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1. Predictive equation derived from 6,497 doubly labelled water measurements enables the detection of erroneous self-reported energy intake

Author

Bajunaid, Rania, Niu, Chaoqun, Hambly, Catherine, Liu, Zongfang, Yamada, Yosuke, Aleman-Mateo, Heliodoro, Anderson, Liam J., Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bandini, Linda, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E., Bouten, Carlijn V. C., Brage, Soren, Buchowski, Maciej S., Butte, Nancy F., Camps, Stefan G. J. A., Casper, Regina, Close, Graeme L., Cooper, Jamie A., Cooper, Richard, Das, Sai Krupa, Davies, Peter S. W., Dabare, Prasangi, Dugas, Lara R., Eaton, Simon, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W., Gillingham, Melanie, Goris, Annelies H., Gurven, Michael, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Haisma, Hinke H., Hoffman, Daniel, Hoos, Marije B., Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M., Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E., Kriengsinyos, Wantanee, Kuriyan, Rebecca, Kushner, Robert F., Lambert, Estelle V., Lanerolle, Pulani, Larsson, Christel L., Leonard, William R., Lessan, Nader, Löf, Marie, Martin, Corby K., Matsiko, Eric, Medin, Anine C., Morehen, James C., Morton, James P., Must, Aviva, Neuhouser, Marian L., Nicklas, Theresa A., Nyström, Christine D., Ojiambo, Robert M., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Pitsiladis, Yannis P., Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L., Racette, Susan B., Raichlen, David A., Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne M., Reilly, John J., Reynolds, Rebecca, Roberts, Susan B., Samaranayakem, Dulani, Sardinha, Luis B., Silva, Analiza M., Sjödin, Anders M., Stamatiou, Marina, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S., Van Etten, Ludo M., van Mil, Edgar G. A. H., Wilson, George, Yanovski, Jack A., Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J., Sinha, Srishti, Loechl, Cornelia U., Luke, Amy H., Pontzer, Herman, Rood, Jennifer, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Schoeller, Dale A., Westerterp, Klaas R., Wong, William W., and Speakman, John R.

Published
2025
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2. Decline in Isotope Dilution Space Ratio Above Age 60 Could Affect Energy Estimates Using the Doubly Labeled Water Method

Author

Wong, William W, Speakman, John R, Ainslie, Philip N, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Leonore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan G, Casper, Regina, Close, Graeme L, Colbert, Lisa H, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai K, Davies, Peter SW, Eaton, Simon, Ekelund, Ulf, Hambly, Catherine, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Entringer, Sonja, Fudge, Barry W, Gillingham, Melanie, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Micheal, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joosen, Annemiek, Katzmarzyk, Peter T, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Larsson, Christel L, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietilainen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto, Racette, Susan B, Raichen, David A, Redman, Leanne, Ravussin, Eric, Reilly, John J, Roberts, Susan, Scuitt, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Verbunt, Jeanine A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Pontzer, Herman, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Rood, Jennifer C, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, and Yamada, Yosuke

Published
2024
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3. Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors

Author

Yamada, Yosuke, Zhang, Xueying, Henderson, Mary ET, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Pontzer, Herman, Watanabe, Daiki, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Kimura, Misaka, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan G, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Cooper, Richard, Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R, Eaton, Simon, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Halsey, Lewis G, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kraus, William E, Kriengsinyos, Wantanee, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne M, Reilly, John J, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sardinha, Luis B, Silva, Analiza M, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack A, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Miyachi, Motohiko, Schoeller, Dale A, Speakman, John R, and Consortium§, International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water Database

Subjects
Prevention, Clean Water and Sanitation, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Exercise, Humidity, Life Style, Social Class, Water, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Child, Preschool, Child, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Drinking, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Doubly Labeled Water (DLW) Database Consortium§, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries using isotope-tracking (2H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT, as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived in countries with a low human development index (HDI) had higher WT than people in high-HDI countries. On the basis of this extensive dataset, we provide equations to predict human WT in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors.

Published
2022

4. Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females

Author

Halsey, Lewis G, Careau, Vincent, Pontzer, Herman, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Yamada, Yosuke, and Speakman, John R

Subjects
Obesity, Behavioral and Social Science, Affordable and Clean Energy, Adult, Aged, Aging, Animals, Body Composition, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Mammals, Reproduction, Sex Characteristics, DLW, Energetics, Activity, Trait variability, Biological sex, Evolutionary Biology, Anthropology, Archaeology
Abstract

In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females. However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical, physiological, and behavioral traits. Energy expenditure could exhibit particularly high greater male variation through a cumulative effect if those traits mostly exhibit greater male variation, or a lack of greater male variation if many of them do not. Sex differences in energy expenditure variation have been little explored. We analyzed a large database on energy expenditure in adult humans (1494 males and 3108 females) to investigate whether humans have evolved sex differences in the degree of interindividual variation in energy expenditure. We found that, even when statistically comparing males and females of the same age, height, and body composition, there is much more variation in total, activity, and basal energy expenditure among males. However, with aging, variation in total energy expenditure decreases, and because this happens more rapidly in males, the magnitude of greater male variation, though still large, is attenuated in older age groups. Considerably greater male variation in both total and activity energy expenditure could be explained by greater male variation in levels of daily activity. The considerably greater male variation in basal energy expenditure is remarkable and may be explained, at least in part, by greater male variation in the size of energy-demanding organs. If energy expenditure is a trait that is of indirect interest to females when choosing a sexual partner, this would suggest that energy expenditure is under sexual selection. However, we present a novel energetics model demonstrating that it is also possible that females have been under stabilizing selection pressure for an intermediate basal energy expenditure to maximize energy available for reproduction.

Published
2022

5. Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature

Author

Zhang, Xueying, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N, Blaak, Ellen E, Buchowski, Maciej S, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R, Gurven, Michael, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Leonard, William R, Martin, Corby K, Meijer, Erwin P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Racette, Susan B, Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne M, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Sardinha, Luis B, Silva, Analiza M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wood, Brian M, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Pontzer, Herman, Speakman, John R, consortium, the IAEA DLW database, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Addo, Bedu, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Branth, Stefan, De Bruin, Niels C, Butte, Nancy F, Colbert, Lisa H, Camps, Stephan G, Dutman, Alice E, Eaton, Simon D, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Ebbeling, Cara, Elmståhl, Sölve, Fogelholm, Mikael, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Harris, Tamara, Heijligenberg, Rik, Goris, Annelies H, Hambly, Catherine, Hoos, Marije B, Jorgensen, Hans U, Joosen, Annemiek M, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kriengsinyos, Watanee, Lambert, Estelle V, Larsson, Christel L, Lessan, Nader, Ludwig, David S, McCloskey, Margaret, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Gerwin A, Matsiko, Eric, Melse-Boonstra, Alida, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Nicklas, Theresa A, Pannemans, Daphne L, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Philippaerts, Renaat M, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Reilly, John J, Rothenberg, Elisabet M, Schuit, Albertine J, Schulz, Sabine, and Sjödin, Anders M

Subjects
Nutrition, IAEA DLW database consortium, Human Physiology, Human activity in medical context, Human metabolism
Abstract

Lower ambient temperature (Ta) requires greater energy expenditure to sustain body temperature. However, effects of Ta on human energetics may be buffered by environmental modification and behavioral compensation. We used the IAEA DLW database for adults in the USA (n = 3213) to determine the effect of Ta (-10 to +30°C) on TEE, basal (BEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity level (PAL). There were no significant relationships (p > 0.05) between maximum, minimum and average Ta and TEE, BEE, AEE and PAL. After adjustment for fat-free mass, fat mass and age, statistically significant (p

Published
2022

6. Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition

Author

Rimbach, Rebecca, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N, Anderson, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Speakman, John R, and Pontzer, Herman

Subjects
Nutrition, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Obesity, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Metabolic and endocrine, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Bayes Theorem, Body Composition, Child, Databases, Factual, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Isotope Labeling, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Water, Weight Gain, IAEA DLW Database Consortium
Abstract

Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20-60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.

Published
2022

7. Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life

Author

Westerterp, Klaas R, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai K, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Pontzer, Herman, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Wong, William W, Speakman, John R, Branth, Stefan, Colbert, Lisa H, De Bruin, Niels C, Dutman, Alice E, Elmståhl, Sölve, Fogelholm, Mikael, Harris, Tamara, Heijligenberg, Rik, Jorgensen, Hans U, Larsson, Christel L, Rothenberg, Elisabet M, McCloskey, Margaret, Meijer, Gerwin A, Pannemans, Daphne L, Schulz, Sabine, Van den Berg-Emons, Rita, Van Gemert, Wim G, and Wilhelmine, W

Subjects
Prevention, Aging, Clinical Research, Nutrition, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Energy Metabolism, Exercise, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, physical activity level, age, energy expenditure, body composition, doubly labeled water, International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database group, Engineering, Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition & Dietetics
Abstract

BackgroundPhysical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.ObjectivesA study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution.ResultsPAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males

Published
2021

8. Energy compensation and adiposity in humans

Author

Careau, Vincent, Halsey, Lewis G, Pontzer, Herman, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Eaton, Simon D, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reilly, John J, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Schoeller, Dale A, Wong, William W, Yamada, Yosuke, Speakman, John R, and group, the IAEA DLW database

Subjects
Nutrition, Obesity, Clinical Research, Oral and gastrointestinal, Stroke, Metabolic and endocrine, Cancer, Cardiovascular, Affordable and Clean Energy, Adiposity, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Humans, IAEA DLW database group, Homo sapiens, activity, basal metabolic rate, daily energy expenditure, energy compensation, energy management models, exercise, trade-offs, weight loss, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Understanding the impacts of activity on energy balance is crucial. Increasing levels of activity may bring diminishing returns in energy expenditure because of compensatory responses in non-activity energy expenditures.1-3 This suggestion has profound implications for both the evolution of metabolism and human health. It implies that a long-term increase in activity does not directly translate into an increase in total energy expenditure (TEE) because other components of TEE may decrease in response-energy compensation. We used the largest dataset compiled on adult TEE and basal energy expenditure (BEE) (n = 1,754) of people living normal lives to find that energy compensation by a typical human averages 28% due to reduced BEE; this suggests that only 72% of the extra calories we burn from additional activity translates into extra calories burned that day. Moreover, the degree of energy compensation varied considerably between people of different body compositions. This association between compensation and adiposity could be due to among-individual differences in compensation: people who compensate more may be more likely to accumulate body fat. Alternatively, the process might occur within individuals: as we get fatter, our body might compensate more strongly for the calories burned during activity, making losing fat progressively more difficult. Determining the causality of the relationship between energy compensation and adiposity will be key to improving public health strategies regarding obesity.

Published
2021

9. Daily energy expenditure through the human life course

Author

Pontzer, Herman, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan G, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Cooper, Richard, Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marjije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Teresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia, Luke, Amy H, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, Speakman, John R, and Consortium§, IAEA DLW Database

Subjects
Aging, Nutrition, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Energy Metabolism, Exercise, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Young Adult, IAEA DLW Database Consortium, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Total daily energy expenditure ("total expenditure") reflects daily energy needs and is a critical variable in human health and physiology, but its trajectory over the life course is poorly studied. We analyzed a large, diverse database of total expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method for males and females aged 8 days to 95 years. Total expenditure increased with fat-free mass in a power-law manner, with four distinct life stages. Fat-free mass-adjusted expenditure accelerates rapidly in neonates to ~50% above adult values at ~1 year; declines slowly to adult levels by ~20 years; remains stable in adulthood (20 to 60 years), even during pregnancy; then declines in older adults. These changes shed light on human development and aging and should help shape nutrition and health strategies across the life span.

Published
2021

10. Total daily energy expenditure has declined over the past three decades due to declining basal expenditure, not reduced activity expenditure

Author

Speakman, John R., de Jong, Jasper M. A., Sinha, Srishti, Westerterp, Klaas R., Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N., Anderson, Liam J., Arab, Lenore, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G., Bovet, Pascal, Brage, Soren, Buchowski, Maciej S., Butte, Nancy F., Camps, Stefan G.J.A., Cooper, Jamie A., Cooper, Richard, Das, Sai Krupa, Davies, Peter S. W., Dugas, Lara R., Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W., Gillingham, Melanie, Ghosh, Santu, Goris, Annelies H., Gurven, Michael, Halsey, Lewis G., Hambly, Catherine, Haisma, Hinke H., Hoffman, Daniel, Hu, Sumei, Joosen, Annemiek M., Kaplan, Jennifer L., Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kraus, William E., Kushner, Robert F., Leonard, William R., Löf, Marie, Martin, Corby K., Matsiko, Eric, Medin, Anine C., Meijer, Erwin P., Neuhouser, Marian L., Nicklas, Theresa A., Ojiambo, Robert M., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L., Racette, Susan B., Raichlen, David A., Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne M., Roberts, Susan B., Rudolph, Michael C., Sardinha, Luis B., Schuit, Albertine J., Silva, Analiza M., Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S., Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M., Van Mil, Edgar A., Wood, Brian M., Yanovski, Jack A., Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J., Loechl, Cornelia U., Kurpad, Anura, Luke, Amy H., Pontzer, Herman, Rodeheffer, Matthew S., Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A., and Wong, William W.

Published
2023
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11. A standard calculation methodology for human doubly labeled water studies.

Author

Speakman, John R, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Berman, Elena SF, Ainslie, Philip N, Andersen, Lene F, Anderson, Liam J, Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E, Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G, Bouten, Carlijn VC, Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S, Butte, Nancy F, Camps, Stefan GJA, Close, Graeme L, Cooper, Jamie A, Creasy, Seth A, Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R, Ebbeling, Cara B, Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W, Goris, Annelies H, Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Hoos, Marije B, Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P, Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E, Kushner, Robert F, Lambert, Estelle V, Leonard, William R, Lessan, Nader, Ludwig, David S, Martin, Corby K, Medin, Anine C, Meijer, Erwin P, Morehen, James C, Morton, James P, Neuhouser, Marian L, Nicklas, Theresa A, Ojiambo, Robert M, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Pitsiladis, Yannis P, Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L, Rabinovich, Roberto A, Racette, Susan B, Raichlen, David A, Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M, Roberts, Susan B, Schuit, Albertine J, Sjödin, Anders M, Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S, Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M, Van Mil, Edgar A, Wells, Jonathan CK, Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M, Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J, Loechl, Cornelia U, Melanson, Edward L, Luke, Amy H, Pontzer, Herman, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A, Westerterp, Klaas R, Wong, William W, and IAEA DLW database group

Subjects
IAEA DLW database group, doubly labeled water, free-living, total energy expenditure, validation
Abstract

The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living subjects. Several equations are used to convert isotopic data into TEE. Using the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) DLW database (5,756 measurements of adults and children), we show considerable variability is introduced by different equations. The estimated rCO2 is sensitive to the dilution space ratio (DSR) of the two isotopes. Based on performance in validation studies, we propose a new equation based on a new estimate of the mean DSR. The DSR is lower at low body masses (

Published
2021

12. Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females

Author

Halsey, Lewis G., Careau, Vincent, Pontzer, Herman, Ainslie, Philip N., Andersen, Lene F., Anderson, Liam J., Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issad, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E., Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G., Bouten, Carlijn V.C., Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S., Butte, Nancy F., Camps, Stefan G.J.A., Close, Graeme L., Cooper, Jamie A., Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R., Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W., Goris, Annelies H., Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Hoos, Marije B., Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M., Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P., Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E., Kushner, Robert F., Lambert, Estelle V., Leonard, William R., Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K., Medin, Anine C., Meijer, Erwin P., Morehen, James C., Morton, James P., Neuhouser, Marian L., Nicklas, Theresa A., Ojiambo, Robert M., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Pitsiladis, Yannis P., Plange-Rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L., Rabinovich, Roberto A., Racette, Susan B., Raichlen, David A., Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M., Roberts, Susan B., Schuit, Albertine J., Sjödin, Anders M., Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S., Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M., Van Mil, Edgar A., Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M., Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-Alford, Alexia J., Loechl, Cornelia U., Luke, Amy H., Rood, Jennifer, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Schoeller, Dale A., Westerterp, Klaas R., Wong, William W., Yamada, Yosuke, and Speakman, John R.

Published
2022
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13. Greater male variability in daily energy expenditure develops through puberty

Author

Halsey, Lewis G., Careau, Vincent, Ainslie, Philip N., Alemán-Mateo, Heliodoro, Andersen, Lene F., Anderson, Liam J., Arab, Leonore, Baddou, Issad, Bandini, Linda, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E., Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G., Bouten, Carlijn V.C., Bovet, Pascal, Brage, Soren, Buchowski, Maciej S., Butte, Nancy, Camps, Stephan G., Casper, Regian, Close, Graeme L., Colbert, Lisa H., Cooper, Jamie A., Cooper, Richard, Dabare, Prasangi, Das, Sai Krupa, Davies, Peter S.W., Deb, Sanjoy, Nyström, Christine Delisle, Dietz, William, Dugas, Lara R., Eaton, Simon, Ekelund, Ulf, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W., Gillingham, Melanie, Goris, Annelies H., Gurven, Michael, Haisma, Hinke, Hambly, Catherine, Hoffman, Daniel, Hoos, Marije B., Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Matsiko, Eric, Meijer, Gerwin A., Halsey, Lewis G., Careau, Vincent, Ainslie, Philip N., Alemán-Mateo, Heliodoro, Andersen, Lene F., Anderson, Liam J., Arab, Leonore, Baddou, Issad, Bandini, Linda, Bedu-Addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E., Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G., Bouten, Carlijn V.C., Bovet, Pascal, Brage, Soren, Buchowski, Maciej S., Butte, Nancy, Camps, Stephan G., Casper, Regian, Close, Graeme L., Colbert, Lisa H., Cooper, Jamie A., Cooper, Richard, Dabare, Prasangi, Das, Sai Krupa, Davies, Peter S.W., Deb, Sanjoy, Nyström, Christine Delisle, Dietz, William, Dugas, Lara R., Eaton, Simon, Ekelund, Ulf, Hamdouchi, Asmaa El, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W., Gillingham, Melanie, Goris, Annelies H., Gurven, Michael, Haisma, Hinke, Hambly, Catherine, Hoffman, Daniel, Hoos, Marije B., Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Matsiko, Eric, and Meijer, Gerwin A.

Abstract

There is considerably greater variation in metabolic rates between men than between women, in terms of basal, activity and total (daily) energy expenditure (EE). One possible explanation is that EE is associated with male sexual characteristics (which are known to vary more than other traits) such as musculature and athletic capacity. Such traits might be predicted to be most prominent during periods of adolescence and young adulthood, when sexual behaviour develops and peaks. We tested this hypothesis on a large dataset by comparing the amount of male variation and female variation in total EE, activity EE and basal EE, at different life stages, along with several morphological traits: height, fat free mass and fat mass. Total EE, and to some degree also activity EE, exhibit considerable greater male variation (GMV) in young adults, and then a decreasing GMV in progressively older individuals. Arguably, basal EE, and also morphometrics, do not exhibit this pattern. These findings suggest that single male sexual characteristics may not exhibit peak GMV in young adulthood, however total and perhaps also activity EE, associated with many morphological and physiological traits combined, do exhibit GMV most prominently during the reproductive life stages.

Published
2023

14. Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition

Author

IAEA DLW Database Consortium, Rimbach, Rebecca, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N., Anderson, Lene F., Anderson, Liam J., Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E., Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G., Bouten, Carlijn V. C., Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S., Butte, Nancy F., Camps, Stefan G. J. A., Close, Graeme L., Cooper, Jamie A., Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R., Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W., Goris, Annelies H., Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Hoos, Marije B., Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M., Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P., Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E., Kushner, Robert F., Lambert, Estelle V., Leonard, William R., Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K., Medin, Anine C., Meijer, Erwin P., Morehen, James C., Morton, James P., Neuhouser, Marian L., Nicklas, Theresa A., Ojiambo, Robert M., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Schuit, Jantine, IAEA DLW Database Consortium, Rimbach, Rebecca, Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Ainslie, Philip N., Anderson, Lene F., Anderson, Liam J., Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E., Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G., Bouten, Carlijn V. C., Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S., Butte, Nancy F., Camps, Stefan G. J. A., Close, Graeme L., Cooper, Jamie A., Das, Sai Krupa, Dugas, Lara R., Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W., Goris, Annelies H., Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Hoos, Marije B., Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M., Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P., Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E., Kushner, Robert F., Lambert, Estelle V., Leonard, William R., Lessan, Nader, Martin, Corby K., Medin, Anine C., Meijer, Erwin P., Morehen, James C., Morton, James P., Neuhouser, Marian L., Nicklas, Theresa A., Ojiambo, Robert M., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., and Schuit, Jantine

Abstract

Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20–60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.

Published
2022

16. A standard calculation methodology for human doubly labeled water studies

Author

Speakman, John R., Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Berman, Elena S.f., Ainslie, Philip N., Andersen, Lene F., Anderson, Liam J., Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E., Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G., Bouten, Carlijn V.c., Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S., Butte, Nancy F., Camps, Stefan G.j.a., Close, Graeme L., Cooper, Jamie A., Creasy, Seth A., Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R., Ebbeling, Cara B., Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W., Goris, Annelies H., Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Hoos, Marije B., Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M., Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P., Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E., Kushner, Robert F., Lambert, Estelle V., Leonard, William R., Lessan, Nader, Ludwig, David S., Martin, Corby K., Medin, Anine C., Meijer, Erwin P., Morehen, James C., Morton, James P., Neuhouser, Marian L., Nicklas, Theresa A., Ojiambo, Robert M., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Pitsiladis, Yannis P., Plange-rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L., Rabinovich, Roberto A., Racette, Susan B., Raichlen, David A., Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M., Roberts, Susan B., Schuit, Albertine J., Sjödin, Anders M., Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S., Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M., Van Mil, Edgar A., Wells, Jonathan C.k., Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M., Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-alford, Alexia J., Loechl, Cornelia U., Melanson, Edward L., Luke, Amy H., Pontzer, Herman, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A., Westerterp, Klaas R., Wong, William W., Speakman, John R., Yamada, Yosuke, Sagayama, Hiroyuki, Berman, Elena S.f., Ainslie, Philip N., Andersen, Lene F., Anderson, Liam J., Arab, Lenore, Baddou, Issaad, Bedu-addo, Kweku, Blaak, Ellen E., Blanc, Stephane, Bonomi, Alberto G., Bouten, Carlijn V.c., Bovet, Pascal, Buchowski, Maciej S., Butte, Nancy F., Camps, Stefan G.j.a., Close, Graeme L., Cooper, Jamie A., Creasy, Seth A., Das, Sai Krupa, Cooper, Richard, Dugas, Lara R., Ebbeling, Cara B., Ekelund, Ulf, Entringer, Sonja, Forrester, Terrence, Fudge, Barry W., Goris, Annelies H., Gurven, Michael, Hambly, Catherine, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Hoos, Marije B., Hu, Sumei, Joonas, Noorjehan, Joosen, Annemiek M., Katzmarzyk, Peter, Kempen, Kitty P., Kimura, Misaka, Kraus, William E., Kushner, Robert F., Lambert, Estelle V., Leonard, William R., Lessan, Nader, Ludwig, David S., Martin, Corby K., Medin, Anine C., Meijer, Erwin P., Morehen, James C., Morton, James P., Neuhouser, Marian L., Nicklas, Theresa A., Ojiambo, Robert M., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Pitsiladis, Yannis P., Plange-rhule, Jacob, Plasqui, Guy, Prentice, Ross L., Rabinovich, Roberto A., Racette, Susan B., Raichlen, David A., Ravussin, Eric, Reynolds, Rebecca M., Roberts, Susan B., Schuit, Albertine J., Sjödin, Anders M., Stice, Eric, Urlacher, Samuel S., Valenti, Giulio, Van Etten, Ludo M., Van Mil, Edgar A., Wells, Jonathan C.k., Wilson, George, Wood, Brian M., Yanovski, Jack, Yoshida, Tsukasa, Zhang, Xueying, Murphy-alford, Alexia J., Loechl, Cornelia U., Melanson, Edward L., Luke, Amy H., Pontzer, Herman, Rood, Jennifer, Schoeller, Dale A., Westerterp, Klaas R., and Wong, William W.

Abstract

The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living subjects. Several equations are used to convert isotopic data into TEE. Using the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) DLW database (5,756 measurements of adults and children), we show considerable variability is introduced by different equations. The estimated rCO2 is sensitive to the dilution space ratio (DSR) of the two isotopes. Based on performance in validation studies, we propose a new equation based on a new estimate of the mean DSR. The DSR is lower at low body masses (<10 kg). Using data for 1,021 babies and infants, we show that the DSR varies non-linearly with body mass between 0 and 10 kg. Using this relationship to predict DSR from weight provides an equation for rCO2 over this size range that agrees well with indirect calorimetry (average difference 0.64%; SD = 12.2%). We propose adoption of these equations in future studies.

Published
2021

22. Validation of the TracmorD triaxial accelerometer to assess physical activity in preschool children

Author

Sijtsma, Anna, Schierbeek, Henk, Goris, Annelies H. C., Joosten, Koen F. M., van Kessel, Imke, Corpeleijn, Eva, Sauer, Pieter J. J., Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (ROAHD), Lifestyle Medicine (LM), Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, and Paediatrics

Subjects
LIVING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE, DOUBLY-LABELED WATER, YOUNG-CHILDREN, OVERWEIGHT, OBESITY, DILUTION, CHILDHOOD
Abstract

Objectives: To assess validity evidence of Tracmor(D) to determine energy used for physical activity in 3-4-year-old children. Design and Methods: Participants were randomly selected from GECKO Drenthe cohort (n = 30, age 3.4 +/- 0.3 years). Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured using the doubly labeled water method. Sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry (Deltatrac). TEE and SMR were used to calculate physical activity level (PAL) and activity energy expenditure (AEE). Physical activity was monitored using a DirectLife triaxial accelerometer, Tracmor(D) with activity counts per minute (ACM) and activity counts per day (ACD) as outcome measures. Results: The best predictor for PAL was ACM with gender and weight, the best predictor for AEE was ACM alone (backward regression, R-2 = 0.50, P = 0.010 and R-2 = 0.31, P = 0.011, respectively). With ACD, the prediction model for PAL included ACD, height, gender, and sleep duration (R-2 = 0.48, P = 0.033), the prediction model for AEE included ACD, gender and sleep duration (R-2 = 0.39, P = 0.042). The accelerometer was worn for 5 days, but 3 days did not give a different estimated PAL. Conclusion: Tracmor(D) provides moderate-to-strong validity evidence that supports its use to evaluate energy used for physical activity in 3-4-year-old children.

Published
2013

26. Detection of Type, Duration, and Intensity of Physical Activity Using an Accelerometer.

Author

Bonomi, Alberto G., Goris, Annelies H. C., Bin Yin, and Westerterp, Klaas R.

Subjects
*RESEARCH, *PHYSICAL fitness, *REGRESSION analysis, *ACCELEROMETERS, *SPEED-indicators, *SPEEDOMETERS, *ACCELERATION (Mechanics), *DECISION trees, *MATHEMATICAL statistics
Abstract

The article presents the study aimed in developing models for the detection of type, duration and intensity of human physical activity using triaxial accelerometer. The study reveals that models based on acceleration features can enhance the effectiveness of triaxial accelerometer in detecting the type, duration and intensity of physical activity. It notes that future studies are needed to validate the effectiveness of the models that are based on acceleration features in free-living conditions.

Published
2009
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27. Antioxidant supplementation and exercise-induced oxidative stress in the 60-year-old as measured by antipyrine hydroxylates.

Author

Meijor, Erwin P., Goris, Annelies H. C., Senden, Joan, van Dongen, Joost L. J., Bast, Aalt, and Westerterp, Klass R.

Abstract

The effects of 12 weeks of antioxidant supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress were investigated in older adults (60 (SE 1) YEARS; BMI 26 (se 1) kg/m2). Subjects were randomly divided in two groups: supplementation (n 11) with 100 mg dl-??-tocopheryl acetate, 200 mg ascorbic acid, and 2 mg ??-carotene, and placebo (n 9). Before and after the 12 week supplementation period, subjects cycled for 45 min at submaximal intensity (50 % maximal workload capacity). Antipyrine was used as marker for oxidative stress. Antipyrine reacts quickly with hydroxyl radicals to form para- and ortho-hydroxyantipyrine. The latter metabolite is not formed in man through the mono-oxygenase pathway of cytochrome P450. Daily supplementation significantly increased plasma concentrations of ??-tocopherol and ??-carotene in the supplemented group (?? 14??4 (se 3??2) and 0??4 (se 0??1) ??mol/l; P<0??001 and P<0??01). No significant differences, within and between groups, were observed in the exercise-induced increase in the ratios para- and ortho-hydroxyantipyrine to antipyrine. In addition, supplementation did not affect the exercise-induced increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in plasma. In conclusion, in 60-year-old subjects antioxidant supplementation had no effect on the exercise-induced increase in oxidative stress as measured by free radical products of antipyrine. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2001
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28. Use of a triaxial accelerometer to validate reported food intakes.

Author

Goris, Annelies H. C., Meijer, Erwin P., Kester, Arnold, and Westerterp, Klaas R.

Subjects
CALORIC expenditure, ACCELEROMETERS, BASAL metabolism, FOOD consumption, PHYSICAL activity, BODY mass index
Abstract

Background: An easy and cheap method for validating reported energy intake (EI) is needed. Objective: Reported EI was compared with calculated energy expenditure (EEcalc) and with energy expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method (EEDLW). Design: EE was calculated on the basis of basal metabolic rate (BMR) measured with the ventilated-hood technique and physical activity (PA) measured with a triaxial accelerometer (EEVH+PA) and on the basis of BMR estimated by using World Health Organization equations and PA (EEWHO+PA): EEcalc = -1.259 + 1.55 x BMR + 0.076 x counts/min (r² = 0.90, P = 0.0001). Subjects [n = 12 men and 12 women aged 60 ± 3 y; body mass index (in kg/m²): 26 ± 4] reported their food intakes for 7 d and EEDLW, EEVH+PA, and EEWHO+PA were assessed over the same 7 d. Results: Reported EI (9.0 ± 2.1 MJ/d) was lower (P < 0.0001) than were EEDLW (11.3 ± 2.3 MJ/d), EEVH+PA (10.8 ± 1.7 MJ/d), and EEWHO+PA (10.8 ± 1.8 MJ/d). Underreporting was 19.4 ± 14.0%, 16.7 ± 13.6%, and 16.4 ± 15.5% on the basis of EEDLW, EEVH+PA, and EEWHO+PA, respectively. The difference of 2.7 ± 8.0% between EEDLW and EEVH+PA was not related to the average of both percentages and was not significantly different from zero. The percentage of underreporting calculated with EEWHO+PA was not significantly different from that calculated with EEDLW. Conclusions: The use of a combination of BMR (measured or estimated) and PA is a good method for validating reported EI. There was no significant difference between the percentage of underreporting calculated with EEVH+PA, EEWHO+PA, or EEDLW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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29. SELECTIVE UNDERREPORTING OF FAT INTAKE IN OBESE MEN

Author

Goris, Annelies H. C., Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S., and Westerterp, Klaas R.

Subjects
Psychological aspects, Reports, Health aspects, Men -- Psychological aspects -- Health aspects -- Reports, Overweight persons -- Health aspects -- Reports -- Psychological aspects, Medical research -- Psychological aspects -- Health aspects -- Reports, Dietary fat -- Reports -- Psychological aspects -- Health aspects, Medicine, Experimental -- Psychological aspects -- Health aspects -- Reports
Abstract

Food intake is extremely difficult to measure, as extensive discrepancies between reported energy intakes and measured energy expenditure have been documented in obese subjects. In previous studies, the degree of [...]

Published
2000

30. UNDERREPORTING OF HABITUAL FOOD INTAKE IN HIGHLY MOTIVATED LEAN WOMEN

Author

Goris, Annelies H. C. and Westerterp, Klaas R.

Subjects
Surveys, Records and correspondence, Methods, Dietitians -- Surveys -- Methods, Food habits -- Records and correspondence -- Methods -- Surveys, Nutrition surveys -- Methods -- Surveys
Abstract

The distinction between underrecording of food intake and undereating is rarely addressed when assessing habitual food intake. Nutrition research requires a valid measure of food intake, yet self-reporting of energy [...]

Published
1999

31. Greater male variability in daily energy expenditure develops through puberty.

Author

Halsey LG, Careau V, Ainslie PN, Alemán-Mateo H, Andersen LF, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Baddou I, Bandini L, Bedu-Addo K, Blaak EE, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bouten CVC, Bovet P, Brage S, Buchowski MS, Butte N, Camps SG, Casper R, Close GL, Colbert LH, Cooper JA, Cooper R, Dabare P, Das SK, Davies PSW, Deb S, Nyström CD, Dietz W, Dugas LR, Eaton S, Ekelund U, Hamdouchi AE, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Gillingham M, Goris AH, Gurven M, Haisma H, Hambly C, Hoffman D, Hoos MB, Hu S, Joonas N, Joosen A, Katzmarzyk P, Kempen KP, Kimura M, Kraus WE, Kriengsinyos W, Kuriyan R, Kushner RF, Lambert EV, Lanerolle P, Larsson CL, Lessan N, Löf M, Martin C, Matsiko E, Meijer GA, Morehen JC, Morton JP, Must A, Neuhouser M, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietilainen KH, Pitsiladis YP, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Rabinovich R, Racette SB, Raichen DA, Ravussin E, Redman L, Reilly JJ, Reynolds R, Roberts S, Rood JC, Samaranayake D, Sardinha LB, Scuitt AJ, Silva AM, Sinha S, Sjödin AM, Stice E, Stunkard A, Urlacher SS, Valencia ME, Valenti G, van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Verbunt JA, Wells JCK, Wilson G, Wood B, Yoshida T, Zhang X, Murphy-Alford A, Loechl C, Luke A, Pontzer H, Rood J, Sagayama H, Westerterp KR, Wong WW, Yamada Y, and Speakman JR

Subjects
Adolescent, Young Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Adult, Reproduction, Energy Metabolism, Phenotype, Puberty, Sexual Behavior
Abstract

There is considerably greater variation in metabolic rates between men than between women, in terms of basal, activity and total (daily) energy expenditure (EE). One possible explanation is that EE is associated with male sexual characteristics (which are known to vary more than other traits) such as musculature and athletic capacity. Such traits might be predicted to be most prominent during periods of adolescence and young adulthood, when sexual behaviour develops and peaks. We tested this hypothesis on a large dataset by comparing the amount of male variation and female variation in total EE, activity EE and basal EE, at different life stages, along with several morphological traits: height, fat free mass and fat mass. Total EE, and to some degree also activity EE, exhibit considerable greater male variation (GMV) in young adults, and then a decreasing GMV in progressively older individuals. Arguably, basal EE, and also morphometrics, do not exhibit this pattern. These findings suggest that single male sexual characteristics may not exhibit peak GMV in young adulthood, however total and perhaps also activity EE, associated with many morphological and physiological traits combined, do exhibit GMV most prominently during the reproductive life stages.

Published
2023
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32. Validation of the TracmorD triaxial accelerometer to assess physical activity in preschool children.

Author

Sijtsma A, Schierbeek H, Goris AH, Joosten KF, van Kessel I, Corpeleijn E, and Sauer PJ

Subjects
Accelerometry instrumentation, Accelerometry methods, Actigraphy instrumentation, Basal Metabolism, Body Height, Body Weight, Calorimetry, Indirect, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Pediatric Obesity etiology, Sex Factors, Sleep, Actigraphy methods, Energy Metabolism, Motor Activity, Physical Exertion
Abstract

Objectives: To assess validity evidence of TracmorD to determine energy used for physical activity in 3-4-year-old children., Design and Methods: Participants were randomly selected from GECKO Drenthe cohort (n = 30, age 3.4 ± 0.3 years). Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured using the doubly labeled water method. Sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry (Deltatrac). TEE and SMR were used to calculate physical activity level (PAL) and activity energy expenditure (AEE). Physical activity was monitored using a DirectLife triaxial accelerometer, TracmorD with activity counts per minute (ACM) and activity counts per day (ACD) as outcome measures., Results: The best predictor for PAL was ACM with gender and weight, the best predictor for AEE was ACM alone (backward regression, R(2) = 0.50, P = 0.010 and R2 = 0.31, P = 0.011, respectively). With ACD, the prediction model for PAL included ACD, height, gender, and sleep duration (R2 = 0.48, P = 0.033), the prediction model for AEE included ACD, gender and sleep duration (R2 = 0.39, P = 0.042). The accelerometer was worn for 5 days, but 3 days did not give a different estimated PAL., Conclusion: TracmorD provides moderate-to-strong validity evidence that supports its use to evaluate energy used for physical activity in 3-4-year-old children., (Copyright © 2013 The Obesity Society.)

Published
2013
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33. Estimation of free-living energy expenditure using a novel activity monitor designed to minimize obtrusiveness.

Author

Bonomi AG, Plasqui G, Goris AH, and Westerterp KR

Subjects
Adult, Body Weight, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Monitoring, Ambulatory instrumentation, Energy Metabolism, Monitoring, Ambulatory methods, Motor Activity physiology
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of a novel activity monitor designed to be minimally obtrusive in predicting free-living energy expenditure. Subjects were 18 men and 12 women (age: 41 +/- 11 years, BMI: 24.4 +/- 3 kg/m(2)). The habitual physical activity was monitored for 14 days using a DirectLife triaxial accelerometer for movement registration (Tracmor(D)) (Philips New Wellness Solutions, Lifestyle Incubator, the Netherlands). Tracmor(D) output was expressed as activity counts per day (Cnts/d). Simultaneously, total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured in free living conditions using doubly labeled water (DLW). Activity energy expenditure (AEE) and the physical activity level (PAL) were determined from TEE and sleeping metabolic rate (SMR). A multiple-linear regression model predicted 76% of the variance in TEE, using as independent variables SMR (partial-r(2) = 0.55, P < 0.001), and Cnts/d (partial r(2) = 0.21, P < 0.001). The s.e. of TEE estimates was 0.9 MJ/day or 7.4% of the average TEE. A model based on body mass (partial-r(2) = 0.31, P < 0.001) and Cnts/d (partial-r(2) = 0.23, P < 0.001) predicted 54% of the variance in TEE. Cnts/d were significantly and positively associated with AEE (r = 0.54, P < 0.01), PAL (r = 0.68, P < 0.001), and AEE corrected by body mass (r = 0.71, P < 0.001). This study showed that the Tracmor(D) is a highly accurate instrument for predicting free-living energy expenditure. The miniaturized design did not harm the ability of the instrument in measuring physical activity and in determining outcome parameters of physical activity such as TEE, AEE, and PAL.

Published
2010
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34. Physical activity, fat intake and body fat.

Author

Goris AH and Westerterp KR

Subjects
Energy Intake physiology, Humans, Motor Activity physiology, Adiposity physiology, Dietary Fats pharmacology
Abstract

The body fatness of a subject is a long-term reflection of the energy balance, the more intake exceeds expenditure the more energy is stored as fat. There is not yet a clear answer on the question whether the current obesity epidemic is a consequence of gluttony or sloth. Review studies do not show a reduction of physical activity over the years, and food intake is difficult to measure in daily life conditions. Food intake can only be derived from self-report, where under-reporting of food intake and selective underreporting of fat intake are major issues. Fat intake might be an important factor in the increase of body weight. Many studies suggest the capacity of the body to oxidize dietary fat is a major risk factor for a positive energy balance. Additionally, there is evidence that most of the fat consumed is stored before oxidation. Obesity prone subjects might be characterized by a higher storage of dietary fat. The only way to increase the oxidation of dietary fat, other than consuming more dietary fat, is to increase energy expenditure by an increase of physical activity. Indeed, there are indications that physical activity is an important determinant of fat oxidation. Based on the evidence presented, it is concluded that the obesity epidemic is mainly due to a high dietary intake, especially as fat, and that physical activity can be a tool to modulate the effect of fat intake on body fat.

Published
2008
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35. Measuring free-living energy expenditure and physical activity with triaxial accelerometry.

Author

Plasqui G, Joosen AM, Kester AD, Goris AH, and Westerterp KR

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Basal Metabolism, Biomedical Engineering, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Acceleration, Energy Metabolism, Motor Activity
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the ability of a newly developed triaxial accelerometer to predict total energy expenditure (EE) (TEE) and activity-related EE (AEE) in free-living conditions., Research Methods and Procedures: Subjects were 29 healthy subjects between the ages of 18 and 40. The Triaxial Accelerometer for Movement Registration (Tracmor) was worn for 15 consecutive days. Tracmor output was defined as activity counts per day (ACD) for the sum of all three axes or each axis separately (ACD-X, ACD-Y, ACD-Z). TEE was measured with the doubly labeled water technique. Sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) was measured during an overnight stay in a respiration chamber. The physical activity level was calculated as TEE x SMR(-1), and AEE was calculated as [(0.9 x TEE) - SMR]. Body composition was calculated from body weight, body volume, and total body water using Siri's three-compartment model., Results: Age, height, body mass, and ACD explained 83% of the variation in TEE [standard error of estimate (SEE) = 1.00 MJ/d] and 81% of the variation in AEE (SEE = 0.70 MJ/d). The partial correlations for ACD were 0.73 (p < 0.001) and 0.79 (p < 0.001) with TEE and AEE, respectively. When data on SMR or body composition were used with ACD, the explained variation in TEE was 90% (SEE = 0.74 and 0.77 MJ/d, respectively). The increase in the explained variation using three axes instead of one axis (vertical) was 5% (p < 0.05)., Discussion: The correlations between Tracmor output and EE measures are the highest reported so far. To measure daily life activities, the use of triaxial accelerometry seems beneficial to uniaxial.

Published
2005
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36. Validity of the assessment of dietary intake: problems of misreporting.

Author

Westerterp KR and Goris AH

Subjects
Bias, Deuterium Oxide, Diet Records, Diet Surveys, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Mental Recall, Obesity, Reproducibility of Results, Self Disclosure, Body Water, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism physiology, Feeding Behavior, Nutrition Assessment
Abstract

Purpose of Review: This is a review of recent studies on the analysis of misreporting of food intake and on the consequences of misreporting for the interpretation of dietary surveys. Bias in the assessment of dietary intake was analysed from studies comparing reported intake with doubly labelled water assessed energy expenditure., Recent Findings: There is not yet a method for the accurate determination of dietary intake. Physical and psychological characteristics of study participants play an important role in the observed reporting bias. The degree of misreporting might increase with repeated dietary assessment in the same subjects, confounding the results of intervention studies., Summary: Campaigns aimed at changing food intake might not be as successful as concluded from the results of national food consumption measurements. Subjects might be reporting according to expected instead of real intake. In a clinical setting, the increased awareness of the nursing staff has been observed to result in overreporting of intake.

Published
2002
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