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The investigation on the effect of adding silane modified chopped E-glass fibre and Aluminium metal wire-mesh into nano silica toughened nylon 6-6 thermoplastic composites on mechanical, drop load impact, fatigue and tribological behaviour is studied in this paper. The primary aim of this research work is to develop a hybrid Nylon 6-6 nanocomposites having high stiffness, toughness and wear resistance. The chopped glass fibre and Al wire-mesh was surface treated with the help of 3-Aminopropyletrimethoxylane (silane) and acid etching. The tensile results revealed that additions of glass fibre and Al mesh into nano - silica toughened nylon 6-6 composite gives improved tensile and flexural strength. Similarly, the Izod impact strength of Al-mesh reinforced nano silica (1vol.%) toughened nylon 6-6 gives superior energy absorption up to 6 Joules/cm. The drop load impact penetration of composite N3 (59% - Nylon 66, 20% - E-glass fibre, 20% - Al wire mesh and 1 % - nano silica) shows very limited penetration than other composites. Highest fatigue life of 16391 cycles was observed for the composite designated N3, which contains 1 vol.% of nano silica, whereas the composite containing 2 vol.% of nano silica gives very lower specific wear rate and Co-efficient of friction. The developed composite which has better modulus, stiffness, wear resistance and fatigue life could be possibly used in automobile power transmission gears, domestic equipment and farm related machineries.

In this report, Al2O3–SiC ceramic composites were produced at 1500 °C by conventional and microwave sintering. For preparing samples, Al2O3 with the second phase x wt.% SiC (x = 5, 10, 15, 20) were milled for 180 min. The milled powders were compacted in uniaxial press at 60 MPa for 30 s and sintered by both the conventional and microwave sintering methods. After sintering, densification, grain size, hardness, fracture toughness, phase variation and microstructure of the samples were examined, and comparisons were made for both the sintering methods. The experimental results revealed that there was an increase in density in the microwave sintering method when compared to conventional sintering. However, it was found that the density decreased in both the conventional and microwave sintering methods when there was an increase in SiC content. The highest relative density of 99.7% was obtained in 5 wt. % SiC composite produced by microwave sintering. With regard to hardness and fracture toughness, in both the microwave and conventional sintering methods, though they increased initially and they decreased when there was an increase in SiC content. The maximum hardness and fracture toughness of 24.6 GPa and 5.7 MPa m1/2, respectively, was obtained in 10 wt. % SiC composite sintered by microwave sintering. In both the sintering processes, X-ray diffraction pattern shows the formation of a SiO2 phase in all four compositions along with Al2O3 and SiC phases in conventional sintering, but in microwave sintering only negligible amount of SiO2 phase formed in 15 and 20 wt.% SiC composites. The crystalline size decreases in microwave sintering than conventional sintering due to shorter sintering time. Uniform agglomeration and fine grains in the range of 2–3.6 μm were formed in microwave sintering, whereas grain size decreases with an increase in the SiC content due to grain boundary pinning due to the intergranular SiC particle. Resumen: Se estudian materiales compuestos de Al2O3–SiC procesados por sinterización convencional a 1500 °C y por microondas. Las mezclas de Al2O3 con la segunda fase x% en peso de SiC (x = 5, 10, 15, 20) se prepararon por molienda en molino de bolas durante 180 minutos, secado y prensado uniaxial a 60 MPa durante 30. En ambos procesos de sinterización, el patrón de difracción de rayos X muestra la formación de fases de SiO2 junto con las fases originales, Al2O3 y SiC, siendo mayor su proporción en los materiales preparados por sinterización convencional y mayores proporciones de SiC. Los materiales sinterizados se caracterizaron en términos de densidad, fases cristalinas, microestructura, tamaño grano, dureza y tenacidad a la fractura Vickers. Se realiza una comparación entre los materiales preparados utilizando ambos métodos de sinterización. La sinterización de microondas proporciono materiales de mayores densidad, dureza y tenacidad que la sinterización convencional. El máximo de densidad se obtuvo para 5% en peso de SiC y los valores disminuyeron para mayores proporciones de segunda fase. Los máximos de dureza y tenacidad a la fractura se obtuvieron para 10% en peso de SiC. Keywords: Al2O3–SiC, Ceramic composite, Microwave, Sintering, Palabras clave: Al2O3–SiC, Compuesto de cerámica, Microondas, Sinterización

Titanium alloys are used as an aerospace material due to their inherent properties such as high strength to weight ratio, corrosion, and fracture resistance. However, the low conductivity and reactivity towards plastic deformation causes these materials to be difficult to cut category. The prediction of various parameters like chip formation and actual cutting forces are important factors for better machinability which involves lot of resources. To overcome such issues, this work proposes three-dimensional FE approach to simulate the machinability behavior of Ti-6Al-4V especially on conventional turning. The impact of cutting speed and feed rate on the cutting force, thrust force, feed force and surface roughness were analyzed experimentally for various conditions. The predicted machining forces showed strong correlation with the experimental results and the effective von mises stress were examined.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of dry cryogenic treatment (CT) temperature and time on the Vickers hardness and wear resistance of new martensitic shape memory (SM) nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy. The null hypothesis tested was that there is no difference in Vickers hardness and wear resistance between SM NiTi alloys following CT under two soaking temperatures and times. Materials and Methods: The composition and the phase transformation behavior of the alloy were examined by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Fifteen cylindrical specimens and 50 sheet specimens were subjected to different CT conditions: Deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) 24 group: −185°C, 24 h; DCT six group: −185°C, 6 h; shallow cryogenic treatment (SCT) 24 group: −80°C, 24 h; SCT six group: −80°C, 6 h; and control group. Wear resistance was assessed from weight loss before and after reciprocatory wet sliding wear. Results: The as-received SM NiTi alloy contained 50.8 wt% nickel and possessed austenite finish temperature (Af) of 45.76°C. Reduction in Vickers hardness of specimens in DCT 24 group was highly significant (P < 0.01; Tukey's honest significant difference [HSD]). The weight loss was significantly higher in DCT 24 group (P < 0.05; Tukey's HSD). Conclusion: Deep dry CT with 24 h soaking period significantly reduces the hardness and wear resistance of SM NiTi alloy.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the cyclic fatigue resistance and cutting efficiency of martensitic shape memory (SM) nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five HyFlex® CM instruments were randomly divided into three groups of 25 each and subjected to different DCT (–185° C) conditions based on soaking time: DCT 24 group: 24 h, DCT 6 group: 6 h, and control group. Each group was randomly subdivided for evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance in custom-made artificial canals (n = 15) and cutting efficiency in plexiglass simulators (n = 10). The cyclic fatigue resistance was measured by calculating the number of cycles to failure (NCF) and cutting efficiency was measured using the loss of weight method. Results: Increase in NCF of instruments in DCT 24 group was highly significant (P < 0.01; Tukey's honest significant difference). There was no difference in weight loss of plexiglass simulators in all the groups (P > 0.05; one-way analysis of variance). In conclusion, deep dry cryogenic treatment with 24 h soaking time significantly increases the cyclic fatigue resistance without affecting the cutting efficiency of SM NiTi endodontic instruments. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five HyFlex® CM instruments were randomly divided into three groups of 25 each and subjected to different DCT (–185° C) conditions based on soaking time: DCT 24 group: 24 h, DCT 6 group: 6 h, and control group. Each group was randomly subdivided for evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance in custom-made artificial canals (n = 15) and cutting efficiency in plexiglass simulators (n = 10). The cyclic fatigue resistance was measured by calculating the number of cycles to failure (NCF) and cutting efficiency was measured using the loss of weight method. Results: Increase in NCF of instruments in DCT 24 group was highly significant (P < 0.01; Tukey's honest significant difference). There was no difference in weight loss of plexiglass simulators in all the groups (P > 0.05; one-way analysis of variance). In conclusion, deep dry cryogenic treatment with 24 h soaking time significantly increases the cyclic fatigue resistance without affecting the cutting efficiency of SM NiTi endodontic instruments.