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Matthew J Garver,1 Aqualus M Gordon,1 Nicolas M Philipp,1 Matt R Huml,2 Amanda J Wakeman1 1School of Nutrition, Kinesiology, and Psychological Science, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO, USA; 2School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USACorrespondence: Matthew J GarverSchool of Nutrition, Kinesiology, and Psychological Science, University of Central Missouri, Morrow Room 149, Warrensburg, MO, 64093, USATel +1 660 543 4629Fax +1 660 543 8505Email garver@ucmo.eduIntroduction: This research sought to establish the impact of the change-event of COVID-19 on college athletes and members of other campus groups (eg, marching band, eSports, Reserve Officers Training Corps). The specific purpose was to assess the perceived impact and impact on mental health (eg, depression, anxiety, and stress).Methods: The survey battery presented a total of 37 items. Demographic, sport or group-specific, and academic-related questions were included alongside the assessment of psychological well-being coming from the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21.Results: There were 249 participants completing some or all of the survey battery. It is notable that 172 participants (69.1%) indicated “a lot has changed”. Common one-word responses to the experience surrounding this change-event were feeling disappointment, upset, frustrated, sadness, annoyance, and depression. Life events that conjured similar magnitude of emotion included significant injury, surgery, and losing a loved one. There were no differences by sport for the depression subscale, but 110 participants reported elevated scores and females had a higher mean depression subscale score compared with males. Differences between sports for the anxiety subscale were negated when evaluating Bonferroni correction for multiple tests, but 69 participants reported elevated scores and females had a higher mean anxiety subscale score compared with males. There was no difference by sport for the stress subscale, but 77 participants reported elevated scores and females had a higher mean stress subscale score compared with males.Discussion: Authors urge the campus and athletics community to be diligent in monitoring the holistic wellness of college athletes and members of other campus groups. Mainly, we contend it is important to consider that COVID-19 is a significant and widespread change-event, and other change-events are known to have significant impact. We should consider that COVID-19 may be acutely and longitudinally impactful to the American college student.Keywords: COVID-19, sport psychology, multidisciplinary team, academics

The management of water utilities in urban contexts, which are particularly prone to water shortages and where future water security is of the utmost importance, has become a challenging task for the majority of municipal and regional planners. The present study attempts to evaluate how environmental knowledge and values influence possible pro-environmental behavior with respect to household water consumption behavior, attitudes, and habits among 500 (n = 313) urban dwellers in an urban setting in Jiangsu Province, China. We adapted the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to elucidate pro-environmental behaviors while exploratory factor and Spearman correlation analysis were applied to datasets elicited from respondents. The study establishes important positive correlations using Spearman's rank (r = 0.50) based on the findings of our empirical analysis, which suggest that individuals with strong environmental values and rich environmental knowledge are more likely to exhibit behaviors, attitudes and habits that result in effective household water use and management. Additionally, based on the magnitude of the factor loadings, the key results from principal factor analysis were as follows: efficient household water consumption is contingent on fixing household leaks (0.73) and replacing old shower fixtures and water-using appliances (0.66). Nevertheless, China's water resources are insufficient and require efficient management (0.66), the quality of tap water supplies is compromised and cannot be trusted (0.66) and there has been little to no improvement in water quality and availability in the past 10 years in China (0.69). This research reinforces the role of knowledge in shaping behavior, and has policy effects and could serve as a benchmark for measures to reduce household water use. HIGHLIGHTS Enriched environmental values and knowledge translate into efficient water management.; Efficient household water consumption predicates on fixing household leaks, water appliances and other damages.; Households are reluctant to sacrifice their comfort for efficient water management.; Findings reinforce the role of knowledge in shaping the pro-environmental behavior.; Findings have policy effects that could be used as a benchmark.;

IntroductionAny type of activity that results in caloric expenditure has the potential to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases; nonetheless, most people, especially office workers, are physically inactive. This study sought to evaluate the extent of physical inactivity and its determinants among the staff of selected banks in Accra, Ghana.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving 219 banking staff randomly selected from five commercial banking institutions in Accra, Ghana. Demographic data was collected with a structured questionnaire. Physical inactivity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Study associations were determined using univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression models with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) estimated.ResultsTwo hundred and nineteen (219) participants were recruited, out of which 56.6% were males and 43.4% were females. The mean age (± SD) of the participants was 40.0±7.9 years. Physical inactivity was observed in 179 (81.7%) participants. The following were independently associated with physical inactivity: travel-related activities (AOR, 0.151; 95% CI, 0.059-0.384; pConclusionPhysical inactivity was very high among bankers. Travel-related activities reduced physical inactivity whiles working at the bank for more than six years increased physical inactivity. Thus, promoting regular physical activity, frequent monitoring, and implementation of other appropriate healthy lifestyle intervention strategies are vital to reduce risk of early onset disease conditions associated with physical inactivity in this population.

Efficient water-saving appliances are an essential part of changing water consumption toward a more sustainable future. Unlike previous studies, this research focuses on egoistic and altruistic values as determinants of consumers' willingness to buy efficient water-saving appliances. In this study, a convenient sampling technique was used to solicit data from 308 potential consumers. Using a two-step structural equation model method for data analysis, the results show that both egoistic and altruistic values affect the willingness of consumers to purchase efficient water-saving appliances. However, compared with altruistic values, egoistic values had a greater influence on consumers' purchasing intention. From the Chinese perspective, this study is one of the primary efforts to understand the association and importance of ethical values and consumers' willingness to support water-saving innovations. The findings of this study put forward significant policy effects that could serve as a benchmark for measures that are likely to promote purchasing intentions toward efficient water-saving appliances. HIGHLIGHTS Egoistic and altruistic values had a significant effect on consumers’ purchasing intention.; Egoistic value was the dominant variable.; There is an association between ethical values and consumers’ willingness to support water-saving innovations.; Consumers purchase water-saving appliances for their own benefit and not inherently for environmental benefit.; It serves as a benchmark for measures to managing residential water use.;

BackgroundThe artemisinin derivatives are the preferred antimalaria drugs for treating severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, their clinical effectiveness compared to each other is unknown. Our objective, therefore, was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the artemisinin derivatives and quinine for treating severe P. falciparum malaria in children and adults using a network meta-analysis.Methods and findingsReview protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020218190. We updated the search strategies of three Cochrane systematic reviews which included published and unpublished randomised control trials (RCTs) that have compared specific artemisinin derivatives to quinine in treating severe malaria. Search included CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, ISI Web of Science and trial registries up to February 2021. We screened studies, extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and quality of evidence in duplicate. Separate network meta-analyses in the frequentist framework, using a random effects model, with quinine as reference, were conducted for adults and children, and rankings were produced using p-scores to assess mortality, parasite clearance, coma recovery, fever clearance, neurological sequela and adverse events. Searches identified 818 citations, 33 RCTs were eligible. We pooled 7795 children and 3182 adults. The networks involved artesunate, artemether, rectal artemisinin, arteether and quinine. Compared to quinine, artesunate reduced mortality in children (risk ratio (RR), 0.76; 95%CI [0.65 to 0.89], moderate quality), adults (RR, 0.55; 95%CI [0.40 to 0.75], moderate quality) and in cerebral malaria (RR, 0.72; 95%CI [0.55 to 0.94], moderate quality). Compared to rectal artemisinin and intramuscular arteether, the efficacy and safety of parenteral artesunate, and intramuscular artemether in treating severe malaria are not clear. Rankings showed that none of the artemisinin drugs were consistently superior in all the outcomes assessed. Indirect evidence produced were of very low ratings due to suspected publication bias and imprecision.ConclusionsArtesunate reduces mortality compared to quinine for both adults and children in Asia and Africa including cerebral malaria. The artemisinin derivatives remain the best treatment for severe malaria but their comparative clinical effectiveness is yet to be fully explored.

As more than a means of recalling, memory is an active cultural creation and landscape inscriptions construct memories by locating place-based historical narratives. To model memory in terms of engagement with a place through inscription, this study focuses on a complex palimpsest petroglyph panel at the site of Kiñan Tanka, which is situated in the highland north-central Andes. Photogrammetric modeling and vector renderings of Kiñan Tanka’s panel are analyzed to identify the microstratigraphy of its motifs. These data are paired with recently-acquired excavation data from three nearby rock art sites to reveal a tradition of incised petroglyphs that covered approximately 1300 years (1500 - 200 BC). The spatio-temporal relationships of Kiñan Tanka’s iconography are considered within its context as a venerated place and a threshold between distinct worlds during the Formative Period.

Hyperlipidaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death globally. Celecoxib attenuated hypercholesterolaemia associated with CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats without improving liver function in our previous study. This present study investigated the lipid lowering potential of celecoxib in normal rats fed with coconut oil subjected to five deep-frying episodes. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to groups (n = 6 rats/group) which received physiological saline (10 mL/kg), unheated coconut oil (UO, 10 mL/kg) or heated coconut oil (HO, 10 ml/kg) for 60 days. Groups that received HO were subsequently treated with either physiological saline, atorvastatin (25 mg/kg), celecoxib (5 mg/kg) or celecoxib (10 mg/kg) in the last fifteen days of the experiment. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after last treatment and blood and tissue samples collected for analysis. HO consumption produced significant hyperlipidaemia and elevation in marker enzymes of hepatic function. Celecoxib ameliorated the hyperlipidaemia as shown by the significantly (P

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected nearly every country worldwide and all African countries. The issue of healthcare workers (HCWs) contracting the disease is a growing concern in Ghana, because of the risk of spreading infections amongst themselves and to vulnerable patients in their care. This article illustrates how 14 staff at the Korle Bu Polyclinic/Family Medicine Department were incidentally found to be Covid-19 positive with most of them being asymptomatic. This observation led to a modification of the personal protective equipment (PPE) used by clinical staff when attending to patients. Furthermore, this finding suggests that a different criteria or guideline may be needed for testing of HCWs during a pandemic where a significant proportion of infected people are asymptomatic. We conclude that in the primary care setting HCWs must be ready to see all the following cases safely: routine patients, asymptomatic COVID-19 patients and suspected COVID-19 patients.

Children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) have impairments in bimanual coordination above and beyond their unilateral impairments. Recently we developed hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT), using the principles of motor learning, and neuroplasticity, to address these bimanual impairments. A single-blinded randomized control study of HABIT was performed to examine its efficacy in children with hemiplegic CP with mild to moderate hand involvement. Twenty children (age range 3y 6mo-15y 6mo) were randomized to either an intervention (n=10: seven males, three females; mean age 8y 7mo, SD 4y) or a delayed treatment control group (n=10: seven males, three females; mean age 6y 10mo, SD 2y 4mo). Children were engaged in play and functional activities that provided structured bimanual practice 6 hours per day for 10 days. Each child was evaluated immediately before and after the intervention, and again at 1-month post-intervention. Children in the intervention group demonstrated improved scores on the Assisting Hand Assessment, increased involved extremity use measured using accelerometry and a caregiver survey, bimanual items of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, and the simultaneity of completing a draw-opening task with two hands (p<0.05 in all cases). The results suggest that for this carefully selected subgroup of children with hemiplegic CP, HABIT appears to be efficacious in improving bimanual hand use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a broad definition of a neurological condition in which disorders in movement execution and postural control limit the performance of activities of daily living. In this paper, we first review studies on motor planning in hemiplegic CP. Second, preliminary data of a recent study on eye-hand coordination in participants with hemiplegic CP are presented. Here, the potential role of vision for online and prospective control of action was examined. METHOD: Review and presentation of preliminary data of an eye- and hand movement registration experiment in hemiplegic CP. RESULTS: Deficits in motor planning in hemiplegic CP contribute to limitations of activities of daily living. In the second part, exemplary plots of eye-hand coordination are presented for the affected and unaffected hand in one participant with hemiplegic CP, and for the preferred hand in controls, both as an illustration of the research methodology and to give an impression of the observed gaze patterns. CONCLUSION: Research on CP should not solely focus on low-level aspects of action execution, but also take into account the more high-level aspects of motor control, such as planning. Possible deviations therein may be sought in altered gaze patterns as illustrated in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constraint-induced (CI) movement therapy is a promising therapy for improving upper limb function in adults after stroke. It involves restraint of the non-involved limb and extensive movement practice with the involved limb. In this study, a single-blinded, randomized, control study was performed to examine the efficacy of CI therapy, modified to be child friendly, in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Twenty-two children (8 females, 14 males; mean age 6y 8mo [SD 1y 4mo]; range 4-8y) were randomized to either an intervention group (n=11) or a delayed treatment control group (n=11). Children wore a sling on their non-involved upper limb for 6 hours per day for 10 out of 12 consecutive days and were engaged in play and functional activities. Children in the treatment group demonstrated improved movement efficiency and dexterity of the involved upper extremity, which were sustained through the 6-month evaluation period, as measured by the Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function and fine motor-subtests of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (p<0.05 in both cases). Initial severity of hand impairment and testing compliance were strong predictors of improvement. Caregivers reported significant increases in involved limb frequency of use and quality of movement. However, there was no change in strength, sensibility, or muscle tone (p>0.05 in all cases). Results suggest that for a carefully selected subgroup of children with hemiplegic CP, CI therapy modified to be child-friendly, appears to be efficacious in improving movement efficiency of the involved upper extremity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies of impaired hand function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) have focused on either the involved or the non-involved extremity in isolation. Coordination of the involved and non-involved hand during bimanual tasks in these children is not well understood. The present study examined bimanual coordination using a drawer-opening task under speed and hand constraints in 10 children with hemiplegic CP (5 males and 5 females, mean age 13y 5mo, range 8y to 16y) and 10 age-matched right-handed developing typically children (6 males and 4 females, mean age 13y 1mo). Children were asked to reach forward and open a drawer with one hand and then activate a light switch inside the drawer with the contralateral hand. The role of the two hands (open drawer and activate switch) and speed (self-paced vs fast-as-possible) were varied. The children with hemiplegic CP were slower (p<0.001) and less coordinated in this task, with reduced movement overlap of the two hands (p<0.001) and sequential completion of the two movement objectives (p<0.001). Moreover, the hand used for each task subcomponent affected task performance for the children with hemiplegic CP (p<0.05). Interestingly, faster speed facilitated better bimanual coordination for the children with hemiplegic CP (p<0.001). Results highlight the importance of movement constraints on task performance and suggest that movement speed might facilitate better bimanual coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined whether children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) have anticipatory control of fingertip forces during lifts of familiar objects, and what type of practice (blocked or random) best enhances the retention of anticipatory control during lifts of novel objects. Eighteen children with hemiplegic CP (7 females, 11 males; 7 to 14 years of age, mean age 10 years, SD 1.8) and 18 age-matched typically developing children (8 males, 10 females; mean age 10.4 years, SD 1.7) participated in the study. In the first experiment the children lifted familiar objects of various weights and sizes five times each, while the vertical lifting (load) force was measured. Most participants demonstrated higher rates of load force increase for heavier (and larger) objects already during the first lift, indicating anticipatory control. Furthermore, the load force rates generally were similar across the five lifts for each object, suggesting that they had stable representations of the objects' properties. In the second experiment children lifted three novel objects varying in weight (but identical in volume) 27 times each, in either a blocked or a random order, followed by nine immediate and nine delayed (24 hours) retention trials. Blocked practice resulted in greater differentiation of the force rates between objects during acquisition than did random practice. Both practice schedules resulted in similar retention. These findings suggest that children with hemiplegic CP have a priori internal representations used for anticipatory force scaling with familiar objects. Furthermore, the results indicate that these children can form and retain internal representations of novel objects for anticipatory control, irrespective of the type of practice schedule employed. Thus, clinically based practice sessions that incorporate lifts with novel objects may enhance anticipatory force scaling and related prehensile function in children with hemiplegic CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: Constraint-induced (CI) movement therapy has been shown recently to be promising for improving upper-limb function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Because little is known about patient characteristics predicting treatment efficacy, not all children may benefit from this intervention. Here we examine the relationship between efficacy of a child-friendly form of CI therapy and age on involved upper-extremity function. DESIGN: Twenty children with hemiplegic CP age 4 to 13 years received CI therapy and completed evaluations. Based on established functional and neuromaturational changes in hand skill development, the children were divided into a 'younger group' (age 4-8 years, n = 12) and 'older group' (age 9-13 years, n = 8). Children wore a sling on their noninvolved upper extremity for 6 hours per day for 10 of 12 consecutive days, during which time they were engaged in play and functional activities. Each child was evaluated by trained evaluators who were blinded to the fact that the children received treatment. The evaluations took place once before the intervention and at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after the intervention. Efficacy was examined at the movement efficiency (Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function, subtest 8 of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency), environmental (caregiver frequency and quality of involved upper-limb use), and impairment (strength, tactile sensitivity, and muscle tone) levels. RESULTS: Children in both age groups had significant improvements in involved hand-movement efficiency and environmental functional limitations, which were retained through the 6-month posttest. However, there were no differences in efficacy between younger and older children. Both hand severity and the children's behavior during testing (number of redirections), with the latter serving as a reasonable correlate for attention during the intervention, were related to changes in performance in the younger group but not in the older group. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the intensive practice associated with CI therapy can improve movement efficiency and environmental functional limitations among a carefully selected subgroup of children with hemiplegic CP of varying ages and that this efficacy is not age-dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social determinants of health are prognostic indicators for patients undergoing orthopedic procedures., Purpose: Using the area deprivation index (ADI), a validated, weighted index of material deprivation and poverty (a 0%-to-100% scale, with higher percentages indicating greater disadvantage), we sought to evaluate whether there are associations in shoulder arthroplasty patients between higher ADI and rates of (1) medical complications, (2) emergency department (ED) utilizations, (3) readmissions, and (4) costs., Methods: We queried the PearlDiver nationwide database for patients who had undergone primary shoulder arthroplasty from 2010 to 2020. Patients from regions associated with high ADI (95%+) were 1:1 propensity matched to a comparison group by age, sex, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index. This yielded 49,440 patients in total. Outcomes included 90-day complications, ED utilizations, readmissions, and costs. Logistic regression models computed odds ratios (ORs) of ADI on the dependent variables. P values of < .05 were significant., Results: Patients from high ADI regions showed higher rates and odds of complications than those in the comparison group (10.84% vs 9.45%; OR: 1.10), including acute kidney injuries (1.73% vs 1.38%; OR: 1.23), urinary tract infections (3.19% vs 2.80%; OR: 1.13), and respiratory failures (0.49% vs 0.33%; OR: 1.44), but not increased ED visits (2.66% vs 2.71%; OR: 0.99) or readmissions (3.07% vs 2.96%; OR: 1.03). Patients from high ADI regions incurred higher costs on day of surgery ($8251 vs $7337) and at 90 days ($10,999 vs $9752)., Conclusions: This 10-year retrospective database study found that patients from high ADI regions undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty had increased rates of all 90-day medical complications, suggesting that measures of social determinants of health could inform health care policy and improve post-discharge care in these patients., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2023.)

Introduction: The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is a weighted index comprised of 17 census-based markers of material deprivation and poverty. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) in areas of high ADI (greater disadvantage) were associated with differences in 90-day: 1) medical complications; 2) emergency department (ED) utilizations; and 3) readmissions., Methods: A nationwide database was queried for primary THA patients from 2010 to 2020. The ADI is reported on a scale of 0 to 100, with higher numbers indicating greater disadvantage. Patients undergoing primary THA in regions associated with high ADI (90%+) were compared to those of lower ADI (0 to 89%). A total of 138,670 patients were evenly matched between the two cohorts following 1:1 propensity score matching by age, sex, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI). Primary endpoints were 90-day medical complications, ED utilizations, and readmissions. Multivariable logistic regression models calculated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). P-values less than 0.01 were statistically significant., Results: Patients undergoing THA from high ADI had significantly higher rates and odds of developing any medical complications (13.00 versus 11.91%; OR: 1.09, P < 0.0001), including acute kidney injuries (1.83 versus 1.52%; OR: 1.20, P < 0.0001), myocardial infarctions (0.35 versus 0.24%; OR: 1.45, P = 0.0003), and surgical site infections (0.94 versus 0.76%; OR: 1.23, P = 0.0004). High ADI patients had significantly higher rates and odds of ED visits within 90 days (3.94 versus 3.67%; OR: 1.08, P = 0.008). There was no significant difference in readmissions (5.44 versus 5.69%; OR: 0.95, P = 0.034)., Conclusions: Socioeconomically disadvantaged patients have increased odds of 90-day medical complications and ED utilizations, despite comparable 90-day readmission rates. Measures of neighborhood disadvantage may be valuable metrics to inform healthcare policy and improve post-discharge care., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: This review examines health care team-focused interventions on managing persistent or recurrent distress behaviors among older adults in long-term residential or inpatient health care settings., Methods: We searched interventions addressing health care worker (HCW) knowledge and skills related to distress behavior management using Ovid MEDLINE, Elsevier Embase, and Ovid PsycINFO from December 2002 through December 2022., Results: We screened 6,582 articles; 29 randomized trials met inclusion criteria. Three studies on patient-facing HCW interactions (e.g. medication management, diagnosing distress) showed mixed results on agitation; one study found no effect on quality of life. Six HCW-focused studies suggested short-term reduction in distress behaviors. Quality-of-life improvement or decreased antipsychotic use was not evidenced. Among 17 interventions combining HCW-focused and patient-facing activities, 0 showed significant distress reduction, 8 showed significant antipsychotic reduction (OR = 0.79, 95%CI [0.69, 0.91]) and 9 showed quality of life improvements (SMD = 0.71, 95%CI [0.39, 1.04]). One study evaluating HCW, patient-, and environmental-focused intervention activities showed short-term improvement in agitation., Conclusions and Clinical Implications: Novel health care models combining HCW training and patient management improve patient quality of life, reduce antipsychotic use, and may reduce distress behaviors. Evaluation of intervention's effects on staff burnout and utilization is needed.

Background: Burst-patterned pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) in an animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD) yields significantly prolonged therapeutic benefit compared to conventional continuous DBS, but its value in patients remains unclear., Objectives: The aims were to evaluate the safety and tolerability of acute (<2 hours) burst DBS in PD patients and to evaluate preliminary clinical effectiveness relative to conventional DBS., Methods: Six PD patients were studied with DBS OFF, conventional DBS, and burst DBS. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS-III) and proactive inhibition (using stop-signal task) were evaluated for each condition., Results: Burst and conventional DBS were equally tolerated without significant adverse events. Both stimulation patterns provided equivalent significant UPDRS-III reduction and increased proactive inhibition relative to DBS OFF., Conclusions: This pilot study supports the safety and tolerability of burst DBS, with acute effects similar to conventional DBS. Further larger-scale studies are warranted given the potential benefits of burst DBS due to decreased total energy delivery. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society., (© 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.)

Objective: Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that more (vs. less) sexually active individuals tend to be mentally and physically healthier, but little is known about the proximal mechanisms underlying such associations., Method: We analyzed two experience sampling data sets ( N = 8,452, 66,181 observations; 72% male, age M = 46.42, 76% White) to examine changes in sleep, cardiovascular responses, and affect in the morning following sex, putative processes implicated in long-term mental and physical health benefits of sex., Results: Consistent with previous findings, our results showed significant between-person associations, suggesting more positive daily health outcomes for more sexually active individuals. Further, we found significant within-person associations suggesting that when people reported having (vs. not having) sex the previous night, they experienced better sleep quality, fewer sleep disturbances and shorter wake after sleep onset, lower blood pressure, less stress, more positive affect, and better coping in the morning. None of these associations were moderated by gender or relationship status., Conclusions: Our findings provide novel evidence suggesting short-term psychological and physiological benefits of sex, which may accrue to create better health over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Aim: To analyse the effects of an individualized telehealth home programme on the performance of functional goals of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) during the COVID-19 pandemic., Method: A prospective single-group intervention study with children/adolescents with CP (n = 144; median age = 92 months [Q 1  = 44.0, Q 3  = 148.8]; 74 males, 70 females), representing all Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels participated in a 4-month home programme in Brazil. An interdisciplinary team encouraged families to choose a functional goal to be trained. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was used at pre-intervention (T 1 ), post-intervention (T 2 ), and 3-month follow-up (T 3 ). The differences in COPM scores at T 1 , T 2 , and T 3 were evaluated using Friedman's test. The effect size was calculated using Cohen's d. Univariate analysis was included., Results: Significant improvements were observed after the intervention, with maintenance of scores after 3 months (p < 0.001, d performance  = 1.33; d satisfaction  = 1.31). None of the tested variables (child's abilities, age, caregiver's educational level, perception of family-centredness, and type of goal) were significantly related to the change scores., Interpretation: The individualized remote telehealth home programme can be a potential intervention, especially for children with CP classified in GMFCS levels IV and V. Also, this intervention provided a possible solution to help some children and their families in performing prioritized functional goals during the pandemic period., (© 2024 Mac Keith Press.)

Background: Socioeconomic status has been demonstrated to be an important prognostic risk factor among patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. We evaluated patients living near neighborhoods with higher socioeconomic risk undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and if they were associated with differences in the following: (1) medical complications; (2) emergency department (ED) utilizations; (3) readmissions; and (4) costs of care., Methods: A query of a national database from 2010 to 2020 was performed for primary TKAs. The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is a weighted index comprised of 17 census-based markers of material deprivation and poverty. Higher numbers indicate a greater disadvantage. Patients undergoing TKA in zip codes associated with high ADI (90%+) were 1:1 propensity-matched to a comparison group by age, sex, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index. This yielded 225,038 total patients, evenly matched between cohorts. Outcomes studied included complications, ED utilizations, readmission rates, and 90-day costs. Logistic regression models computed the odds ratios (OR) of ADI on the dependent variables. P values less than .003 were significant., Results: High ADI led to higher rates and odds of any medical complications (11.7 versus 11.0%; OR: 1.05, P = .0006), respiratory failures (0.4 versus 0.3%; OR: 1.28, P = .001), and acute kidney injuries (1.7 versus 1.5%; OR: 1.15, P < .0001). Despite lower readmission rates (2.9 versus 3.5%), high ADI patients had greater 90-day ED visits (4.2 versus 4.0%; OR: 1.07, P = .0008). The 90-day expenditures ($15,066 versus $12,459; P < .0001) were higher in patients who have a high ADI., Conclusions: Socioeconomically disadvantaged patients have increased complications and ED utilizations. Neighborhood disadvantage may inform health care policy and improve postdischarge care. The socioeconomic status metrics, including ADI (which captures community effects), should be used to adequately risk-adjust or risk-stratify patients so that access to care for deprived regions and patients is not lost., Level of Evidence: III., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) adverse events among patients who have dental diagnoses remain unclear. We sought to determine if dental caries or dental implant placements increased (1) 90-day medical complications, (2) 90-day readmissions, and (3) 2-year implant-related complications, including periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) after THA., Methods: A nationwide database for primary THAs from 2010 to 2021 was queried to compare 3 patient cohorts. Patients who had a history of dental implants or caries within 12 months prior to THA (n = 1,179) or 12 months after THA (n = 1,218) were case-matched to patients who did not have dental history (n = 6,090) by age and comorbidities. Outcomes included 90-day complications, 90-day readmissions, and 2-year implant-related complications. Logistic regression models computed the odds ratios (ORs) of complications and readmissions. P values less than .006 were significant., Results: Patients who had dental caries or implant placement 12 months before or after THA experienced 1.6-fold greater odds of 90-day medical complications compared to case-matched patients. Readmissions within 90 days increased for patients who had a dental history before (11.7% versus 8.3%; OR: 1.49, P < .0001) and after (14.2% versus 8.3%; OR: 1.84, P < .0001) THA compared to case-matched patients. A dental caries diagnosis or dental implant placement within 12 months following THA increased 2-year implant complications compared to case-matched patients (15.2% versus 9.3%; OR: 1.69, P < .0001), including PJIs (5.3% versus 2.8%; OR: 1.98, P < .0001), dislocations (4.4% versus 2.7%; OR: 1.63, P = .002), and THA revisions (3.9% versus 2.5%; OR: 1.61, P = .005)., Conclusions: Dental diagnoses within 12 months of THA are associated with increased medical complications. Dental diagnoses occurring 12 months after THA are associated with greater implant-related complications, including PJIs. Delaying invasive dental procedures for 12 months after THA may be advisable., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Few studies have evaluated preoperative depression screenings in patients who have depression. We studied whether depression screenings before total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were associated with lower: 1) medical complications; 2) emergency department (ED) utilizations and readmissions; 3) implant complications; and 4) costs., Methods: A nationwide sample from January 1, 2010, to April 30, 2021, was collected using an insurance database. Depression patients were 1:1 propensity-score matched based on those who had (n = 29,009) and did not have (n = 29,009) preoperative depression screenings or psychotherapy visits within 3 months of TKA. A case-matched population who did not have depression was compared (n = 144,994). A 90-day period was used to compare complications and health-care utilization and 2-year follow-up for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) and implant survivorship. Costs were 90-day reimbursements. Logistic regression models computed odds ratios (ORs) of depression screening on dependent variables. P values less than .001 were significant., Results: Patients who did not receive preoperative screening were associated with higher medical complications (18.7 versus 5.2%, OR: 4.15, P < .0001) and ED utilizations (11.5 versus 3.2%, OR: 3.93, P < .0001) than depressed patients who received screening. Patients who had screening had lower medical complications (5.2 versus 5.9%, OR: 0.88, P < .0001) and ED utilizations compared to patients who did not have depression (3.2 versus 3.8%, OR: 0.87, P = .0001). Two-year PJI incidences (3.0 versus 1.3%, OR: 2.63, P < .0001) and TKA revisions (4.3 versus 2.1%, OR: 2.46, P < .0001) were greater in depression patients who were not screened preoperatively versus screened patients. Depression patients who had screening had lower PJIs (1.3 versus 1.8%, OR: 0.74, P < .0001) compared to nondepressed patients. Reimbursements ($13,949 versus $11,982; P < .0001) were higher in depression patients who did not have screening., Conclusions: Preoperative screening was associated with improved outcomes in depression patients., Level of Evidence: III., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Amid heightened political polarization in the United States, have politics worked their way into the bedroom? An increase in political similarity between romantic partners has consequences not just for romantic relationships but for society as a whole; political homophily increases our political echo chambers and affects future generations. We drew upon 11 data sets with over 4,000 individuals (including more than 500 couples) to test four preregistered research questions about the prevalence, correlates, consequences, and potential buffers of political dissimilarity in modern-day relationships. Across measures of similarity (overall perceptions, partisanship matching, shared political ideology), couples in our sample showed high levels of political similarity (e.g., 23% were cross-partisan, with fewer than 8% composed of one Democrat and one Republican). Examining 18 potential correlates of political dissimilarity, we found little evidence that certain factors predispose people to end up in a politically dissimilar relationship. When considering the potential consequences of political dissimilarity, we found a small association between political dissimilarity and relationship quality in general and in daily life. The effect was evident when examining perceived political dissimilarity (over and above perceptions of overall similarity) and, to a lesser extent, dissimilarity in terms of partisanship and political ideology. Prosocial processes such as appreciation and perspective-taking may moderate these effects. Taken together, these findings speak to the need to further consider the ways in which the sociopolitical context is shaping the formation and maintenance of close relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Aim: To compare bimanual coordination in children with bilateral cerebral palsy (BCP) with that of children with typical development (TD) and correlate bimanual coordination with clinical measures of hand function., Methods: 3-D kinematic data were collected from 14 children with BCP (mean age 13 years 1 month; range 7.3-17.2 years, 5 females) and 14 age-matched children with TD (mean age 13 years 1 month, range 7.0-16.0 years, 7 females) as they opened a drawer with one hand and activated a switch inside it with the other hand at self-paced and as-fast-as-possible speeds. Hand roles varied in each condition. Participants' hand function levels were classified using the Manual Ability Classification System. Unimanual dexterity and bimanual performance were evaluated using the Box and Blocks Test and Both Hands Assessment respectively., Results: Participants with BCP performed the bimanual task more slowly ( p < 0.001) and sequentially, as evidenced by greater time differences between the two hands achieving the end goal ( p = 0.01). Faster speeds, particularly when the less affected hand opened the drawer, facilitated time-related measures of bimanual coordination ( p  < 0.05). Bimanual coordination correlated with all clinical measures of hand function ( p < 0.05)., Conclusion: For children with BCP, speed and hand used for each subcomponent of the task influence bimanual coordination. Better bimanual coordination is associated with less impairment of both hands.