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Single Event Transients (SETs), i.e., voltage glitches induced in combinational logic as a result of the passage of energetic particles, represent an increasingly critical reliability threat for modern complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits (ICs) employed in space missions. In rad-hard ICs implemented with standard digital cells, special design techniques should be applied to reduce the Soft Error Rate (SER) due to SETs. To this end, it is essential to consider the SET robustness of individual standard cells. Among the wide range of logic cells available in standard cell libraries, the standard delay cells (SDCs) implemented with the skew-sized inverters are exceptionally vulnerable to SETs. Namely, the SET pulses induced in these cells may be hundreds of picoseconds longer than those in other standard cells. In this work, an alternative design of a SDC based on two inverters and two decoupling capacitors is introduced. Electrical simulations have shown that the propagation delay and SET robustness of the proposed delay cell are strongly influenced by the transistor sizes and supply voltage, while the impact of temperature is moderate. The proposed design is more tolerant to SETs than the SDCs with skew-sized inverters, and occupies less area compared to the hardening configurations based on partial and complete duplication. Due to the low transistor count (only six transistors), the proposed delay cell could also be used as a SET filter.

This work was conducted in the framework of ELICSIR project funded by the European Union H2020 Programme, under the grant agreement No. 857558., Instruments for measuring the absorbed dose and dose rate under radiation exposure, known as radiation dosimeters, are indispensable in space missions. They are composed of radiation sensors that generate current or voltage response when exposed to ionizing radiation, and processing electronics for computing the absorbed dose and dose rate. Among a wide range of existing radiation sensors, the Radiation Sensitive Field Effect Transistors (RADFETs) have unique advantages for absorbed dose measurement, and a proven record of successful exploitation in space missions. It has been shown that the RADFETs may be also used for the dose rate monitoring. In that regard, we propose a unique design concept that supports the simultaneous operation of a single RADFET as absorbed dose and dose rate monitor. This enables to reduce the cost of implementation, since the need for other types of radiation sensors can be minimized or eliminated. For processing the RADFET’s response we propose a readout system composed of analog signal conditioner (ASC) and a self-adaptive multiprocessing system-on-chip (MPSoC). The soft error rate of MPSoC is monitored in real time with embedded sensors, allowing the autonomous switching between three operating modes (high-performance, de-stress and fault-tolerant), according to the application requirements and radiation conditions., European Commission 857558

The bulk built-in current sensor (BBICS) is a cost-effective solution for detection of energetic particle strikes in integrated circuits. With an appropriate number of BBICSs distributed across the chip, the soft error locations can be identified, and the dynamic fault-tolerant mechanisms can be activated locally to correct the soft errors in the affected logic. In this work, we introduce a pulse stretching BBICS (PS-BBICS) constructed by connecting a standard BBICS and a custom-designed pulse stretching cell. The aim of PS-BBICS is to enable the on-chip measurement of the single event transient (SET) pulse width, allowing to detect the linear energy transfer (LET) of incident particles, and thus assess more accurately the radiation conditions. Based on Spectre simulations, we have shown that for the LET from 1 to 100 MeV cm2 mg−1, the SET pulse width detected by PS-BBICS varies by 620–800 ps. The threshold LET of PS-BBICS increases linearly with the number of monitored inverters, and it is around 1.7 MeV cm2 mg−1 for ten monitored inverters. On the other hand, the SET pulse width is independent of the number of monitored inverters for LET > 4 MeV cm2 mg−1. It was shown that supply voltage, temperature and process variations have strong impact on the response of PS-BBICS.

Objective To characterize the early disease course in childhood-onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) and the 12-month outcomes in children with AAV. Methods Eligible subjects were children entered into the Pediatric Vasculitis Initiative study who were diagnosed before their eighteenth birthday as having granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's), microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss), or ANCA-positive pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. The primary outcome measure was achievement of disease remission (Pediatric Vasculitis Activity Score [PVAS] of 0) at 12 months with a corticosteroid dosage of

Objective To uniquely classify children with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), to describe their demographic characteristics, presenting clinical features, and initial treatments in comparison to patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA). Methods The European Medicines Agency (EMA) classification algorithm was applied by computation to categorical data from patients recruited to the ARChiVe (A Registry for Childhood Vasculitis: e-entry) cohort, with the data censored to November 2015. The EMA algorithm was used to uniquely distinguish children with MPA from children with GPA, whose diagnoses had been classified according to both adult- and pediatric-specific criteria. Descriptive statistics were used for comparisons. Results In total, 231 of 440 patients (64% female) fulfilled the classification criteria for either MPA (n = 48) or GPA (n = 183). The median time to diagnosis was 1.6 months in the MPA group and 2.1 months in the GPA group (ranging to 39 and 73 months, respectively). Patients with MPA were significantly younger than those with GPA (median age 11 years versus 14 years). Constitutional features were equally common between the groups. In patients with MPA compared to those with GPA, pulmonary manifestations were less frequent (44% versus 74%) and less severe (primarily, hemorrhage, requirement for supplemental oxygen, and pulmonary failure). Renal pathologic features were frequently found in both groups (75% of patients with MPA versus 83% of patients with GPA) but tended toward greater severity in those with MPA (primarily, nephrotic-range proteinuria, requirement for dialysis, and end-stage renal disease). Airway/eye involvement was absent among patients with MPA, because these GPA-defining features preclude a diagnosis of MPA within the EMA algorithm. Similar proportions of patients with MPA and those with GPA received combination therapy with corticosteroids plus cyclophosphamide (69% and 78%, respectively) or both drugs in combination with plasmapheresis (19% and 22%, respectively). Other treatments administered, ranging in decreasing frequency from 13% to 3%, were rituximab, methotrexate, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil. Conclusion Younger age at disease onset and, perhaps, both gastrointestinal manifestations and more severe kidney disease seem to characterize the clinical profile in children with MPA compared to those with GPA. Delay in diagnosis suggests that recognition of these systemic vasculitides is suboptimal. Compared with adults, initial treatment regimens in children were comparable, but the complete reversal of female-to-male disease prevalence ratios is a provocative finding.

Background Sepsis and severe focal infections represent a substantial disease burden in children admitted to hospital. We aimed to understand the burden of disease and outcomes in children with life-threatening bacterial infections in Europe. Methods The European Union Childhood Life-threatening Infectious Disease Study (EUCLIDS) was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study done in six countries in Europe. Patients aged 1 month to 18 years with sepsis (or suspected sepsis) or severe focal infections, admitted to 98 participating hospitals in the UK, Austria, Germany, Lithuania, Spain, and the Netherlands were prospectively recruited between July 1, 2012, and Dec 31, 2015. To assess disease burden and outcomes, we collected demographic and clinical data using a secured web-based platform and obtained microbiological data using locally available clinical diagnostic procedures. Findings 2844 patients were recruited and included in the analysis. 1512 (53·2%) of 2841 patients were male and median age was 39·1 months (IQR 12·4–93·9). 1229 (43·2%) patients had sepsis and 1615 (56·8%) had severe focal infections. Patients diagnosed with sepsis had a median age of 27·6 months (IQR 9·0–80·2), whereas those diagnosed with severe focal infections had a median age of 46·5 months (15·8–100·4; pInterpretation Mortality in children admitted to hospital for sepsis or severe focal infections is low in Europe. The disease burden is mainly in children younger than 5 years and is largely due to vaccine-preventable meningococcal and pneumococcal infections. Despite the availability and application of clinical procedures for microbiological diagnosis, the causative organism remained unidentified in approximately 50% of patients.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), including the ‘variant’ Omenn syndrome (OS), represent a heterogeneous group of monogenic disorders characterized by defect in differentiation of T- and/or B lymphocytes and susceptibility to infections since birth. In the period of 25 years, between January 1986 and December 2010, a total of 21 patients (15 SCID, 6 OS) were diagnosed in Mother & Child Health Institute of Serbia, a tertiary-care teaching University hospital and a national referral center for patients affected with primary immunodeficiency (PID). The diagnoses were based on anamnestic data, clinical findings, and immunological and genetic analysis. The median age at the onset of the first infection was the 2nd month of life. Seven (33 %) patients had positive family history for SCID. Out of five male infants with T-B+NK- SCID phenotype, mutation analysis revealed interleukin-2 (common) gamma-chain receptor (IL2RG) mutations in 3 with positive X-linked family history, and Janus-kinase (JAK)-3 gene defects in the other two. Six patients had T-B-NK+ SCID phenotype and further 6 features of OS, 11 of which had recombinase-activating gene (RAG1or RAG2) and 1 Artemis gene mutations. One child with T+B+NK+ SCID phenotype as well had proven RAG mutation. One child each with T-B+NK+ SCID phenotype, CD8 lymphopenia and unknown phenotype remained without known underlying genetic defect. Of the eight patients who underwent hematopoetic stem cell transplant (HSCT) 5 survived, the other 13 died between 2 days and 12 months after diagnosis was made. Early diagnosis of SCID, before onset of severe infections, offers possibility for HSCT and cure. Education of primary-care pediatricians, in particular including awareness of the risk of using live vaccines and non-irradiated blood products, should improve prognosis of SCID in our setting.

In immunocompromized patients, including hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, life-threatening toxoplasmosis may result from reactivation of previous infection. We report a case of severe disseminated toxoplasmosis that developed early after allogeneic HSCT for T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma in a 15-year-old Toxoplasma gondii -seropositive boy with Nijmegen breakage syndrome, a rare genetic DNA repair disorder associated with immunodeficiency. The donor was the patient's HLA-identical brother. Prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole was discontinued a day before the HSCT procedure. Signs of lung infection appeared as early as day 14 post-HSCT. The presence of tachyzoite-like structures on Giemsa-stained bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid smears suggested toxoplasmosis. Real-time PCR targeted at the T. gondii AF146527 gene revealed extremely high parasite burdens in both blood and BAL fluid. Although immediate introduction of specific treatment resulted in a marked reduction of the parasite load and transient clinical improvement, the patient deteriorated and died of multiple organ failure on day 39 post-HSCT. Direct genotyping of T. gondii DNA from blood and BAL fluid with the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method revealed type II alleles with SAG1 , SAG2 , and GRA6 markers but alleles of both type I and type II with GRA7 . Additional analysis with 15 microsatellite markers showed that the T. gondii DNA was atypical and genetically divergent from that of the clonal type I, II, and III strains. This is the first report of increased clinical severity of toxoplasmosis associated with an atypical strain in the setting of immunosuppression, which emphasizes the need to diagnose and monitor toxoplasmosis by quantitative molecular methods in cases of reactivation risk.

An experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the feasibility of a current mode gamma radiation dosimeter, consisting of a commercial PIN photodiode as a radiation sensor, and a custom made auto-ranging electrometer for real-time measurement of the PIN photodiode’s response under radiation exposure. The radiation induced direct current response for single PIN photodiodes with different active areas, as well as for multiple PIN photodiodes connected in parallel, has been investigated. Three types of commercial silicon PIN photodiodes have been chosen for evaluation - S1223, BPW34, and PS100-6-CER2 PIN. During the experiment, five samples have been tested - three samples made of single PIN photodiodes (one sample of each photodiode type) and two samples formed by connecting multiple photodiodes in parallel (two BPW34 photodiodes in parallel and four BPW34 photodiodes in parallel). The samples have been irradiated with a 60Co gamma ray source and the relations between the induced photocurrent and the dose rate, and between the accumulated charge and the absorbed dose, have been determined. For measuring the photodiodes response, a custom made auto-ranging electrometer controlled by a personal computer, and capable of measuring direct currents from 50 pA to 10 mA with relative error less than 2.5%, has been used. Obtained results have shown very good linearity between the dose rate and the induced photocurrent for dose rates ranging from 0.93 Gy/h to 67 Gy/h. Also, very good linearity has been observed between the accumulated charge and the absorbed dose for all tested samples, within the investigated range of absorbed doses from 472 mGy to 3.3 Gy. On the basis of the obtained results, a simple model has been derived, enabling the estimation of the photodiode’s current response as a function of the dose rate and the photodiode’s geometry (active area and depletion layer width). [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 43011]

To uniquely classify children with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), to describe their demographic characteristics, presenting clinical features, and initial treatments in comparison to patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA).The European Medicines Agency (EMA) classification algorithm was applied by computation to categorical data from patients recruited to the ARChiVe (A Registry for Childhood Vasculitis: e-entry) cohort, with the data censored to November 2015. The EMA algorithm was used to uniquely distinguish children with MPA from children with GPA, whose diagnoses had been classified according to both adult- and pediatric-specific criteria. Descriptive statistics were used for comparisons.In total, 231 of 440 patients (64% female) fulfilled the classification criteria for either MPA (n = 48) or GPA (n = 183). The median time to diagnosis was 1.6 months in the MPA group and 2.1 months in the GPA group (ranging to 39 and 73 months, respectively). Patients with MPA were significantly younger than those with GPA (median age 11 years versus 14 years). Constitutional features were equally common between the groups. In patients with MPA compared to those with GPA, pulmonary manifestations were less frequent (44% versus 74%) and less severe (primarily, hemorrhage, requirement for supplemental oxygen, and pulmonary failure). Renal pathologic features were frequently found in both groups (75% of patients with MPA versus 83% of patients with GPA) but tended toward greater severity in those with MPA (primarily, nephrotic-range proteinuria, requirement for dialysis, and end-stage renal disease). Airway/eye involvement was absent among patients with MPA, because these GPA-defining features preclude a diagnosis of MPA within the EMA algorithm. Similar proportions of patients with MPA and those with GPA received combination therapy with corticosteroids plus cyclophosphamide (69% and 78%, respectively) or both drugs in combination with plasmapheresis (19% and 22%, respectively). Other treatments administered, ranging in decreasing frequency from 13% to 3%, were rituximab, methotrexate, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil.Younger age at disease onset and, perhaps, both gastrointestinal manifestations and more severe kidney disease seem to characterize the clinical profile in children with MPA compared to those with GPA. Delay in diagnosis suggests that recognition of these systemic vasculitides is suboptimal. Compared with adults, initial treatment regimens in children were comparable, but the complete reversal of female-to-male disease prevalence ratios is a provocative finding.

Forecasting changes in the environment, creating preventive actions and defining the corresponding measures are in the focus of contemporary scientific researches in the area of sustainable environmental management.An essential part of preventive thinking is consideration of the concept of environmental capacity.The aim of this study is to examine determinants of environmental capacity, vulnerability and resilience based on the principles of sustainable development.The study is based on observing relevant components and structure of the environmental capacity, vulnerability and resilience concept.In that sense, this paperwork represents an assay to highlight the basic attributes of the abovementioned concept, and to identify the specific linkages between them. Key words: environmental capacity, determinants, management.

Maghsoudi, Behzad/0000-0002-1279-8799; Kritsotakis, Evangelos/0000-0002-9526-3852; Yalcin, Ata Nevzat/0000-0002-7243-7354; Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz, Malgorzata A/0000-0002-1148-7817; ALDEMIR KOCABAS, Bilge/0000-0002-6396-5243; Masjedi, Mohammad Reza/0000-0002-6871-382X; Masjedi, Mansoor/0000-0001-6175-9289; Gan, Chin Seng/0000-0002-6758-4798; Oncul, Oral/0000-0002-1681-1866; Sabetian, Golnar/0000-0001-8764-2150; YAMAN, Ayhan/0000-0002-5651-1286; Ozdemir, Halil/0000-0002-7318-1688; Leon, Hector Armando Rincon/0000-0003-0715-200X; Delia, Muntean/0000-0001-9100-4530; Atasay, Fatma Begum/0000-0002-9114-5293; Zand, Farid/0000-0003-3489-3372; Kuchenbecker, Ricardo/0000-0002-4707-3683; Medeiros, Eduardo A/0000-0002-6205-259X; ROMERO LOPEZ-ALBERCA, CRISTINA/0000-0001-5856-8668; Salomao, Reinaldo/0000-0003-1149-4598; ozdemir, sonay incesoy/0000-0003-2863-901X; Meco, Basak Ceyda/0000-0003-2951-9634; Horoz, Ozden Ozgur/0000-0001-7590-650X; Horhat, Florin George/0000-0001-6133-0204; Kazi, Mohammad Mukhit/0000-0003-3824-5540; Ciftci, Ergin/0000-0002-4955-160X; Abouqal, Redouane/0000-0002-6117-4341; Leblebicioglu, Hakan/0000-0002-6033-8543; Garcell, Humberto Guanche/0000-0001-7279-0062; Kendirli, Tanil/0000-0001-9458-2803; de Souza, Maria Cecilia B V/0000-0003-0318-3087; Sanaei Dashti, Anahita/0000-0002-2827-3575; UNAL, SERHAT/0000-0003-1184-4711; alvarez Moreno, carlos Arturo/0000-0001-5419-4494; Barahona G., Nayide/0000-0003-3559-6900; Rodriguez Ferrer, Marena Luz/0000-0002-8053-8454; Karabay, Oguz/0000-0003-0502-432X; Kaya, Sehnaz/0000-0003-0002-1517; ERDEVE, OMER/0000-0002-3193-0812; Gonzalez Martinez, Marisela del Rocio/0000-0003-1474-736X; Gikas, Achilleas/0000-0002-8455-9631; Baylan, Orhan/0000-0002-6529-7824; Mitrev, Zan/0000-0001-7859-8821; yildizdas, dincer/0000-0003-0739-5108; Ngo, Quy Chau/0000-0002-6787-2757; Duszynska, Wieslawa/0000-0002-5880-4904; KAYA, ZEYNEP/0000-0002-8468-2103; Dragan, Barbara/0000-0003-3108-4211; Gupta, Umesh/0000-0001-7717-1404; Navarro Fuentes, Karla Reyna/0000-0002-6894-8872; zali, Mohammadreza/0000-0002-9027-4560; Morocho Tutillo, Diego Rolando/0000-0002-4974-7856; El Kholy, Amani/0000-0002-0645-7664; Kanj, Souha/0000-0001-6413-3396; Assiri, Abdullah/0000-0002-5605-2876; Unal, Necmettin/0000-0002-9440-7893; Jayatilleke, Kushlani/0000-0002-3931-6630; KARABAY, OGUZ/0000-0003-1514-1685 WOS: 000341307100001 PubMed: 25179325 We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U. S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN. Copyright (C) 2014 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

UNLABELLED We report different immunological phenotypes in three siblings from consanguineous family with recombinase-activating gene 1 (RAG1) gene mutations. Null mutations of RAG genes result in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) with absent T and B cells. Hypomorphic mutations with retained activity of RAG genes may lead to a 'leaky' SCID with some features of Omenn syndrome (OS) or typical OS. In our three patients, homozygous, hypomorphic RAG1 gene mutation (g.368-369delAA) was detected. Two patients presented with T-B-SCID phenotype while the youngest patient developed T+B+NK+SCID phenotype with expansion of autologous T-cell receptor (TCR) gammadelta-positive T cells, increased immunoglobulin levels and retained ability for antibody production. Similar to originally reported patients with this newly recognized immune phenotype, our patient developed disseminated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and autoimmune cytopenia. CONCLUSION In infants with disseminated cytomegalovirus infection and autoimmune cytopenia, even if basic immunologic investigation appears normal, RAG1 immunodeficiency should be considered.

We report on a 4-year-old boy admitted to our Institute because of fever (39°C) persisting for 8 days. Physical examination showed bilateral conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, lip fissures, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, and polymorphous rash, followed by finger and toe desquamation (see Figure I in the online-only Data Supplement). Diagnosis of Kawasaki disease was made. According to the Kobayashi risk score, our patient had 8 points, predicting treatment unresponsiveness of 71.4%.1 Over the next 2 weeks, the symptoms of acute phase persisted despite treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, as well as retreatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and methyl-prednisolone boluses. In week 4 of the disease, he was given infliximab in a single dose of 5 mg/kg. He became afebrile, and his inflammatory parameters normalized after treatment with infliximab. An initial echocardiography examination performed immediately after the admission showed no specific changes. The second echocardiographic …

Neonatal tetanus is a severe, often fatal disease caused by the toxin Clostridium tetani. Neonatal tetanus is a generalized tetanus, which occurs in a neonate between 3-28 days of life. The findings indicated that tetanus in a newborn of an unvaccinated mother occurred after the application of non-sterile clay to the umbilical cord. This case was a seven-day-old male baby with progressive difficulty in feeding, trismus, hypertonicity, opisthotonos, and heart murmur. The patient was afebrile and eupneic, and had a history of non-sterile home delivery. In the past, the area of Bujanovac, Medvedja and Presevo had been exposed to mass immigration (especially due to the war in the territory of former Yugoslavia), which caused a serious problem for general practitioners, who had to be vigilant and ensure that all patients registered in their practice were fully immunized. This case has provided a clear indication of the necessity for strategies of both vaccination and ensuring hygienic conditions throughout pregnancy and delivery to prevent neonatal tetanus.

Indirect flat panel imagers have been developed for digital radiography, fluoroscopy and mammography, and are now in clinical use. Screens made from columnar structured cesium iodide (CsI) scintillators doped with thallium have been used extensively in these detectors. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of screen optics, e.g., light escape efficiency versus depth, on gain fluctuation noise, expressed as the Swank factor. Our goal is to obtain results useful in optimizing screens for digital radiography systems. Experimental measurements from structured CsI samples were used to derive their screen optics properties, and the same methods can also be applied to powder screens. CsI screens, all of the same thickness but with different optical designs and manufacturing techniques, were obtained from Hamamatsu Photonics Corporation. The pulse height spectra (PHS) of the screens were measured at different x-ray energies. A theoretical model was developed for the light escape efficiency and a method for deriving light escape efficiency versus depth from experimental PHS measurements was implemented and applied to the CsI screens. The results showed that the light escape efficiency varies essentially linearly as a function of depth in the CsI samples, and that the magnitude of variation is relatively small, leading to a high Swank factor.

We report on pediatric patient with clinical and laboratory evidence of pancreatitis at onset of atypical Kawasaki disease (KD). In KD pancreatic inflammation was described previously, but clinical pancreatitis was rarely reported and its true incidence is unknown. In febrile pediatric patients suspected to have KD, but not fulfilling classical diagnostic criteria, signs of pancreatic inflammation may help in making correct diagnosis. Further analysis of cases with atypical KD developing pancreatitis may reveal if signs of pancreatic inflammation can be used as supportive diagnostic finding.

A 10-year-old girl developed an enlargement of parotid and submandibular salivary glands and lymph nodes up to 2.5 cm associated with edema of her upper eyelids. In further follow-up, she developed non-palpable, vasculitic skin lesions. She received cephixime, that co-incided with partial regression of lymph nodes. Re-occurrence of vasculitic lesions with bilateral edema of upper eyelids resembling Miculitz disease was observed. At 7 years of age, she developed asthma requiring the use of bronchodilators. Clinical examination: a 10-year-old girl, pale skin, at the both calves irregularly shaped, livid, painless, vasculitic lesions, 2-3 cm in size. The upper eyelids are swollen. Parotid and submandibular salivary glands and submandibular lymph nodes are enlarged.

The realization and characterization of a compact 64-pixel detector based on CVD-dia- mond is here presented and discussed. Each pixel has been connected to a dedicated multichannel read-out electronics designed for acquisition, conditioning and elaboration of the pixel-signal, al- lowing a real-time beam profile reconstruction of the impinging radiation. The back-side semi- transparent contact was used for diamond sensor biasing. Detector characterization was per- formed under a weak continuous UV light spot obtained at the output of a monochromator illumi- nated by a deuterium lamp. Sensor was also characterized by X-ray illumination evaluating both displacement and broadening of impinging spot. Finally, photodetector response was observed un- der pulsed UV laser light, demonstrating the feasibility of a real-time beam monitoring for such a kind of light source.

The charge collection performance of a diamond-graphite detector is reported. Buried graphite pillars with high aspect ratio were formed inside a single crystal synthetic diamond slab by using a femtosecond IR laser with 200 kHz of repetition rate. Grouped in two series and connected by graphite strips on the surface, eight independent 3D electrodes were used to collect the charge carriers generated by energy deposited in the detector. Collimated 90Sr,Y β -particles were used to test the charge collection in coincidence and self-triggering mode among pillars rows using different irradiation geometries. The charge collected by one pillar row saturates at 1.40±0.02 fC at ±0.67V/ μ m with electrons impinging orthogonally the rows demonstrating a high charge carrier collection efficiency. Key