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The paper presents a novel LoRa-based IIoT system for monitoring the underground coal mine environment. Additionally, a new adaptive data rate algorithm for mesh network topology is proposed to optimize the data rate and maximize the coverage distance. Maximum coverage distance is achieved with a minimum number of repeaters. However, unlike previous works, the current work takes into account the power constraints in the underground coal mine environment, and most low-power consumption system is presented with an intelligent design approach. The implementation of the proposed adaptive data rate algorithm achieves 1.46 Kbps data rate at spreading factor 9, bandwidth 125 KHz, and transmitted power 11 dBm and extended the battery life of the deployed end nodes. The deployed end nodes achieved a maximum of 180 m under diffused line-of-sight condition at the roadway region of the operational mine. The relevant parameters are measured from the operational mine. Finally, the hardware is fabricated and the proposed system is validated in an operational underground coal mine.

Heavy commercial vehicles (HCVs) are pivotal to India's economy, but are also significant sources of air pollution. To address this issue, the Indian government implemented Bharat stage VI (BS-VI) emission standards in 2020. Research gap regarding realistic inputs for annual vehicle kilometres and survival rate of HCVs has been identified. The HCV sector is categorized into long-haul vehicles (32 t and above, with higher annual vehicle usage and survival rates) and pick-up and delivery HCV trucks (16–32 t, with relatively lower annual vehicle usage and survival rates). Based on the primary research by taking into account the inputs from various stakeholders regarding annual vehicle kilometres and survival rates subject to vehicle type and emission standards, an HCV emission inventory for India has been developed for regulated pollutants (NOx, PM2.5, and CO) till 2035. We assume no additional external technological or policy interventions, except the anticipated shift to Bharat stage VII (BS-VII) standards by 2027. Key findings reveal that the on-road HCV population is projected to marginally increase (6.5%) by 2035 compared to 2020. However, there is a notable 97% surge in goods transport tonnage by 2035, indicating more efficient commercial vehicle usage, especially in the heavier category (32 t and above). Crucially, annual emissions of NOx, PM2.5, and CO from the HCV segment are expected to peak in 2020, and decline significantly by 2035. Emissions are projected to decrease by 91.5% (NOx), 96.6% (PM2.5), and 97.6% (CO) compared to 2020 levels due to the introduction of BS-VI standards in 2020 and the anticipated adoption of BS-VII standards in 2027. This study is instrumental in defining base emission inventory till 2035 for any further policy evaluation for the HCV segment for reducing air pollution and enhancing environmental sustainability.

Background: Despite its six-hour half-life, Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid with therapeutic benefits, has low water solubility and bioavailability. This limits treatment. This study improved hesperidin solubility and dissolution by making solid dispersions using appropriate carriers. Methodology: Solid dispersions of hesperidin were prepared using two methods: kneading and solvent evaporation. The carriers utilized in the study were polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) and mannitol. The formulations were evaluated based on various parameters, including yield, solubility, dissolution rate, drug content, and structural analysis using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Results: Solid dispersions yielded 81.2% to 97.5% by weight and included 93.7% to 98.4% drug content. Hesperidin's solubility increased 3.72- to 24.05-fold, with a maximum drug release of 64.06% within 30 minutes. Comparatively, formulations with mannitol as the carrier demonstrated higher solubility (24.05 times) and dissolution (54.06%) than those containing PVP K30 (20.16 times and 34.36%). Discussion: Different carriers alter hesperidin solubility and dissolution. Mannitol improved drug release more than PVP K30. XRD and DSC experiments showed hesperidin's crystalline character changed in solid dispersions, possibly explaining its improved dissolving. IR spectroscopy showed physical dispersion because medication and carriers did not interact chemically. Conclusion: The study showed that solid dispersing hesperidin improves its solubility and dissolution. Drug release was greater with mannitol than with PVP K30. Solid dispersion formulations may improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble medicines like hesperidin.

Background and Objectives: Meningoencephalitis encompasses the coexistence of meningitis and encephalitis in different proportions. This study aimed to delineate the clinical profile, laboratory parameters, radiological features, and outcome predictors of patients with meningoencephalitis. Methods: This prospective, observational, and descriptive study was conducted from July 2021 to March 2023. Patients satisfying the case definition of “meningitis” and “encephalitis” were enrolled. Mortality and morbidity (by modified Rankin Score [mRS]) were noted at discharge and at 1 and 3 months post-discharge. Results: Of 102 patients recruited, among infectious meningoencephalitis cases, 28 (27.5%) were viral, 11 (10.8%) were pyogenic, 32 (31.4%) were tubercular, four (3.9%) each were rickettsial, atypical bacterial, and fungal, and three (2.9%) were parasitic. Among noninfectious etiologies, 12 (11.8%) were antineuronal antibody mediated, three (2.9%) had systemic inflammatory etiology, and one (1%) had carcinomatous meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed the highest protein content (336.82 ± 251.26 mg/dL) and cell count (476.73 ± 999.16/mm3) in pyogenic followed by tubercular (200.29 ± 174.28/mm3) meningoencephalitis. CSF glucose was lowest in tubercular group (38.30 ± 20.29 mg/dL). Imaging showed leptomeningeal enhancement predominantly in tubercular group (89.7%) and limbic involvement in viral etiology (38.5%). Overall mortality was highest in fungal and rickettsial groups (three out of four patients died at 1 month in each group). Pyogenic, atypical bacterial, and systemic inflammatory meningoencephalitis had maximum temporal improvement in mRS at 1 month, while tubercular, viral, and antineuronal antibody-mediated meningoencephalitis had decrease of at least 1 mRS at 3 months. Fever, altered sensorium, speech disturbances, neck stiffness, albumin, total leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, kidney and liver function tests showed significant association with mortality. Conclusions: Tubercular, followed by viral meningoencephalitis, was the most common cause in our center in western India. Pyogenic, atypical bacterial, and systemic inflammatory groups had the best recovery at discharge, while fungal and rickettsial meningoencephalitis groups had worst mRS at 3 months.

Lupus vulgaris (LV) is the most common form of cutaneous tuberculosis seen in India. It is a chronic and progressive infectious disease that is seen in a person with moderate to high degree of immunity. It usually originates from an underlying focus that may be present in a bone, joint, or a lymph node. It may arise by contiguous spread of the disease from underlying affected tissue, by hematogenous or by lymphatic spread. The most common sites of presentation in India are the extremities and trunk. LV of the knee is an uncommon site and is seldom reported. Here, we present the case of an 8-year-old boy with LV over the right knee.

Background: It is documented that COVID-19 survivors have prolonged morbidity and functional impairment for many years. Data regarding post-COVID-19 lung functions is lacking from the Indian population. We aim to evaluate the lung functions in such patients after 3–6 months of hospital discharge. Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients were assessed 3 to 6 months post-discharge and underwent standardized pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and CT Thorax if required. The following parameters were measured and correlated with the disease severity: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the First Second (FEV1), Forced Expiratory Flows at 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25%-75%), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) and FEV1/FVC. Results: A total of 52 post-COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the study, with a median age of 43 years (78.8% males). 44.2% of patients had mild disease, 26.9% had moderate disease and 23.1% had severe disease at hospital admission. A restrictive pattern was seen in 20.8% of patients. The mean value of FEV1 and FVC decreased as the disease severity increased. FEV1: mild-3.21 ± 0.71, moderate-2.62 ± 0.61 and severe- 2.51 ± 0.72, P = 0.02; FVC: mild-3.69 ± 0.81, moderate-3.04 ± 0.71 and severe- 2.93 ± 0.87, P = 0.02. After adjusting the confounding factors, the mean pulmonary function values were lower in the patients who required oxygen support, with a significant difference in FEV1, FVC, PEF and FEF 25–75% with P values of 0.025, 0.046, 0.028 and 0.007, respectively. 66.67% had abnormal HRCT findings. Age and high LDH were correlated with HRCT abnormality with P values of 0.015 and 0.024. Age >50 years was found to be an independent predictor of the subsequent development of abnormality on the HRCT thorax. Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, which required oxygen, especially severe disease at the time of hospitalization, had a higher rate of abnormal spirometry than patients with mild symptoms. Follow-up CT scans obtained within six months of disease onset showed abnormalities in more than half of patients, particularly elderly patients.

Abstract This study highlights the increasing demand for battery-operated applications, particularly electric vehicles (EVs), necessitating the development of more efficient Battery Management Systems (BMS), particularly lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in energy storage systems (ESS). This research addresses some of the key limitations of current BMS technologies, with a focus on accurately predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of batteries, which is a critical factor for ensuring operational efficiency and sustainability. Real-time data are collected from sensors via an Internet of Things (IoT) device and processed using Arduino Nano, which extracts values for input into a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. This model employs the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Li-battery dataset and current, voltage temperature, and cycle values to predict the battery RUL. The proposed model demonstrates significant forecasting precision, attaining a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.01173, outperforming all comparative models. This improvement facilitates more effective decision-making in BMS, particularly in resource allocation and adaptability to transient conditions. However, the practical implementation of real-time data acquisition systems at a scale and across diverse environments remains challenging. Future research will focus on enhancing the generalizability of the model, expanding its applicability to broader datasets, and automating data ingestion to minimize integration challenges. These advancements are aimed at improving energy efficiency in both industrial and residential applications in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN.

Objective: The colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae causes complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Of them, 73% of strains of K. pneumoniae formed moderate to strong biofilm. Multidrug-resistant (MDR)/Pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria causing UTIs are very challenging to conventional antibiotic therapy. However, bacteriophages may be a promising alternative as they easily disrupt the biofilm and act on receptors unrelated to antibiotic resistance mechanisms. This preclinical study evaluated the efficacy of a phage cocktail with different routes and dosages (in quantity and frequency) to eradicate the K. pneumoniae-associated UTI in the mice model. Methods: The three lytic phages with the broadest spectrum activity (ΦKpnBHU1, ΦKpnBHU2 and ΦKpnBHU3) were meticulously characterized using SEM and sequencing. The cocktails were administered to mice through urethral, rectal, subcutaneous and oral routes after establishing the UTI with 1 × 108 colony-forming unit/mouse (CFU/mouse) of K. pneumoniae (KpnBHU09) resistant to both the drugs carbapenem and colistin. The efficacy of different routes with varying dosages and frequency of administration was thoroughly optimized. Results: We observed that two doses of a phage cocktail containing 1 × 105 Plaque-Forming Unit (PFU/mouse) and a single dose of 1 × 109 PFU/mouse per urethra could eradicate KpnBHU09. Intriguingly, the non-invasive administration through oral and rectal routes required higher concentration and many dosages of phages to eliminate KpnBHU09 at any stage of acute UTI. The subcutaneous route was found unsatisfactory in curing the infection. Conclusion: Bacteriophage cocktails administered through transurethral, oral and rectal routes may cure UTIs.

In today’s digital age, the Internet has become an integral part of our lives, providing a wealth of information at our fingertips. However, the ease of accessing medical information online has given rise to a new phenomenon known as cyberchondria (CCD). CCD is characterized by the excessive anxiety and worry caused by the information discovered on the internet, leading individuals to believe that they have a serious medical condition. Although it shares similarities with hypochondria or illness anxiety disorder, there is an ongoing debate about whether CCD should be regarded as a separate condition or simply a manifestation of preexisting hypochondria. Those who engage in self-diagnosis and self-management of their health concerns without confirming the accuracy of the published material are presumed to be affected by CCD. No research has yet been undertaken on CCD therapeutic approaches. Psychoeducation is the cornerstone of CCD therapy. There is no specific pharmaceutical therapy. CCD is a developing public mental health concern in India that needs prompt response or might seriously harm the general public.

Currently, more studies are focusing on traffic classification in software-defined networks (SDNs). Accurate classification and selecting the appropriate controller have benefited from the application of machine learning (ML) in practice. In this research, we study different classification models to see which one best classifies the generated dataset and goes on to be implemented for real-time classification. In our case, the classification and regression tree (CART) classifier produces the best classification results for the generated dataset, and logistic regression is also considerable. Based on the evaluation of various algorithmic outputs for the training and validation datasets, and also when execution time is taken into account, the CART is found to be the best algorithm. While testing the impact of load balancing in a multi-controller SDN environment, in different load case scenarios, we observe network performance parameters like bit rate, packet rate, and jitter. Here, the use of traffic classification-based load balancing improves the bit rate as well as the packet rate of traffic flow on a network and thus considerably enhances throughput. Finally, the reduction in jitter while increasing the controllers confirms the improvement in QoS in a balanced multi-controller SDN environment.

Body image is a critical aspect of a person’s mental and physical well-being. Social media platforms can provide opportunities to connect with peers, express themselves, and explore different identities. The prevalence of social media usage among teenage girls has raised concerns about the impact of sexualized images on their body image and well-being. The sexualization of social media and its impact on teen girls can be attributed to various factors. These factors such as peer comparison, peer influence, celebrity culture, cultural norms, social media algorithms, and advertising strategies play a significant role in promoting unrealistic beauty ideals. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate and understand how these factors contribute to the issue. The negative impact of sexualized images includes internalization of beauty standards, negative body image, increased risk of eating disorders, psychosexual health issues, impaired mental health, and objectification of girls. To address this issue, several potential solutions and strategies are proposed. These include promoting digital literacy and critical thinking skills to help girls recognize the unrealistic nature of beauty standards portrayed on social media. Encouraging body positivity and diversity is essential to redefine beauty ideals. Open communication among parents, educators, and girls can create a supportive environment to discuss body image concerns. Mental health support and limiting social media exposure are crucial in mitigating the negative effects of sexualized images. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the need for government intervention to protect vulnerable users and encourage responsible platform management. Suggested policies and measures include age verification systems, robust content moderation, clear reporting mechanisms, and industry-wide guidelines for content and advertising.

Abstract Cauliflower is an important winter crop grown in India, its curds are rich in nutritional profile, containing valuable minerals and vitamins. However, cauliflower harvesting is mainly accomplished by hands, which is time-consuming and requires a high labour force. On the other hand, most developed cauliflower harvesters are once over or single pass type, which harvests all plants irrespective of their maturity. So, the selective harvester could improve the cauliflower curds yield, and then decrease the labour requirement. To improve the cutting performance of the selective cauliflower harvester, the working parameters of the chainsaw cutting mechanism need to be considered and optimized. This research investigates the impact of cutting height, feed (push) force, and cutting speed on the efficiency of the cutter during harvest. The Taguchi approach, together with grey relational analysis (GRA), was employed to identify the most favorable combination of operational parameters. In addition, the variance analysis was conducted to statistically examine the impact of multiple parameters. The findings indicated that the feed force was the major parameter that influenced the cutting force, splitting failure levels, and cutting time. The most effective parameter combination consisted of a cutting height of 15 mm, a feed force of 10 N, and a cutting speed of 5 m/s. The grey relational grade of the ideal parameter combination has shown a 0.322 increase in comparison to the grade achieved with the initially selected parameter combination. This setting was further incorporated in the developed selective cauliflower harvester to improve the performance of its cutting mechanism.

Abstract The rapid adoption of cloud-based data sharing is transforming collaboration across various sectors, yet ensuring trust and privacy in sensitive data remains a critical challenge. This paper presents a hybrid model aimed at enhancing data privacy and trust in cloud environments, specifically addressing concerns in healthcare and finance. The model combines k-anonymity for user privacy, an optimized Firefly algorithm for trust generation, and a Time-aware Modified Best Fit Decreasing (T-MBFD) algorithm to improve resource allocation efficiency. Key contributions include a comprehensive methodology that encompasses dataset selection, preprocessing, model training, and evaluation across multiple datasets, including healthcare, financial, and pandemic-related data. Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid model achieves a precision score of approximately 90% and an accuracy of around 93% in financial datasets, significantly outperforming existing methods in both privacy preservation and computational efficiency. These findings emphasize the model’s effectiveness in securely facilitating data-driven collaboration in highly regulated domains, thus paving the way for practical applications that uphold individual privacy and data integrity in cloud-based environments.

Abstract Hybrid composites, a cornerstone of modern engineering, have been the subject of a groundbreaking investigation. This research delves into the impact of changing the stacking configuration on the characteristics of glass and carbon configuration woven fabric-reinforced laminates. Fabricating different configurations of hybrid laminates using cost-effective hand layup techniques and their performance evaluation through uniaxial tensile test and flexural strength has yielded fascinating results. The tensile strength specimen was prepared as per ASTM D3039 and for flexural test ASTM D7264. The findings demonstrate that stacking laminate CGC has higher tensile strength (418.99 MPa) and flexural strength (342.99 MPa) than other stacking configurations of studied hybrid composites. Also, the fracture analysis evaluates using a high-resolution setup to comprehend the mechanism of failure interply hybrid composites. In addition, design and analytical analysis were done to analyze the tensile and flexural strength of different GC, GCG, and CGC stacking configurations. The finding demonstrates the feasibility of the CGC stacking configuration for load structural applications, marking a significant advancement in materials science and engineering.

There is a growing interest in understanding and establishing forest nurseries in swamp ecosystem areas of Bangladesh. This study aims to evaluate the socio-economic and ecological contribution of swamp small-scale tree nurseries. The result revealed that government and non-government organizations established swamp nurseries in Bangladesh. Swamp nursery producer generates an annual average net profit of USD 4745. Small-scale swamp nursery owners benefited in multiple forms: subsistence, house construction, savings purposes, and, most importantly, expansion of their businesses. However, the ecological aspect of seedling production was not satisfactory because of the lack of facilities such as skilled labor supply, access to high-quality germplasm, technical skills, nursery facilities, etc. In the nurseries observed, only two dominant swamp tree species, locally known as Hijol (Barringtonia acutangular) and Koroch (Pongamia pinnata) seedlings were found. In most cases, those seedlings were morphologically unhealthy, and the root structure was deformed, which was identified as a major problem of reforestation programs in wetland areas. Therefore, to make the reforestation program successful and create livelihoods for the rural poor in the wetland areas, there is an urgent need to develop quality seedlings-based swamp nurseries, which are only possible through proper nursery management techniques.

The present research is an attempt to screen five perennial indigenous grass species for their biochemical constituents seasonally for one year in order to determine the exact season for the harvest of the target species which will be used as feed ingredient. Among them, Cynodon dactylon has shown better result compared to other grass species and was hence incorporated as micronutrient in the formulated feed. Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture was carried out by feeding conventional and formulated feed (prepared from grass species) in tanks and ponds filled with spring water for 180 days in 2020 in the Eastern Ghats region of Koraput district, Odisha, India. Two treatments namely T1 and T2 having four replications each were supplied with commercial feed and formulated feed. Feeds were applied as per the body weight of prawns at 20% for the 1st month, 15% for the 2nd month, 10% for the 3rd and the 4th month, 5% for the 5th month and 2% till the end of the experiment. The water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, transparency, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, Chl a in the culture tanks and ponds were monitored fortnightly. ANOVA results between all the water parameters for both culture tanks and ponds showed significant variation (P

Background: Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) or lumbarization of sacral vertebrae and sacralization of lumbar vertebrae are congenital variations. These are associated with alterations in anatomy and biomechanics of spinal and paraspinal structures, which lead to low back pain (LBP). Aims and Objectives: This radiological study was designed to identify the prevalence of LSTV in patients presenting with LBP and to classify the anatomical variations in LSTV according to the Castellvi classification. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional, observational cohort study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, in different medical colleges and hospitals of West Bengal. The study was done on 1500 patients aged 20–75 years with a history of LBP. Antero-posterior and lateral lumbosacral radiographs were done to identify LSTV. Results: The present study in West Bengal shows that 24.1% of subjects had LSTV among LBP patients, Castellvi Type IIA (33.4%) being the most common anatomical variant, followed by Type IB (19.6%). Sacralization (22.3%) was found more common than lumbarization (1.8%). Conclusion: LSTV comprises almost one-fourth of cases of low back ache which can be easily diagnosed by simple radiograph. It has important implications for surgery in the lumbosacral region.

Abstract Objective This study aims to compare the long‐term outcomes of Aquablation for small‐to‐moderate (30–80 cm3) prostates with the outcomes for large (80–150 cm3) prostates at 5‐year follow up. Methods The Waterjet Ablation Therapy for Endoscopic Resection of Prostate Tissue (WATER; NCT02505919) is a prospective, double‐blind, international clinical trial encompassing 116 patients, examining Aquablation versus transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for LUTS/BPH in prostates sized between 30 and 80 cm3. In parallel, WATER II (W‐II; NCT03123250), a prospective, multicentre, single‐arm international clinical trial, explores Aquablation outcomes in prostates ranging from 80 to 150 cm3. Baseline parameters and 60‐month outcomes were scrutinized using statistical analyses, including Students' t test, Wilcoxon tests for continuous variables, and Fisher's test for binary variables. Results There is a significant improvement in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) from baseline to 60 months in both WATER (22.9 to 7.0) and WATER II (23.2 to 6.8) (P = 0.852). Urinary flow rate (Qmax) increased in both groups from baseline to 60 months (WATER: 9.4 to 17.3 cc/s; WATER II: 8.7 to 17.1 cc/s) (P = 0.933). Immediate and sustained enhancements were observed in IPSS and Qmax. At 5 years, a notable percentage of patients in both groups were BPH medication‐free (WATER: 99%; WATER II: 94%) (P = 0.0517) and free from surgical retreatment (WATER: 95%; WATER II: 97%) (P = 0.508). Conclusions The 5‐year follow‐up affirms that Aquablation therapy exhibits sustained outcomes, minimal irreversible complications, and low retreatment rates for treating LUTS/BPH, irrespective of prostate volume ranging from 30 to 150 cm3.

Abstract The purpose of this demonstration study was to determine the effect of prior experiences and gender on cognitive demands at the initial educational technology experience. The task of drone operation was selected as a novel educational technological tool and videogame use was determined to be a tangential prior experience. Through the framework of embodied cognition, the NASA Task Load Index was used to measure cognitive demand. Practicing middle- and high-school science teachers were recruited to participate in this study. Participants operated drones at three instances over two weeks. An additional challenging task was also presented. A mixed ANOVA suggested a significant interaction between videogame use and time: F(2, 28) = 3.77, $$p

We present a case of a 31-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with a history of abdominal pain localized to the lower abdomen. The patient had undergone splenectomy 2 years ago for splenic injury following a road traffic accident. Computerized tomography showed multiple well-defined, homogeneously enhancing soft tissue density nodules of varying sizes distributed throughout the abdomen and pelvis. A diagnosis of splenosis was made based on imaging findings and history. Abdominal splenosis is an uncommon entity of which radiologists need to be aware, and this case serves to shed further light on this condition.

In contemporary society, proper waste management is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. Waste management encompasses the collection, transportation, segregation and disposal of waste material to minimize health risks and environment impact. Manual segregation, along with other methods of waste segregation, is often inefficient and time consuming. To address this challenge, numerous industries have embraced automation in waste sorting to expedite the process through advanced technological interventions. Therefore, the optimal functioning of the components of these automated systems is crucial for rapid and accurate segregation of waste. This work is oriented toward the study of a system which is used to segregation of waste and known as waste sorting robotic arm system (WSRAS). Author used Markov decision process, along with mathematical modeling, to evaluate the different performance measure of WSRAS. Sensitivity analysis have also been done to understand the contribution of different components failure in overall performance of WSRAS.

Abstract Although COVID-19 is a disease consisting of mostly upper and lower respiratory symptoms, a subset of patients develop cardiac sequelae including myocarditis and pericarditis. For these patients, a standardized set of diagnostic imaging techniques and treatments has not been established. While there have been numerous case reports on this topic, there are few reviews that evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment modalities with a significant number of cases. We reviewed 146 cases of patients (ages ranging from 2 months old to mid 80 s) obtained from searches on PubMed, Google Scholar, and several case report journals. ECG abnormalities, elevated inflammatory markers, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were most associated with COVID-19 myocarditis. While classic symptoms of COVID-19 include upper respiratory symptoms, a subset of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 displayed no signs of respiratory disease at all. In 22% of cases, cardiac sequelae was not present until after the patient recovered from COVID-19. Steroids were given in 57.5% of cases. Cardiac MRI was used in 40.4% of cases for diagnosis of myocarditis. Of all the patients who were treated with ECMO, 82.1% of these patients were able to fully recover. The use of cardiac MRI and transthoracic echocardiogram for diagnosis of COVID-19 myocarditis should be heavily considered in any patient with COVID-19 infection. ECMO, IVIG, steroids, and anticoagulants should also be heavily considered. A randomized controlled trial should be conducted to better associate treatments with outcomes.

Abstract Background Kerala is a state in south India, appreciated for its education, better health indicators and quality of life. However, there is a proportionately high prevalence of mental health illnesses and suicides reported in the state. It is unclear if there is any disparity in the gender categories in this. With this systematic review, we aim to systematically study the gender disparity in the prevalence of mental health (MH) issues among adolescents, younger and older adults in Kerala. Methods A search strategy was built and several databases like Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, and ProQuest were used alongside grey literature to identify relevant articles. The study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines following a prespecified protocol. After relevant data extraction, the estimates were pooled using random effects model due to the high heterogeneity assessed by tau-squared, Cochran Q, and prediction interval. Subgroup analyses, and meta-regression were used to reduce heterogeneity. We also identified the influence and heterogeneity contributed by individual studies using influence plots, Baujat plot, clustering, and performed several sensitivity analyses. Results Twenty articles were included in the review and meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio of mental health illnesses amongst females compared to males in Kerala was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.0 − 1.73) and falls within a prediction interval of 0.38 to 4.53. The individual studies showed high heterogeneity (I2 = 92%, p = p

[Purpose] The debate over Net Neutrality (NN) that dominated discussion in the domain of Internet and telecommunications for over two decades, has largely been settled in favour of the principle of an open, non-discriminatory regime for all traffic travelling over networks. The rapid commercialisation of 5G mobile telecom technologies in telecom markets, however, draws regulatory attention once again, to aspects of NN regimes in apparent conflict with the requirements of the new technology. The emerging discussion has prompted reviews of NN policies in many countries. [Methodology] This paper uses a policy Delphi to assess expert and stakeholder opinion on the likely impact of 5G of the NN regime in India and what, if any, modifications and alterations are required to enable proliferation of 5G services in the country. [Findings] The paper arrives at a set of policy recommendations for management of the NN regime in India in the context of 5G technology, markets and services. [Practical Implications and Value] These recommendations would be of practical utility to regulators and administrators in other countries as 5G is adopted in their telecommunications sectors.

Abstract Background Neurovascular deficits and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction are major hallmarks of brain trauma and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress is a prominent contributor to neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction and can propagate BBB disruption. Oxidative damage results in an imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis, which can further drive functional impairment of brain capillaries. To this end, we developed a method to track mitochondrial-related changes after oxidative stress in the context of neurovascular pathophysiology as a critical endophenotype of neurodegenerative diseases. Methods To study brain capillary-specific mitochondrial function and dynamics in response to oxidative stress, we developed an ex vivo model in which we used isolated brain capillaries from transgenic mice that express dendra2 green specifically in mitochondria (mtD2g). Isolated brain capillaries were incubated with 2,2’-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide dihydrochloride (AAPH) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce oxidative stress through lipid peroxidation. Following the oxidative insult, mitochondrial bioenergetics were measured using the Seahorse XFe96 flux analyzer, and mitochondrial dynamics were measured using confocal microscopy with Imaris software. Results We optimized brain capillary isolation with intact endothelial cell tight-junction and pericyte integrity. Further, we demonstrate consistency of the capillary isolation process and cellular enrichment of the isolated capillaries. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and morphology assessments were optimized in isolated brain capillaries. Finally, we found that oxidative stress significantly decreased mitochondrial respiration and altered mitochondrial morphology in brain capillaries, including mitochondrial volume and count. Conclusions Following ex vivo isolation of brain capillaries, we confirmed the stability of mitochondrial parameters, demonstrating the feasibility of this newly developed platform. We also demonstrated that oxidative stress has profound effects on mitochondrial homeostasis in isolated brain capillaries. This novel method can be used to evaluate pharmacological interventions to target oxidative stress or mitochondrial dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease and neurovascular pathophysiology as major players in neurodegenerative disease.

Abstract Retinal degenerative diseases are a leading cause of vision loss and blindness globally, impacting millions. These diseases result from progressive damage to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells for which no curative or palliative treatments exist. Cell therapy, particularly RPE transplantation, has emerged as a promising strategy for vision restoration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in clinical trials related to RPE transplantation. We discuss scaffold-free and scaffold-based approaches, including RPE cell suspensions and pre-organized RPE monolayers on biomaterial scaffolds. Key considerations, such as the form and preparation of RPE implants, delivery devices, strategies, and biodegradability of scaffolds, are examined. The article also explores the challenges and opportunities in RPE scaffold development, emphasising the crucial need for functional integration, immunomodulation, and long-term biocompatibility to ensure therapeutic efficacy. We also highlight ongoing efforts to optimise RPE transplantation methods and their potential to address retinal degenerative diseases.

Objective: A comparative study undertaken to measure the the marginal bone loss (MBL), implant survival rate, and prosthetic and biological complications among short implants (8 mm or shorter) and conventional implants (longer than 8 mm) in the posterior atrophic maxilla. Materials and Methods: A search in three databases PubMed (Medline), Scopus, and Cochrane was conducted. The present systematic review was registered with identification number CRD42020212805 at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Data extraction included the publication year, patients’ number and number of implants, implant length and width, MBL, implant survival rate, and biological and mechanical complications. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 1.0 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the outcome variables. Comparisons for dichotomous variables, such as prosthetic and biological complications and implant survival rate, were done by applying the Mantel–Haenszel method. In contrast, a comparison was made by applying the inverse variance method for continuous variables like MBL. Results: Initially, 618 reports were recognized from electronic database searches. Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analyses regarding the MBL, implant survival rate, and prosthetic complications, while three were included for biological complications. In 5 years of follow-up, no evidence of difference could be found between conventional and short implants for survival rate (risk ratio [RR]: 3.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99–12.67; P = 0.05; I2 = 0%). We do not find any evidence of difference for MBL between short implants and conventional implants (mean difference: −0.29; 95% CI: −0.49 to −0.08; P = 0.02; I2 = 65%). Furthermore, no evidence of a difference exists between short and conventional implants for prosthetic complications (RR: 1.56; 95% CI: 0.68–3.55; P = 0.29; I2 = 0%). The biological complications were seen less with short implants (RR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24–0.93; P = 0.03; I2 = 0%). Conclusion: The results suggest no significant difference among conventional and short implants regarding survival rate in the posterior atrophic maxilla. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that, for a 5-year period of follow-up, short implants are related to rarer biological complications and comparable MBL compared to conventional implants. Despite these promising findings, long-term studies with consistent study designs and clinical protocols are required to appraise the performance and durability of short implants.

Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of machine learning (ML) and neural network (NN) models versus traditional statistical methods for estimating biochemical recurrence (BCR) in men following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Methods Patients who underwent RARP from November 2011 to July 2022 were taken in the study. Patients with BCR were assigned to Group 2, whereas those without BCR were placed in Group 1. Preoperative and postoperative parameters, together with demographic data, were recorded in the database. This study used one NN, the radial basis function NN (RBFNN), and two ML approaches, the K-nearest neighbor and XGboost ML models, to predict BCR. Results Following the application of exclusion criteria, 516 patients were deemed eligible for the study. Of those, 234 (45.3%) developed BCR, and 282 (54.7%) did not. The results showed that the median follow-up period was 24 (15–42) months, and the median BCR diagnosis was 12.23 ± 15.58 months. The area under the curve (AUC) for the Cox proportional hazard analysis was 0.77. The receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for the XGBoost and K closest neighbor models were 0.82 and 0.69, respectively. The RBFNN’s AUC was 0.82. Conclusions The classical statistical model was outperformed by XGBoost and RBFNN models in predicting BCR.

Abstract Introduction There is a multitude of evidence supporting the use of manual and manipulative therapy techniques for patients with cervicogenic headache (CGH). However, evidence in finding and comparing the efficacy of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization with manual therapy in unilateral cervicogenic headache is lacking. Therefore, the objective of the study is to find and compare the long term effects of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization along with spinal manipulation therapy in patients with cervicogenic headache. Methods It is a randomized, single-blinded controlled study conducted at University hospital. Overall, 64 participants with CGH were divided into spinal manipulation therapy group (SMT; n = 32) and spinal manipulation therapy with instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (ISM) group (SMT + ISM; n = 32) and they received the respective treatment for 4 weeks. In addition, both groups received 10 min of heat therapy and neck isometric exercises three times a day. The primary (CGH frequency) and secondary (CGH pain intensity, CGH disability neck pain frequency, pain intensity, pain threshold, neck disability index and quality of life) scores were measured at baseline, after 4 weeks, and at 6 months. Results The reports of the SMT and SMT + ISM group were compared. Following 4 weeks of training, and at 6 months follow up the SMT + ISM group showed more significant changes in the primary outcome (CGH frequency) with a −4.3 [(95% confidence interval (CI) −4.80 to −3.79] and −1.7 (95% CI −1.92 to −1.47), when compared with the SMT group alone (p = 0.001). The secondary outcomes (CGH pain intensity, CGH disability, neck pain frequency, neck pain intensity, neck disability index, and quality of life) also shows more significant changes in the SMT + ISM group than the SMT group (p = 0.001). The same gradual improvement can be seen in the above variables at 6 months follow up. At the same time, neck pain threshold level does not show any improvement at 4 weeks (p ≥ 0.05) but shows a statistical difference at 6 months follow up. No such adverse effects or consequences were noted during or after the intervention. Conclusions The study concluded that spinal manipulation therapy with instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization provided better long-term outcomes in patients with cervicogenic headache. This study provided a piece of sound physical therapy evidence for a widespread and costly clinical condition, such as cervicogenic headache. Clinical Trial Registration The trial was registered prospectively in the Indian clinical trial registry with CTRI/2020/06/026243 on 30/06/2020.

Abstract The circadian clock of cyanobacteria, which predicts daily environmental changes, typically includes a standard oscillator consisting of proteins KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC. However, several cyanobacteria have diverse Kai protein homologs of unclear function. In particular, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 harbours, in addition to a canonical kaiABC gene cluster (named kaiAB1C1), two further kaiB and kaiC homologs (kaiB2, kaiB3, kaiC2, kaiC3). Here, we identify a chimeric KaiA homolog, named KaiA3, encoded by a gene located upstream of kaiB3. At the N-terminus, KaiA3 is similar to response-regulator receiver domains, whereas its C-terminal domain resembles that of KaiA. Homology analysis shows that a KaiA3-KaiB3-KaiC3 system exists in several cyanobacteria and other bacteria. Using the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 homologs, we observe circadian oscillations in KaiC3 phosphorylation in vitro in the presence of KaiA3 and KaiB3. Mutations of kaiA3 affect KaiC3 phosphorylation, leading to growth defects under both mixotrophic and chemoheterotrophic conditions. KaiC1 and KaiC3 exhibit phase-locked free-running phosphorylation rhythms. Deletion of either system (∆kaiAB1C1 or ∆kaiA3B3C3) alters the period of the cellular backscattering rhythm. Furthermore, both oscillators are required to maintain high-amplitude, self-sustained backscatter oscillations with a period of approximately 24 h, indicating their interconnected nature.

The purpose of this study is to examine the entropy generation for a Magnetohydrodynamic flow of a Casson fluid subject to a vertical cone. Here the impact of reaction by chemical and diffusion-thermo is scrutinized. Physical aspects of radiative flux transverse to the surface are deliberated. The governing non-linear PDEs and the expression for entropy generation are non-dimensionalized with the help of dimensionless quantities. Finite difference technique is implemented to get numerical and graphical results for the non-linear system. Bejan number for the heat transfer is also examined. The results obtained shows that entropy generation and Bejan number are strongly influence by the embedded flow parameters.

Abstract Background Biliary dilatation without obvious etiology on cross sectional imaging warrants further investigation. This study aimed to assess yield of endoscopic ultrasound in providing etiologic diagnosis in such situation. Methods Prospective cohort of consecutive patients with biliary dilatation & non diagnostic computed tomography (CT) and /or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with/without fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and were followed clinically, biochemically with/without radiology for up to six months. The findings of EUS were corroborated with histopathology of surgical specimens and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) findings in relevant cases. Results Median age of 121 patients completing follow up was 55 years. 98.2% patients were symptomatic and median common bile duct (CBD) diameter was 13 mm. EUS was able to identify lesions attributable for biliary dilatation in (67 out of 121) 55.4% cases with ampullary neoplasm being the commonest (29 out of 67 i.e. 43%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified jaundice as the predictor of positive diagnosis on EUS, of finding ampullary lesion and pancreatic lesion on EUS. EUS had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of 95.65%, 94.23%, 95.65% and 95.04% respectively in providing etiologic diagnosis. Threshold value for baseline bilirubin of 10 mg%, for baseline CA 19.9 of 225 u/L and for largest CBD diameter of 16 mm were determined to have specificity of 98%, 95%, 92.5% respectively of finding a positive diagnosis on EUS. Conclusion EUS provides considerable diagnostic yield with high accuracy in biliary dilatation when cross sectional imaging fails to provide etiologic diagnosis.

In the last decades, corrosion control of metals and their alloys has been of environmental, aesthetic, economic, and technical importance. Ecologically acceptable, environment-friendly, and readily available corrosion inhibitors are one of the best options for protecting metals against corrosion. In this regard, use of polymers for inhibiting metallic corrosion is an authentic and acceptable practice, with a low environmental threat. Polymers may be used as composites, blends, or isolation for optimal inhibitory effects. Inhibition efficiencies of corrosion inhibitors were determined using mass loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization techniques, etc. The present study gives the idea about natural, synthetic, and conducting polymers and their utilization for corrosion inhibition applications. Effects of halide ions as additives or surfactants on their anticorrosion performances are also discussed. Polymeric materials as coatings are reviewed to align with recent research interests, such as cost-effectiveness, environment friendliness, and self-healing products, which are more convenient to synthesize and use in future applications.

Abstract Background Goat milk is gaining popularity as a superior alternative to bovine milk due to its closer resemblance to human milk. Understanding the molecular processes underlying lactation is crucial for improving milk quality and production in goats. However, the genetic mechanisms governing lactation in goats, particularly in indigenous breeds like the Jakhrana, remain largely unexplored. Results In this study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of Jakhrana goat mammary glands during early and late lactation stages. We isolated milk somatic cells and conducted RNA sequencing, followed by transcript quantification and mapping against the ARS1.2 Capra hircus reference assembly. Our analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and commonly expressed genes (CEGs) across the lactation phases. Early lactation showed enrichment of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides and lubrication proteins, while late lactation exhibited heightened expression of genes encoding major milk proteins. Additionally, DEG analysis revealed upregulation of pivotal genes, such as the ABC transporter gene MRP4, implicated in modulating milk composition and quality. Conclusion Our findings provide insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying lactation dynamics in the Jakhrana goat. Understanding these mechanisms could help in improving milk production and quality in goats, benefiting both the dairy industry and consumers.

This investigation was carried out to estimate the genetic parameters for German Angora rabbits using most appropriate animal model comprising additive and maternal effects. The pedigree information and data on growth traits were collected from 5221 rabbits, which descended from 699 does and 294 bucks over a period of 21 yr (2001–2021) kept at Northern Temperate Regional Station, Garsa, Kullu (Himachal Pradesh), India. The average daily gain (ADG) and Kleiber ratio (KR) were calculated at different age intervals. Analyses were carried out by restricted maximum likelihood procedure fitting six animal models with various combinations of direct and maternal effects. The best model was evaluated on the basis of a likelihood ratio test. Analysis revealed that the model including both direct and maternal genetic effects along with permanent effect of the dam was most suitable for all traits except for body weight (BW) at 6th wk of age, ADG from 6th to 12th wk of age and KR associated to ADG from 12th to 18th wk of age. The direct heritability estimates from the best model were ranged from, 0.34±0.05 to 0.49±0.05 for BW; 0.19±0.04, to 0.46±0.06 for ADG and 0.21±0.04 to 0.41±0.05 for KR, respectively. Direct heritability estimates were overestimated when maternal effects were ignored. Maternal effects on BW declined from 0.49±0.04 at weaning to 0.06±0.03 at 12th wk of age and 0.09±0.04 at 18th wk of age. Correlations between direct and maternal effects ranged from −0.44±0.15 to−0.52±0.14 for body weights, indicating biological antagonism between these effects. Genetic correlations among various growth traits were positive and high, indicating scope for correlated response in later expressed traits. Analysis revealed that maternal additive influences were only important until weaning, whereas permanent environmental maternal influences were present in all growth traits considered in this study. The moderate estimates of heritability for growth traits and Kleiber ratio of rabbit in this study indicate that rates of genetic progress may be possible for these traits by selection under the standard management system.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has introduced numerous health complications beyond its primary respiratory effects. Notably, there is growing concern about its role in avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head, a condition where disrupted blood supply leads to bone death. Factors such as hypercoagulability, extensive corticosteroid use, and potential direct vascular effects from the virus may contribute to this association. This article explores the link between COVID-19 and AVN, examining its mechanisms, prevalence, and clinical implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional, observational study enrolled 32 patients who had COVID-19 infection and subsequently developed AVN of the femoral head. Various factors influencing AVN development were considered, including the timing of COVID-19 infection during the pandemic’s first and second waves, steroid treatment duration, and alcohol consumption history. The diagnosis was made using X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Results: Out of 32 patients, 19 contracted COVID-19 during the first wave, while 13 were infected during the second wave, indicating a higher virulence rate during the first wave. Although 20 patients received short-term steroid therapy, the duration and the dosage were not significant for AVN development. Similarly, the duration and amount of alcohol consumption among 11 patients were not significant enough to cause AVN. Therefore, we feel that the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection itself likely plays a key role in AVN development, with factors such as steroid use and alcohol consumption being incidental findings. Conclusions: According to this study, we feel that the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection itself likely plays a key role in AVN development, with factors such as steroid use and alcohol consumption being incidental findings.

Background: Deviation of the nasal septum (DNS) is defined as any deviation of the septum from the midline and is one of the most common variations of the sinonasal anatomy. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to observe the prevalence of DNS and its relation with age, gender, and sidedness. Materials and Methods: Sinonasal computed tomographic images of 100 subjects obtained from the Department of Radiodiagnosis, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, UP, in the period August 2013–July 2014 were analyzed to determine the prevalence of DNS and its relation with age, gender, and sidedness. Results: Of a total of 100 subjects, normal midline nasal septum was seen in 27 subjects whereas 73 subjects (73%) displayed a deviation in its position. The prevalence of nasal septal deviation (NSD) was significantly higher in females (84.21%) as compared to males (66.13%) (P=0.048). We also compared the prevalence of NSD in different age groups and found it to be higher in subjects aged >46 years (83.33%) as compared to other age groups but this difference was not found to be statistically significant (P=0.619). Conclusion: Nasal septu the septum toward the right. No correlation between age intervals and prevalence of DNS was found.

A feasible approach to rectify the world's energy demand using sustainable development of adequate energy generation and storage technologies in a single channel. In this respect, we made a holistic approach with a bi-functional electrode material to perform effectively in energy generation and storage applications. MoS2 nanosheets were produced by the eco-friendly method and reduced graphene oxide is used to prepared by carbon soot which is derived from castor oil. The prepared soot and rGO were combined with MoS2 nanosheets using a simple sonication method. The as-prepared sample was introduced in the supercapacitor and DSSC application. The combination MoS2@rGO provides an enhanced conversion efficiency of 11.81 ​% and the reproducibility of DSSC is also studied. Further, MoS2@rGO is used to fabricate an asymmetric supercapacitor to investigate its real-time application. The device produced the maximum power density (1666.6 ​mW/kg) and energy density (25.69 ​mWh/Kg) at 1 A/g. The asymmetric supercapacitor device holds a cyclic stability of 81.4 % for 5000 cycles and it powered up an LED device for 4 ​min.

In paediatric intensive care units (PICUs), advanced medical care meets deeply emotional human experiences. This review examines grief and bereavement support in PICUs, emphasising its significance in extending palliative care beyond end-of-life scenarios. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar from 2014 to 2023 yielded 50 relevant studies. The findings illustrate the unique challenges in PICUs, such as children’s limited communication abilities, parental distress and emotional burden on healthcare providers. Our review revealed the multifaceted nature of grief in PICUs, including anticipatory and complicated grief, and its profound impact on families and siblings of PICU patients. We identified diverse emotional, psychological, cultural and spiritual support needs that underscored the importance of continuous bereavement care and access to resources. Current support practices, including counselling, support groups, memorial services and interdisciplinary teamwork, are explored. Challenges such as resource limitations, healthcare providers’ emotional toll and communication barriers are discussed. The study also highlights emerging trends such as digital tools, innovative therapies and policy changes to enhance holistic, family-centred care in PICUs.

There is a growing global recognition that community development has the potential to enhance the socio-economic status of resource-constrained rural communities. Many countries have established commu­nity development initiatives in rural areas to reduce pov­erty and improve social investment. However, numer­ous challenges hinder the implementation of community development initiatives that contribute to poverty re­duction in most of Southern Africa. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 1, mandates all countries to end all forms of pov­erty by the year 2030. One approach to achieving this goal is to devise and implement sustainable community development initiatives. This review paper presents some best practices for how community development in­itiatives could reduce poverty in Southern Africa. The lit­erature collected from government reports, accredited journal articles, and other credible scientific writings from 2000 to 2022 was reviewed to triangulate sources of information and understand the state of community de­velopment initiatives. Several challenges were found to impede progress in poverty reduction and negatively impact sustainable community development. The effec­tiveness and sustainability of poverty reduction strate­gies implemented by countries in Southern Africa vary widely from country to country and within the country itself. The study provides recommendations and best practice models implemented within rural communities in Southern Africa.

Background Accurate mortality prediction following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is essential for mitigating risk, shared decision-making and periprocedural planning. Surgical risk models have demonstrated modest discriminative value for patients undergoing TAVI and are typically poorly calibrated, with incremental improvements seen in TAVI-specific models. Machine learning (ML) models offer an alternative risk stratification that may offer improved predictive accuracy.Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched until 16 December 2023 for studies comparing ML models with traditional statistical methods for event prediction after TAVI. The primary outcome was comparative discrimination measured by C-statistics with 95% CIs between ML models and traditional methods in estimating the risk of all-cause mortality at 30 days and 1 year.Results Nine studies were included (29 608 patients). The summary C-statistic of the top performing ML models was 0.79 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.86), compared with traditional methods 0.68 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.76). The difference in C-statistic between all ML models and traditional methods was 0.11 (p

Purpose: Prematurity has been known to trigger several cellular pathways, leading to the clinical occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This study compared the levels of a panel of serum cytokines in premature infants with and without ROP. Methods: This is a prospective observational study. Premature infants at 36–38 weeks’ gestational age were recruited, their clinical data recorded, and serum samples collected and assayed for 18 cytokines. Based on follow-up examinations, patients were divided into two groups: No ROP and ROP. The ROP group was further divided into two subgroups: non-vision-threatening ROP (non-VTROP), and vision-threatening ROP (VTROP). Results: On univariate analysis, among the clinical parameters, gestation age, birth weight, duration of invasive ventilation, and duration of stay in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were found to be significant. The univariate analysis also showed an association between raised levels of VEGF-D and IL-8 in the VTROP group. Multiple logistic regression indicated that gestation age was a significant risk factor across all subgroups. Additionally, VEGF-D levels were found to be significantly associated with VTROP. Conclusion: Higher VEGF-D levels are associated with an increased risk of severe ROP that requires treatment and could potentially be used as a biomarker.

Introduction and Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is one of the primary causes of chronic liver disease and may lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent reports suggested that DEAD-box RNA helicase (DDX3) acts as a sensor of free fat accumulation and may modulate the pathogenesis via miRNAs. Hence, we hypothesized that DDX3 might modulate MASLD progression via miRNA-141-mediated inhibition of Sirt-1 and autophagy. Materials and Methods: RNA and total protein were isolated from free fatty acid-treated HepG2 cells or CDAA-fed C57BL/6 mice (6 mice per group) for 6, 18, 32, or 54 weeks. The cells were transfected with DDX3 or miR-141 or siRNA to DDX3, and Western blots for autophagy markers were performed. Results: The FFAs induced the DDX3 and miRNA-141 expression, while downregulating Sirt-1, beclin-1, Atg7, and LC3-II. Overexpression of DDX3 resulted in increased miRNA-141. Overexpression of DDX3 or miRNA-141 downregulated Sirt-1 expression and autophagy marker proteins, while these effects were reversed with siRNA to DDX3. The expression of both DDX3 and miRNA-141 was significantly increased, while autophagy markers were downregulated in CDAA-fed mice. Conclusions: These results confirmed that FFA-induced DDX3 induced the expression of miRNA-141, which in turn targeted Sirt-1 and decreased autophagy.

In Radio Super Novae (RSNe) a magnetic field of (B × r) = 1016.0±0.12 Gauss × cm is observed; these are the same numbers for Blue Super Giant (BSG) star explosions as for Red Super Giant (RSG) star explosions, despite their very different wind properties. The EHT data for M87 as well for low power radio galaxies all show consistency with just this value of the quantity (B × r), key for angular momentum and energy transport, and can be derived from the radio jet data. We interpret this as a property of the near surroundings of a black hole (BH) at near maximal rotation, independent of BH mass. In the commonly used green onion model, in which a 2 π flow changes over to a jet flow we interpret this as a wind emanating from the BH/accretion disk system and its surroundings. Near the BH collisions in the wind can produce a large fraction of anti-protons. In this scenario the cosmic Ray (CR) population from the wind/jet is proposed to be visible as EeV protons and anti-protons in the CR data to EeV energy, with a E−7/3 spectrum. This can be connected to a concept of inner and outer Penrose zones in the ergo-region. The observed numbers for the magnetic field imply the Planck time as the governing time scale: A BH rotating near maximum can accept a proton per log bin of energy in an extended spectrum with the associated pions every Planck time.

The objective of the present study was to identify genomic regions influencing economic traits in Murrah buffaloes using weighted single step Genome Wide Association Analysis (WssGWAS). Data on 2000 animals, out of which 120 were genotyped using a double digest Restriction site Associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing approach. The phenotypic data were collected from NDRI, India, on growth traits, viz., body weight at 6M (month), 12M, 18M and 24M, production traits like 305D (day) milk yield, lactation length (LL) and dry period (DP) and reproduction traits like age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI) and first service period (FSP). The biallelic genotypic data consisted of 49353 markers post-quality check. The heritability estimates were moderate to high, low to moderate, low for growth, production, reproduction traits, respectively. Important genomic regions explaining more than 0.5% of the total additive genetic variance explained by 30 adjacent SNPs were selected for further analysis of candidate genes. In this study, 105 genomic regions were associated with growth, 35 genomic regions with production and 42 window regions with reproduction traits. Different candidate genes were identified in these genomic regions, of which important are OSBPL8, NAP1L1 for growth, CNTNAP2 for production and ILDR2, TADA1 and POGK for reproduction traits.

Background and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to quantify the amount of debris that was extruded apically when single-length and tactile controlled activation (TCA) techniques were used to instrument curved canals. Materials and Methods: A total of forty mandibular first molars having curved mesial roots of standardized length were subjected to instrumentation, utilizing both single-length and TCA techniques. Pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes were used to collect the extruded debris. The tubes underwent weighing to acquire the final weight of the dry debris. The initial weight was subtracted from the final weight to determine the weight of the extruded debris. The Shapiro–Wilk test was utilized to evaluate the data distribution. The Mann–Whitney U test was utilized to analyze continuous variables with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Results: Either of the techniques tested was associated with apical debris extrusion, but the TCA technique in a crown-down approach resulted in considerably less debris extrusion compared to the single-length technique. Conclusion: The TCA technique in the crown-down approach demonstrated the least debris extrusion, suggesting the importance of selecting the appropriate technique in curved canal management.

With rapid industrialization and urbanization, persistent potential toxic elements in the human food chain have become a burning concern to international communities. The present study investigates the potential of an underutilized orphan root crop, Taro (Colocasia esculenta), as a possible source of bioactive compounds –phenolics (180.56–17.66 mg GAE/100 g sample) and flavonoids (50.37–21.93 mg QE/100 g sample)–, antioxidants and minerals (Mg: 183.33–75, P: 203–73, Ca: 740–46 and Na: 393–133.33 mg kg-1) to promote its utilization in food industries. In addition, this study estimated the levels of potential toxic metals in corm samples collected from industrially active: Jute industry sites (JTS), Textile sites (TXS), Tannery sites (TNS), Chemical industry sites (CMS), Feed industry sites (FDS), and inactive: Residential site (RDS) regions of Jashore, Bangladesh and assessed the associated human health risks. ICP-OES was used to analyze the samples, and the probable human health risk was evaluated using the estimated Hazard Index (HI) and Lifetime cancer risk (LcR). The concentration of the studied toxic metals, such as Cr, Cd, and Pb, and potentially toxic metals, such as Zn, Ni, Fe, Cu, and Mn, ranged as 1.8–19.33, ND, ND-6.33, 3.23–146.67, ND-29.16, 5.43–3583.33, 4.43–266.67, and 0.45–7.3 in taro corm samples and 2.76–42.33, ND-1.26, ND-153.33, 3.27–163.33, 32.67–55.67, 436.67–7666.67, 1.47–9.47, and 4.16–213.33 mg kg-1, respectively, in the associated soil samples. HI values greater than unity in RDS, JTS, FDS, TNS, and CMS indicated the associated non-carcinogenic risk to adults. In addition, LcR showed that all the samples pose an associated cancer risk. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed three principal components explaining 86.69 % of the total variance, while there were two significant clusters of the taro samples. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of taro corms as a valuable source of advantageous phytochemicals while confirming the effect of industrialization on the accumulation of potentially toxic metals and their phytochemicals. This study underscores the necessity of continuous monitoring by regulatory authorities to prevent metal deposition in farmlands from industrialization and urbanization through sewage, agrochemicals, and industrial wastewater to avoid adverse health consequences.