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Objectives: This randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of music and informative videos as distraction tools to reduce the anxiety of patients during root canal treatment and retreatment. Method and materials: A total of 90 patients were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly allocated to three groups: Group 1 listened to music during the treatment (n = 30), Group 2 watched an informative preoperative video (n = 30), and a control group underwent treatment without a distraction method (n = 30). Prior to treatment, the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and a visual analog scale for pain were used to assess anxiety and preoperative pain. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were recorded before the intervention (T1), after the local anesthetic (T2), following pulp extirpation or removal of root fillings (T3), and immediately following rubber dam removal (T4). One-way ANOVA, followed by post-hoc Bonferroni tests for multiple comparisons, were used to compare mean values of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation among the groups. A P value of 5% was considered as significant. Results: Listening to music reduced systolic blood pressure, heart rate (P < .001), and diastolic blood pressure (P = .003) in patients undergoing root canal treatment and retreatment at T4 compared to the baseline (T1). Music (P < .001) and informative video (P = .003) groups had significantly lower postoperative visual analog scale pain scores. Conclusion: Listening to music during root canal treatment and retreatment reduced anxiety levels in patients compared to informative preoperative videos and no distraction technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the chelation effect on dentin-root microhardness and surface topography between 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a commonly used chelating agent, and a potential chelating agent 25% copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid (Poly (AA-co-MA). Eleven extracted, well-preserved maxillary incisors were used. After the routine procedure of endodontic instrumentation, the roots were longitudinally split, dividing them into two halves. The samples were randomly divided into three groups of seven each (n=7). Group one was subjected to 17% EDTA. Group two was subjected to 25% Poly (AA-co-MA). Group 3 was used as a control group and treated only with saline. The chelating agents and saline were applied in a standardized method. The microhardness was evaluated using the Vickers Hardness test which was applied in three different spots on every half tooth. The surface topography was evaluated under Scanning Electronic Microscope. Paired t-test and Post Hoc tests with analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to estimate the impact of the chelating agents on the dentin-root microhardness and to compare the two agents. A significant difference in the microhardness was observed within Group 1 and Group 2 (before/after) (p<0.05), but no significant difference was seen between Groups 1 and 2 (p>0.05). A scanning electron microscope revealed the clear impact of EDTA and Poly (AA-co-MA) in the removal of the smear layer compared with saline. Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that 25% Poly (AA-co-MA) can be used as a chelating agent. It has an equal effect to 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in reducing the dentin-root microhardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different irrigation techniques EndoVac, RinsEndo, Canal CleanMax (CCMax), SonicMax, Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI), and Manual Needle Irrigation (MNI) on dentin erosion and smear layer removal using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: Seventy extracted single-rooted teeth were instrumented with ProTaper rotary instruments. The roots were randomly divided into six experimental groups (n = 10): EndoVac, RinsEndo, CCMax, SonicMax, PUI, and MNI. Final irrigation was performed with NaOCl followed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and NaOCl. Six roots served as control and were irrigated with only NaOCl. Next, the roots were sectioned in a buccolingual direction and the halves were examined by SEM. Smear layer and erosion scores were recorded in the cervical, middle and apical third of the roots. Data analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests with a level of significance α = 0.05. Results: PUI had the greatest amount of smear layer compared to other groups (P < 0.001). However, SonicMax had the greatest degree of erosion compared to RinsEndo, MNI, PUI, and EndoVac groups (P < 0.001) and CCMax group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: RinsEndo and EndoVac techniques left the least amount of smear layer while causing erosion the least compared to CCMax, PUI, and MNI techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was comparing the amount of apically extruded irrigation solutions by using various irrigation systems: Canal CleanMax (CCM), SonicMax, RinsEndo, Passive Ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Manual Needle Irrigation (MNI), and EndoVac irrigation systems Sixty single-rooted mandibular premolars were used. ProTaper was used to instrument the canals up to F4 finishing file. Teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10). (CCMax, SonicMax, RinsEndo, MNI, PUI and EndoVac). Ten mL final irrigation was made with each irrigation system. Extruded irrigant from the apical foramen was collected into vials. The amount of the extruded irrigation solution was determined by calculating the difference between the initial and final weight of the vials for each group. Results were analyzed by “Kruskal Wallis” and “Conover’s multiple comparison” tests. CCMax and EndoVac groups showed no apical extrusion and these two groups were statistically different from the others significantly (SonicMax, RinsEndo, MNI and PUI systems) (p < 0.05), and no difference was found among SonicMax, MNI, Passive PUI systems (p > 0.05). Maximum apical extrusion was seen with RinsEndo. RinsEndo showed statistically difference from SonicMax and MNI (p < 0.05) but no statistically difference with PUI (p > 0.05). The negative pressure irrigation systems (CCMax and EndoVac) were demonstrated to be significantly more successful and safer in terms of apical extrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present in vitro study aimed to compare the efficacy of a 25% copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid [poly(AA-co-MA)] and 17% of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in removing calcium hydroxide (CH) from root canals using the master apical file (MAF) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI)., Material and Methods: Fifty-eight teeth were dressed with CH. After 10 days, CH was removed using MAF+EDTA, MAF+poly(AA-co-MA), PUI+EDTA, and PUI+poly (AA-co-MA) (n=12). Ten teeth were used as controls. Residual CH was evaluated using a four-grade scoring system. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U, Friedman, and Dunn-Bonferroni tests., Results: In the MAF and PUI groups, there was no significant difference in the CH scores between EDTA and Poly(AA-co-MA) ( p <0.083). Although EDTA and poly(AA-co-MA) had lower CH scores when used with PUI, no significant difference was found between the two agents ( p <0.083)., Conclusions: Poly(AA-co-MA) did not remove significantly more CH than EDTA when used with MAF or PUI. Key words: Calcium hydroxide, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Acrylic acid, Maleic acid., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest None declared., (Copyright: © 2023 Medicina Oral S.L.)