluntarily wish to participate (n = 85) in the study. Objective weekly physical activity was measured in METs with an Accelerometer, objective measure of performance was measured by gait speed EPESE Battery (both measures that were used as the gold standard), and physical activity questionnaires (RAPA-e), the COOP-WONCA physical fitness chart. Spearman correlation coefficients, mean comparison tests and analysis of sensitivity and specificity were used as statistical analysis. Results: The diagnosis "Sedentary Lifestyle" showed a positive correlation between its manifestations and physical activity measured in METs (r=0.39; p <0.001) and EPESE gait speed (r=0.35; p = 0.001). The diagnosis showed a sensitivity of 85.1% and a specificity of 65.2% and showed ability to discriminate active people from those that are not using METs as a measure of phisycal activty (t = -4.4; p <0.001). Conclusions: The diagnosis "Sedentary Lifestyle" shows criterion and construct validity. Adults., RESUMEN Fundamentos: En la práctica profesional de la enfermería comunitaria los diagnósticos permiten la identificación de áreas de intervención de promoción y prevención. De entre ellas la detección de la inactividad física es fundamental. El Estilo de Vida Sedentario (EVD) es una etiqueta diagnóstica enfermera de la taxonomía NANDA-I de la que no se ha estudiado la validez de criterio y de constructo. El objetivo del estudio es identificar la validez de criterio y constructo de esta etiqueta diagnóstica de enfermería. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en una consulta de enfermería de atención primaria. Participaron todas las personas mayores de 50 años atendidas durante un año que voluntariamente desearon participar (n=85). Se midió la actividad física objetiva en METs semanales mediante acelerómetro, medida objetiva de desempeño mediante test de velocidad de marcha de la batería EPESE (ambas medidas que se utilizaron como criterio), y cuestionarios de actividad física (RAPA-e), desempeño (COOP-WONCA). Como análisis estadístico se utilizaron coeficientes de correlación de Spearman, pruebas de comparación de medias y análisis de sensibilidad y especificidad. Resultados: El diagnóstico EVD mostró una correlación positiva en sus manifestaciones con la medida de actividad física en METs (r=0,39; p<0,001)y con la velocidad de marcha EPESE (r=0,35; p=0,001). El diagnóstico mostró una sensibilidad del 85,1% y una especificidad del 65,2% y mostró capacidad para distinguir las personas activas de las que no lo son según la actividad física medida en METs (t= -4,4; p<0,001). Conclusiones: El diagnóstico EVD muestra validez de criterio y de constructo.

The control of phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] level depends on the activities of both PI kinase and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 phosphatases: 5-phosphatase like SHIP1 and SHIP2, and 3-phosphatase like PTEN. The ubiquitous SH2 domain containing inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP2 contains both a series of protein interacting domains and the ability to dephosphorylate PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Previous reports obtained in SHIP2 deficient mice have shown that SHIP2 is involved in the control of insulin sensitivity and reducing weight gain on fatty diet. Since SHIP2 is a lipid phosphatase as well as a docking protein, the initial aim that emerged in the lab was to measure the inositol lipid levels in SHIP2 +/+ and deficient cells and compare the levels of 3-phosphoinositides PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2. At first, we developed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) as a cellular model. Amongst various stimuli tested, surprisingly, only serum showed an obvious difference in terms of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 level. This lipid was significantly up regulated in SHIP2 -/- cells but only after short-term (i.e. 5-10 min) incubation with serum. The difference in PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 levels in heterozygous fibroblast cells was intermediate between the +/+ and -/- cells. Serum stimulated PI3K activity appeared to be comparable between +/+ and -/- cells. Moreover, PKB, but not MAP kinase activity, was also potentiated in SHIP2 deficient cells stimulated by serum. The up regulation of PKB activity in serum stimulated cells was totally reversed in the presence of the PI3K inhibitor LY-294002, in both +/+ and -/- cells.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as physiological mediators of many cellular responses. H2O2 mimics some effects of insulin in a number of cell culture systems. It also inactivates tyrosine phosphatase activities including PTEN. In addition, in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, Gray et al reported that exposure of the cells to H2O2 resulted a huge increase in PtdIns(3,4, Doctorat en sciences biomédicales, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Campylobacter lari is a phenotypically and genotypically diverse species that comprises the classical nalidixic acid-resistant thermophilic campylobacters (NARTC) and the biochemical C lari variants, including the urease-positive campylobacters (UPTC), the nalidixic acid-susceptible campylobacters (NASC), and the urease-producing nalidixic acid-susceptible campylobacters. To study the taxonomic and epidemiological relationships among strains of the C. lari variants, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) profiling and whole-cell protein profile analysis were performed with 55 C. lari strains. Great genetic heterogeneity in AFLP and protein profiles was observed. Numerical analysis of AFLP profiles and of partial protein profiles allowed discrimination of four distinct genogroups. AFLP cluster I included nearly homogeneous patterns for C. lari NARTC strains (genogroup I). UPTC strains together with non-urease-producing NASC strains produced highly diverse patterns and were placed in genogroup II. The genogroup III strains had the NASC phenotype and produced more homogeneous patterns. Finally, genogroup IV strains had the classical NARTC phenotype and produced AFLP patterns that were very distinct from those of other genogroups. One UPTC strain had aberrant patterns and clustered separately, which may indicate that there is an additional genogroup. Preliminary DNA-DNA hybridization experiments suggested that genogroups I and III represent a single genomic species and that genogroup IV represents a distinct species. The detection of moderate levels of DNA-DNA hybridization between a genogroup II reference strain and genogroup I and III reference strains highlights the need for further DNA-DNA hybridization experiments to clarify the taxonomic status of the former group. No correlation of genogroups with different sources of strains was identified. These data show that UPTC strains are genetically diverse and distinct from NARTC strains. In addition, they indicat

Strains isolated independently from two patients could be recognized as Ralstonia pickettii biovar 3/' thomasii'. The 16S rDNA sequences of these strains and two other strains of R, pickettii biovar 3/' thomasii' clustered at less than 98% similarity versus all other described Ralstonia species and at less than 97% versus the two other R, pickettii biovars. The separate species status of R. pickettii biovar 3/' thomasii' was confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization, indicating less than 60% DNA homology with the R, pickettii biovars Va-1 and Indicating less than 60% DNA homology with the R, pickettii biovars Va-1 Va-2 and with two as-yet unclassified but biochemically similar Ralstonia strains. Phenotypically, this Ralstonia species can be distinguished from all described Ralstonia species by its acidification of D-arabitol and mannitol and by its lack of nitrate reduction and of alkalinization of tartrate and from two as-yet unclassified Ralstonia strains only by its lack of nitrate reduction. The name Ralstonia mannitolytica sp, nov. is proposed, reflecting the characteristic acidification of mannitol, Resistance to desferrioxamine is another difference from R, pickettii and Ralstonia solanacearum. Although several nosocomial outbreaks have been associated with R, mannitolytica, life-threatening infections have not yet been reported, possibly due to misidentification as Pseudomonas fluorescens or Burkholderia cepacia, In at least one of the two cases reported here, the R, mannitolytica isolate was found to be clinically relevant, causing recurrent nosocomial meningitis, with an infected implanted catheter as the source. The type strain of R, mannitolytica is NCIMB 10805(T) (= LMG 6866T), which was isolated during the first described outbreak as 'Pseudomonas thomasii' at St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, in 1971.

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