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In the Sverdlovsk region, dairy cattle of the Holstein breed is widely used, obtained as a result of long-term use of the global gene pool of Holstein servicing bulls. The assessment of the nutritional value of milk from cows-daughters of different servicing bulls of Holstein cattle genealogical lines and its quality from the point of view of raw materials for the dairy industry is relevant and has practical significance. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the livestock of cattle in the farm belongs to five lines – these are Vis Back Ideal 1013485 (25.1%), Reflection Sovering 198998 (19.6%), Montwick Chieftain 95679 (18.2%), Pabst Governor 882933 (22.7%), and Annas Adema 30587 (14.4%). Several servicing bulls are used in each line. Milk obtained from cows-daughters of servicing bulls of the Annas Adema 30587 line has high nutritional values of milk and its caloric content is 76.15-77.50 kCal, which is higher than average. The milk of cows-daughters of all servicing bulls from all the studied lines, despite the difference in physical-chemical parameters, met the requirements of GOST 31449-2013 “Raw cow’s milk. Technical specifications” of the highest grade. Thus, the farm breeds highly productive Holstein cattle with high milk quality indicators.

Since 2021, the Sverdlovsk region has switched to the cultivation and use of dairy cattle of the Holstein breed, obtained as a result of long-term use of the global gene pool of Holstein bulls. Evaluation of the effectiveness of rearing repair heifers from different servicing bulls is relevant and has practical significance. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that repair heifers increased their live weight with age, which by the age of 18 months reached from 508.0 kg (daughter of Thunderlight bull) to 529.3 kg (daughter of Seiner bull). The daughters of the Seiner bull have a higher growth rate. The daughters of the Thunderlight bull had lower live weight indicators for growth periods. The patterns of change in the average daily body weight gains in heifers-daughters of the evaluated servicing bulls were the same and corresponded to the general patterns of animal growth and development. The cultivation of repair young animals on the farm is profitable at a profitability level of 16.5-21.6%. Thus, the servicing bull has an impact on the growth and development of repair heifers, daughters, who are used to renew the herd. They differ in their features, despite the general patterns of growth and have different growth rates.

Due to the rapid development of cheese making, questions arise about obtaining milk with the properties necessary for their production, which are determined, among other things, by heredity. There is a need to evaluate cows of different genotypes by kappa-casein to make a decision on their breeding. The purpose of the work is to study the productive qualities of Holstein cows and their relationship depending on the kappa-casein genotype. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that cows with the kappa-casein BB genotype exceeded their peers from other groups by 452.35 kg (AA genotype) and 291.33 kg (AB genotype) or by 4.2- 2.7% in milk yield for the first lactation.Cows with the kappa-casein genotype AB and BB have stable lactation activity characterized by high milk yields in the second half of lactation, whereas cows with the AA genotype have a decrease in milk yield. Cows with the kappa casein AA and AB genotype have a negative correlation between milk yield and PMF in milk, while they are positive between milk yield and FMF in milk. The correlation coefficient between milk quality indicators – FMF and PMF in cows with the AA and AB genotypes was positive, while in animals with the BB genotype it was low and negative. Thus, it can be said that cows with different kappa-casein genotypes differ in indicators of the relationship between productive traits.

Prolonged Holsteinization led to the absorption of the domestic dairy black-and-white Holstein breed. Currently, the widespread use of bulls of various Holstein breeds continues and the study of their effect on the productive qualities of daughters is relevant and has practical significance. It was found that the daughters of the Brandy bull were obtained by outbred selection, and the daughters of the Bourbon and Dancer bulls have an inbreeding level of 0.47-0.39, which allows them to be classified as a group with a moderate inbreeding degree. The daughters of all bulls showed high milk yields in 305 days of the first lactation. In terms of milk quality, they exceeded the standard requirements. The highest productivity indicators - milk yield for 305 days of lactation were found in cows - daughters of the Brandy bull - 9825.7±927.14 kg, which is 502.7 and 473.3 kg more, or 5.1 and 4.8%, respectively, for groups of daughters of other bulls. The evaluation of milk physical and chemical parameters confirmed the superiority in nutritional and biological value of the product obtained from the daughters of the Dancer bull. It had more dry matter and fat in milk, which led to an increase in nutritional value.

The foundation stock of dairy cattle in the country is represented by animals of the Holstein breed, the most abundantly dairy in the world. The breeding of Holstein cattle is carried out along the lines and it is interesting to evaluate the animals of these lines for productive longevity. In the dairy herd there is a significant number of animals obtained as a result of inbreeding and inbreeding ranges from 0.25±0.026 (Reflection Sovering line) to 0.44±0.038 (Vis Back Ideal line), depending on the line. A greater number of cows obtained as a result of closely related mating in the Vis Back Ideal line. All cows, regardless of their lineage, have a high level of Holstein bloodline from 83.5±2.96 (Montwick Chieftain line) to 87.6±0.51 (Vis Back Ideal line) and, accordingly, can be considered as representatives of the Holstein breed. The highest duration of productive use was found in the group of cows of the Montwick Chieftain line. Lower indicators of productive longevity were found in the group of animals of the Vis Back Ideal line. The age of maximum lactation in the main, most common lines of cows: Reflection Sovering and Vis Back Ideal and amounted to 1.93 and 1.84 lactation, respectively. The most nutrients were obtained from the milk of cows of the Montwick Chieftain line, even for average lactation, which, in our opinion, is explained by the high quality indicators of milk from cows of this group.

Sverdlovsk region is one of the leading regions in milk production. The main livestock of dairy cattle is represented by the Holstein breed, obtained as a result of long-term use of the global gene pool of Holstein servicing bulls. The assessment of the productive qualities of dairy cattle of the Holstein breed, including consideration of linear origin, is relevant and has practical significance. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the farm is dominated by the number of cows of the Vis Back Ideal line, which account for more than 65.8% of the total number of cows. There is an unreliable insignificant difference in favor of cows of the Reflection Sovering line between groups of animals of different genealogical lines for the first and third lactation. With age, there is a decrease in milk quality indicators, such as FMF and PMF in milk from cows of all genealogical lines, which confirms the natural negative relationship between milk yield and milk quality indicators. The absorption of dairy black-and–white cattle of the domestic breed by the gene pool of the world’s most abundantly dairy breed, the Holstein, led to an increase in milk yields and the milk yield coefficient of these cows is much higher than 1000 kg. Despite the fact that the difference in milk yield is unreliable and the variation of the trait within each group along the line is quite significant, this is indicated by indirect traits such as the coefficient of milk production, milk yield for full-age lactation, etc., origin affects the productive qualities of cows.

Modern dairy cattle breeding efficiency is largely determined by the strategy of choosing a producer for herd reproduction, which determines the growth rate of herd productivity for the next 3 to 5 years. According to the results of 2022, there are 20 organisations in the Sverdlovsk region with milk production per feed cow of more than 9 thousand kg, including 10 farms with milk production of more than 10 thousand kg. The best farm in the region, APC “Kilachevsky”, produced an average of 12829 kg of milk for each of 3000 cows. Two record-breaking cows were milked there, each of which yielded more than 21 tonnes of milk for a standard lactation. Thirty-four breeding bulls were included in the study. As a result of their evaluation, it was found that in bulls whose genomic breeding value for milk yield exceeded 1000 kg of milk 80.0% of producers were actual improvers for this trait, and in bulls with low genomic breeding value for milk yield (0-99 kg) only 25.0% of producers were actual improvers. Bulls with a negative breeding value for milk production in 66.6 percent of cases turned out to be actual improvers. In terms of protein content in milk, the dependence is similar, the higher the genomic value of the sire according to MDB, the more bulls actually have a positive effect on the protein-milk content of daughters (Tables 3,4). However, the number of sires that confirmed genomic breeding value for protein-milk yield is much less than for milk yield. For milk yield, 17 sires out of 34 (50.0%) received confirmation of breeding value, and for protein-milk yield only 11 (32.0%).

The Ural type of the domestic black-and-white breed is distinguished by high productivity indicators, good suitability for use in the conditions of industrial milk technology. High productivity is accompanied by a decrease in productive longevity, which raises new questions for livestock workers. The assessment of the productive longevity of cows, depending on belonging to the line, is relevant and has practical significance. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest lifetime milk yield had animals of the Siling Trijun Rokita line, which in this indicator exceeded the rest by 23015 - 30647 kg or by more than 54.0 - 72.0%. In each group there are animals that have low productivity and cows with a high lifetime milk yield of over 65-77 tons of milk. Cows of the Siling Trajun Rokita line have high rates of productive longevity – 5.9 lactation, and the other lines have low from 1.4 to 2.4 lactation. The genetic potential of productive longevity of cows of all lines (with the exception of the Pabs Governer line) is high 9 - 10 lactation. An increase in the duration of lactation does not significantly affect the overall milk productivity of cows.

The Ural type of the domestic black-and-white breed is distinguished by high productivity indicators, good suitability for use in the conditions of industrial milk technology. To obtain modern dairy cattle, related breeds were used in the herds, a significant number of animals obtained as a result of closely related breeding were revealed. the study of the influence of the degree of inbreeding on the growth and development of repair young is relevant and has practical significance. It was found that the live weight of heifers in all accounting periods practically did not differ, that is, it can be said that the method of obtaining heifers using unrelated or related selection did not affect the dynamics of live weight during their cultivation. The average daily gains in live weight differed slightly by growth periods and by groups. So they were higher in the periods from the first to the first fruitful insemination and from 10 to 12 months, lower gains were noted in the period from the moment of fruitful insemination to 18 months of age. The highest milk yield for lactation was obtained from the first heifers with a remote degree of inbreeding.

Purebred stud bulls of a related Holstein breed are widely used when breeding domestic black-and-white cattle breeds. Results’ evaluation of using these stud bulls by offspring quality is relevant and has practical significance. Stud bulls of the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line were evaluated in one of the breeding farms of the Moscow region. As a result, it was found that all the evaluated stud bulls had a high breeding value. Bulls Trubach 174 - A1; Nog Odin-M 490626 - A1; Lowlands-M 427373367 – A2 were assigned categories by milk yield, bulls Memory-M 54215651 – B2; Fern-M 107901925 - B1; Lowlands-M 427373367 – B1. The evaluation of nutrients’ yield with milk showed that when using the offspring of Memory-M 54215651 bull, negative results were obtained despite that it has a category B2. According to the nutrients’ yield with milk. Thus, stud bulls of the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line: Trubach 174; Nog Odin-M 490626; Memory-M 54215651; Fern-M 107901925; Lowlands-M 427373367 can be used on the farm considering their breeding value. Lowlands-M 427373367 bull with category A2 B1 requires wider use.

In the Sverdlovsk region, holstinized black-and-white cattle of the Ural type is bred, which is represented by large, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. The purpose of the work is to study the productive qualities of Holsteinized black-and-white cattle with a high proportion of blood relationship in the Holstein breed, depending on the linear affiliation and their relationship. There are no differences in milk yield and milk quality indicators in cows of different lines. All cows were of dairy productivity, as evidenced by the high coefficient of milk production. There was a significant difference between groups of cows of different lines in terms of the lactation stability coefficient, which was higher in the group of cows of the Reflection Sovering line (P≤0.05). The figure clearly shows that the correlation between milk yield and milk quality indicators – FDM and PDM in milk is negative, that is, with an increase in milk yield, there is a decrease in FDM and PDM in milk. A positive correlation has been established between the phenotypic trait (live weight) and their productive qualities – milk yield and lactation stability coefficient, which makes it possible to recommend selection by live weight.

Holstein black pied cattle with a high genetic potential of productivity are bred in the Sverdlovsk region. The study of the interrelation between the productive traits of modern domestic dairy black pied cattle of the Middle Urals zone with high thorough-bredness for the Holstein breed is relevant. The purpose of the work was to study the conjugation dynamics of productive traits by lactation depending on the line. According to the average milk yield indicators. There were no differences in MFF and MFP in milk from cows of different lines, yet the fluctuations in milk yield within the lines were significant. The highest indicators of the correlation coefficient are established between the qualitative indicators of milk, which means that an increase in one of the indicators invariably leads to an increase another. A positive low conjugacy was established between milk yield and MFP in milk, as well as milk yield and cows’ live weight for the first and second lactation in cows of both lines. In cows of the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line, the conjugacy of productive traits for the third lactation turned into negative, except for milk yield and live weight. Thus, the linear affiliation of cows and their age (lactation) influence the interrelation of productive traits, which can be considered when further planning breeding work with the herd.

Holsteinized Russian black pied cattle of the Ural type are bred in the Sverdlovsk region, which is represented by large highly productive animals with a high genetic potential of productivity. The purpose of the work was to study the productive qualities of Holsteinized black pied cattle with a high proportion of thorough-bredness in the Holstein breed and their interrelation. Milk yield per lactation increases reaching the maximum for the third lactation. The increase amounted to o 1409 kg or 14.9% relative to the first one. The study has found changes in milk quality indicators; the indicators fluctuated depending on lactation, yet a tendency to increase MFF in milk from the first to the third lactation was revealed. The highest indicators were shown in the second lactation. During this lactation, the highest milk protein content was observed – 3.26%. Due to the increase in milk yield and milk quality indicators, an increase in the amount of milk fat and milk protein per lactation is observed from 679 kg (1 lactation) to 782 kg (2 lactation). The correlation between milk yield and milk quality indicators being MFF and MFP varies depending on lactation. Mainly, with the exception of the first lactation and the interrelation of milk yield per lactation - MFP in milk was negative and amounted to 0.11. That is, with an increase in milk yield, there is a decrease in MFF and MFP in milk.

In the Sverdlovsk region Holsteinized Black Pied cattle of the Ural type are bred which are represented by large, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. Great importance is attached to the rearing replacement calves. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of the live weight of replacement heifers from different seed bulls during rearing and its dependency on the age of the first insemination. The highest average daily weight gains were in the dairy period of heifers development, they ranged from 989 g for the daughters of the bull Thunderline to 1054 g for their peers from the bull Maximum. There were also high average daily gains during this period when rearing heifers from the bull Renigend. In the second period of rearing from 6 to 10 months of age there was a decrease in the average daily weight gain in all groups. Heifers from different seed bulls reach the required live weight for the first insemination at different ages. Maximum’s daughters, which had the weight of 399.4 kg at the age of 12.9 months. reached the required live weight most quickly. Their peers from other seed bulls reached the aforementioned live weight only at the age of 13.7 months.

Holsteinized Russian Black Pied cattle of the Ural type are bred in the Sverdlovsk region, which is represented by large, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. The aim of the study was study holsteinization results of Russian Black Pied cattle in one of the pedigree reproducers of the Sverdlovsk region. Over the past 20 years, there have been significant changes in the rearing heifers’ raising intensity; their live weight at the first insemination increased and their age decreased. In terms of live weight at the first insemination, there was an increase from 2006 to 2013 to over 400 kg; then, when switching to early insemination terms, there was a decrease in live weight to 390 kg. The age of first insemination has decreased since 2000 from 20.2 months to 14.4 months in 2018. An inversely proportional dependence of the milk yield of first heifers on the age of the rearing heifers’ first insemination has been established. An increase in milk yield occurs with a decrease in the age of the first insemination and vice versa, an increase in the age of heifers’ first insemination is observed with a decrease in milk yield. Moreover, this also happened when raising both hybrid heifers and heifers of the new Ural type of Holsteinized Russian Black Pied cattle.

Holsteinized Russian Black Pied cattle of the Ural type are bred in the Sverdlovsk region, which is represented by large, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. The purpose of the work was to study the effect of first heifers’ live weight on their productivity and the interrelation between milk yield and milk quality indicators. It was found that there was a positive tendency for an increase in milk yield with an increase in the cows’ live weight from less than 550 kg to 624 kg. The most significant increase in milk yield in cows was in the range from 574 to 599 kg. The difference in milk yield between these groups was 692 kg or 8.1% in favor of animals with live weight of 575-599 kg. An increase in cows’ live weight over 625 kg leads to a decrease in milk yield, which amounted to 2.3%. Changes in correlation are observed from a negative average value in cows with a live weight of less than 550 kg to a positive average value in cows with a live weight of more than 625 kg. In first heifers with live weight from 575 to 599 kg, a very low positive interrelation between live weight and milk yield per lactation was recorded (0.04).

In the Sverdlovsk region, holstinized black-and-white cattle of the Ural type is bred, which is represented by large, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. The purpose of the work is to study the dynamics of live weight of cows with age and its relationship with milk productivity. In animals, there is an increase in live weight with age by 22.6 kg (from 3 to 4 lactation) – 46.2 kg (from the first to the 2 lactation) or by 3.4 – 7.9%. With an increase in live weight, there was an increase in milk yields up to 3 lactation, and then their decrease. The greatest decrease was observed in the fifth lactation. The coefficient of milk production decreases with the age of cows and is accompanied by an increase in live weight. Despite an increase in live weight and a decrease in milk yield for every 100 kg of live weight of cows, all of them turned out to be of dairy-oriented productivity. However, it should be noted that achieving a live weight of 710 kg or more leads to a decrease in the efficiency of cow use. There is a low negative relationship between live weight and milk yield of cows.

In the Sverdlovsk region, holsteinized black-and-white cattle of the Ural type are bred. All cows have high productivity indicators; the best milk yields are distinguished by the animals of the Vis Back Ideal line, which surpass their peers by 99 (Reflection Sovering line) and 1477 kg (Montwick Chieftain line) or by 0.9 – 13.7%. In the second case, the difference is significant at P≤0.01. According to the FMF in milk, higher values were observed in cows of the Montwick Chieftain line – 4.03±0.003%. They significantly surpass cows from other lines by 0.04 – 0.07% at P≤0.01, which did not affect the output of nutrients with milk. There is a stable high correlation between cow milk yield and milk fat yield with milk. The correlation coefficients approach one. A negative correlation was found between milk yield and fat mass fraction, which ranged from low (-0.03, Montwick Chieftain line) to medium (-0.34, Vis Back Ideal line). The average positive relationship between the fat mass fraction in milk and the amount of milk fat was found in cows of the lines of the Reflection Sovering and Vis Back Ideal

A related Holstein breed has recently been used to improve domestic dairy cattle and create highly productive herds by purchasing semen from breeding bulls, as well as a large number of heifers and calves of foreign breeding. The purpose of the work is a comparative assessment of the productive qualities of Black Pied and Holstein cows of foreign breeding. Purebred Holstein cows differ from animals of Black Pied breed in milk yield per lactation by 1064 kg or 15.2% (P≤0.01, in favor of Holstein cows). In terms of quality indicators of milk, that are the content of fat and protein in milk, the superiority remained with Black Pied cows. The difference was significant at P≤0.05 for fat content in milk and at P≤0.001 for protein content. Both groups of cows exceeded the breed standard for milk yield per lactation, mass fraction of fat and mass fraction of protein in milk. The milk of the Russian Black Pied cattle contains more essential amino acids. The milk of cows of both breeds can be considered complete, since the amount of limited amino acids in the milk of purebred Holstein cows of foreign breeding is over 95% of their content in the ideal protein.

This paper presents the results of experiments on primates feeding. In diet structures that were used animal feed, of which fish flour is the most valuable, as found, for monkeys, due to its unique chemical composition. And the effect of the probiotic complex “Bactistatin” on the digestibility of feed in the diet of rhesus monkeys was studied. This preparation belongs to the new generation of probiotics. It is a biological product with immobilized probiotic strains and their metabolites. The study was conducted on a large population of male rhesus macaques in enclosure conditions. Feeding diets, their nutritional value as a result of the inclusion of fish flour in the amount of 18% were studied. And also, the effect of “Bactistatin” in the amount of 3 g/head, on the formation of symbiotic microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, was studied in order to improve the absorption of nutrients in complete feed. Changes in homeostasis during the experiment were controlled by hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of both experimental and control primates. At the end of the experiment, the cost of feed, nutrients, and exchange energy per head was calculated. The experimental data obtained were analyzed and mathematically processed.

The results of research in some cases allow to judge the change in the functional activity of the studied organs after the use of the preparation. The obtained factual material significantly supplements the information about the biological properties of the propolis water-alcohol emulsion. In practical veterinary medicine, the results of research can be taken into account when prescribing propolis for therapeutic and preventive purposes. Thus, as a result of the study, it was found that the most characteristic histological changes in the structural components of the intestinal wall are observed in the ileum of young pigs and pigs of the experimental groups. The height of this intestine villi in young pigs of the experimental group is 280.97 ± 3.37 microns, and in the control group - 193.89 ± 2.66 microns (p< 0.001). In pigs treated with the preparation, the villi also have a higher height - 256.89 ± 1.62 microns compared to 163.96 ± 0.61 microns in the control group. In young pigs and pigs of the control groups, the shape of the ileum villi is finger-shaped or bottle-shaped, and in animals of the experimental groups their forms are more differentiated - bottle-shaped, leaf-shaped and dome-shaped. This will allow store pigs receiving propolis preparation to better absorb the nutrients of the diet and gain weight faster. The research results are of interest to researchers developing propolis preparations for oral use.

In our experiment, we studied the possibility of including dry chlorella in primate feeding structures of the diet. In order to replace high-nutritional protein feed of plant and animal origin. Along with dry chlorella, the effect of chlorella suspension, as a dietary supplement, on the primate organism has been studied. For experiments with dry chlorella, the primate feeding ration was changed. In the structure of the diet of dry chlorella feeding was subjected to substitution: dry milk by 90%, egg powder by 9%. Whereas chlorella emulsion with a cell density in the culture fluid of 55-60 million / cm3 rhesus monkeys was obtained with drinking water. At the rate of 2.8 ml / kg body weight per day and complete feed (CF), as in the control group. The data obtained macaca mulatta of the experiment indicate that the inclusion of chlorella in the structure of rations of primates, both dry and with culture liquid, contributes to a better digestibility of feed nutrients. Significantly increases the level of metabolism in the body of primates of the experimental groups. And the results of hematological studies indicate an increase in the natural resistance of the organism.