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1. Designing Better Professional Learning with the Brain in Mind

Author: McREL International, Bryan Goodwin, and Kristin Rouleau
Abstract: Why does some professional development fall flat, while others resonate with teachers and make a real difference? How can professional learning be made better and lead to lasting changes in teacher practice? Schools and districts can get more out of their investment in professional learning for teachers (and principals) by creating PD systems, sessions, and supports that align with decades of research on brain science and effective adult learning. In this paper, we share an overview of six phases of learning that everyone goes through when learning something new (which you can read about in more depth in "Learning That Sticks"). We show how this learning model offers clarity and practical guidance for school and district staff who develop PD sessions, helping them design and sequence professional learning experiences that are more engaging and more effective at addressing educators' needs.
Published: 2024

2. LIGO Detector Characterization in the first half of the fourth Observing run

Author: Soni, S., Berger, B. K., Davis, D., Renzo, F. Di., Effler, A., Ferreira, T. A., Glanzer, J., Goetz, E., González, G., Helmling-Cornell, A., Hughey, B., Huxford, R., Mannix, B., Mo, G., Nandi, D., Neunzert, A., Nichols, S., Pham, K., Renzini, A. I., Schofield, R. M. S., Stuver, A, Trevor, M., Álvarez-López, S., Beda, R., Berry, C. P. L., Bhuiyan, S., Bruntz, R., Christensen, N., Blagg, L., Chan, M., Charlton, P., Connolly, G., Dhatri, R., Ding, J., Garg, V., Holley-Bockelmann, K., Hourihane, S., Jani, K., Janssens, K., Jarov, S., Knee, A. M., Lattal, A., Lecoeuche, Y., Littenberg, T., Liyanage, A., Lott, B., Macas, R., Malakar, D., McGowan, K., McIver, J., Millhouse, M., Nuttall, L., Nykamp, D., Ota, I., Rawcliffe, C., Scully, B., Tasson, J., Tejera, A., Thiele, S., Udall, R., Winborn, C., Yarbrough, Z., Zhang, Z., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Adhikari, R. X., Ananyeva, A., Appert, S., Arai, K., Aritomi, N., Aston, S. M., Ball, M., Ballmer, S. W., Barker, D., Barsotti, L., Betzwieser, J., Billingsley, G., Biscans, S., Bode, N., Bonilla, E., Bossilkov, V., Branch, A., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Bryant, J., Cahillane, C., Cao, H., Capote, E., Clara, F., Collins, J., Compton, C. M., Cottingham, R., Coyne, D. C., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cullen, T. J., Dartez, L. P., Demos, N., Dohmen, E., Driggers, J. C., Dwyer, S. E., Ejlli, A., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Feicht, J., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Ganapathy, D., Gateley, B., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Goetz, R., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gras, S., Gray, C., Griffith, D., Grote, H., Guidry, T., Hall, E. D., Hanks, J., Hanson, J., Heintze, M. C., Holland, N. A., Hoyland, D., Huang, H. Y., Inoue, Y., James, A. L., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Karat, S., Karki, S., Kasprzack, M., Kawabe, K., Kijbunchoo, N., King, P. J., Kissel, J. S., Komori, K., Kontos, A., Kumar, Rahul, Kuns, K., Landry, M., Lantz, B., Laxen, M., Lee, K., Lesovsky, M., Llamas, F., Lormand, M., Loughlin, H. A., MacInnis, M., Makarem, C. N., Mansell, G. L., Martin, R. M., Mason, K., Matichard, F., Mavalvala, N., Maxwell, N., McCarrol, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McRae, T., Mera, F., Merilh, E. L., Meylahn, F., Mittleman, R., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Mullavey, A., Nakano, M., Nelson, T. J. N., Notte, J., Oberling, J., O'Hanlon, T., Osthelder, C., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Parker, W., Pele, A., Pham, H., Pirello, M., Quetschke, V., Ramirez, K. E., Reyes, J., Richardson, J. W., Robinson, M., Rollins, J. G., Romel, C. L., Romie, J. H., Ross, M. P., Ryan, K., Sadecki, T., Sanchez, A., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, L. E., Savage, R. L., Schaetzl, D., Schiworski, M. G., Schnabel, R., Schwartz, E., Sellers, D., Shaffer, T., Short, R. W., Sigg, D., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Soike, C., Srivastava, V., Sun, L., Tanner, D. B., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Torrie, C. I., Traylor, G., Ubhi, A. S., Vajente, G., Vanosky, J., Vecchio, A., Veitch, P. J., Vibhute, A. M., von Reis, E. R. G., Warner, J., Weaver, B., Weiss, R., Whittle, C., Willke, B., Wipf, C. C., Xu, V. A., Yamamoto, H., Zhang, L., and Zucker, M. E.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: Progress in gravitational-wave astronomy depends upon having sensitive detectors with good data quality. Since the end of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA third Observing run in March 2020, detector-characterization efforts have lead to increased sensitivity of the detectors, swifter validation of gravitational-wave candidates and improved tools used for data-quality products. In this article, we discuss these efforts in detail and their impact on our ability to detect and study gravitational-waves. These include the multiple instrumental investigations that led to reduction in transient noise, along with the work to improve software tools used to examine the detectors data-quality. We end with a brief discussion on the role and requirements of detector characterization as the sensitivity of our detectors further improves in the future Observing runs., Comment: 35 pages, 18 figures
Published: 2024

3. Fragments of harmony amid apparent chaos: a closer look at the X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions of the galaxy RX J1301.9+2747

Author: Giustini, Margherita, Miniutti, Giovanni, Arcodia, Riccardo, Goodwin, Adelle, Alexander, Kate D., Chakraborty, Joheen, Buchner, Johannes, Kosec, Peter, Saxton, Richard, Bonetti, Matteo, Franchini, Alessia, Ryu, Taeho, Shu, Xinwen, Kara, Erin, Ponti, Gabriele, Quintin, Erwan, Vincentelli, Federico, Webb, Natalie, Kajava, Jari, and von Fellenberg, Sebastiano D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are an extreme X-ray variability phenomenon associated with low-mass supermassive black holes. First discovered in the nucleus of the galaxy GSN 069, they have been so far securely detected in five other galaxies, including RX J1301.9+2747. When detected, the out-of-QPE emission (quiescence) is consistent with the high-energy tail of thermal emission from an accretion disk. We present the X-ray and radio properties of RX J1301.9+2747, both in quiescence and during QPEs. We analyse X-ray data taken during five XMM-Newton observations between 2000 and 2022. The last three observations were taken in coordination with radio observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. We also make use of EXOSAT, ROSAT, and Chandra archival observations taken between 1983 and 2009. XMM-Newton detected 34 QPEs of which 8 have significantly lower amplitudes than the others. No correlated radio/X-ray variability was observed during QPEs. In terms of timing properties, the QPEs in RX J1301.9+2747 do not exhibit the striking regularity observed in the discovery source GSN 069. In fact there is no clear repetition pattern between QPEs: the average time separation between their peaks is about four hours, but it can be as short as one, and as long as six hours. The QPE spectral properties of RX J1301.9+2747 as a function of energy are however very similar to those of GSN 069 and of other QPE sources. The quiescent emission of RX J1301.9+2747 is more complex than that of GSN 069, as it requires a soft X-ray excess-like component in addition to the thermal emission from the accretion disk. Its long-term X-ray quiescent flux variations are of low-amplitude and not strictly monotonic, with a general decay over $\sim 22$ years. We discuss our observational results in terms of some of the ideas and models that have been proposed so far for the physical origin of QPEs., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 22 pages and 17 figures in the main text; 11 pages, 5 tables, and 4 figures in the Appendix. Abstract shortened to comply with arXiv requirements
Published: 2024

4. Rules governing Jahn-Teller order in Prussian blue analogues

Author: Harbourne, Elodie A., Cattermull, John, Boström, Hanna L. B., Witte, Rebecca, Roth, Nikolaj, Pasta, Mauro, Keen, David A., and Goodwin, Andrew L.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: Jahn-Teller distortions of transition-metal coordination environments link orbital occupancies to structure. In the solid state, such distortions can be strongly correlated through the propagation of strain and/or through orbital interactions. Cooperative Jahn-Teller (CJT) order of this kind affects the electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of the materials in which it occurs. Conventionally studied in dense ceramics, CJT order also occurs in hybrid materials, albeit the underlying phenomenology is not well established. Here we use synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction measurements to determine links between composition and Jahn-Teller effects in a series of Prussian blue analogue (PBA) families. We develop a simple model based on the dual considerations of strain and crystal-field stabilisation that can account for the stability, extent of CJT order, and crystallite strain measured experimentally. This model shows how PBA compositions might be tuned to control the emergence and nature of CJT effects. A key implication of the model is that PBAs harbour their own complex interplay between compositional, structural, orbital, and magnetic degrees of freedom related to that of strongly-correlated functional materials such as the manganite perovskites.
Published: 2024

5. Needles in Needle Stacks: Meaningful Clinical Information Buried in Noisy Waveform Data

Author: Nagaraj, Sujay, Goodwin, Andrew J., Lopushanskyy, Dmytro, Eytan, Danny, Greer, Robert W., Goodfellow, Sebastian D., Assadi, Azadeh, Jayarajan, Anand, Goldenberg, Anna, and Mazwi, Mjaye L.
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: Central Venous Lines (C-Lines) and Arterial Lines (A-Lines) are routinely used in the Critical Care Unit (CCU) for blood sampling, medication administration, and high-frequency blood pressure measurement. Judiciously accessing these lines is important, as over-utilization is associated with significant in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Documenting the frequency of line-access is an important step in reducing these adverse outcomes. Unfortunately, the current gold-standard for documentation is manual and subject to error, omission, and bias. The high-frequency blood pressure waveform data from sensors in these lines are often noisy and full of artifacts. Standard approaches in signal processing remove noise artifacts before meaningful analysis. However, from bedside observations, we characterized a distinct artifact that occurs during each instance of C-Line or A-Line use. These artifacts are buried amongst physiological waveform and extraneous noise. We focus on Machine Learning (ML) models that can detect these artifacts from waveform data in real-time - finding needles in needle stacks, in order to automate the documentation of line-access. We built and evaluated ML classifiers running in real-time at a major children's hospital to achieve this goal. We demonstrate the utility of these tools for reducing documentation burden, increasing available information for bedside clinicians, and informing unit-level initiatives to improve patient safety., Comment: Machine Learning For Health Care 2024 (MLHC)
Published: 2024

6. Dynamic linear regression models for forecasting time series with semi long memory errors

Author: Goodwin, Thomas, Quiroz, Matias, and Kohn, Robert
Subjects: Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Computation
Abstract: Dynamic linear regression models forecast the values of a time series based on a linear combination of a set of exogenous time series while incorporating a time series process for the error term. This error process is often assumed to follow an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, or seasonal variants thereof, which are unable to capture a long-range dependency structure of the error process. We propose a novel dynamic linear regression model that incorporates the long-range dependency feature of the errors. We demonstrate that the proposed error process may (i) have a significant impact on the posterior uncertainty of the estimated regression parameters and (ii) improve the model's forecasting ability. We develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo method to fit general dynamic linear regression models based on a frequency domain approach that enables fast, asymptotically exact Bayesian inference for large datasets. We demonstrate that our approximate algorithm is faster than the traditional time domain approaches, such as the Kalman filter and the multivariate Gaussian likelihood, while retaining a high accuracy when approximating the posterior distribution. We illustrate the method in simulated examples and two energy forecasting applications.
Published: 2024

7. A universal neutral-atom quantum computer with individual optical addressing and non-destructive readout

Author: Radnaev, A. G., Chung, W. C., Cole, D. C., Mason, D., Ballance, T. G., Bedalov, M. J., Belknap, D. A., Berman, M. R., Blakely, M., Bloomfield, I. L., Buttler, P. D., Campbell, C., Chopinaud, A., Copenhaver, E., Dawes, M. K., Eubanks, S. Y., Friss, A. J., Garcia, D. M., Gilbert, J., Gillette, M., Goiporia, P., Gokhale, P., Goldwin, J., Goodwin, D., Graham, T. M., Guttormsson, CJ, Hickman, G. T., Hurtley, L., Iliev, M., Jones, E. B., Jones, R. A., Kuper, K. W., Lewis, T. B., Lichtman, M. T., Majdeteimouri, F., Mason, J. J., McMaster, J. K., Miles, J. A., Mitchell, P. T., Murphree, J. D., Neff-Mallon, N. A., Oh, T., Omole, V., Simon, C. Parlo, Pederson, N., Perlin, M. A., Reiter, A., Rines, R., Romlow, P., Scott, A. M., Stiefvater, D., Tanner, J. R., Tucker, A. K., Vinogradov, I. V., Warter, M. L., Yeo, M., Saffman, M., and Noel, T. W.
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract: Quantum computers must achieve large-scale, fault-tolerant operation to deliver on their promise of transformational processing power [1-4]. This will require thousands or millions of high-fidelity quantum gates and similar numbers of qubits [5]. Demonstrations using neutral-atom qubits trapped and manipulated by lasers have shown that this modality can provide high two-qubit gate (CZ) fidelities and scalable operation [6-10]. However, the gates in these demonstrations are driven by lasers that do not resolve individual qubits, with universal computation enabled by physical mid-circuit shuttling of the qubits. This relatively slow operation will greatly extend runtimes for useful, large-scale computation. Here we demonstrate a universal neutral-atom quantum computer with gate rates limited by optical switching times, rather than shuttling, by individually addressing tightly focused laser beams at an array of single atoms. We achieve CZ fidelity of 99.35(4)% and local single qubit RZ gate fidelity of 99.902(8)%. Moreover, we demonstrate non-destructive readout of alkali-atom qubits with sub-percent loss, which boosts operational speed. This technique also enables us to measure 99.73(3)% CZ fidelity with atom-loss events excluded, which is a record among long lived neutral-atom qubits and highlights the path to higher fidelity and error correction. Our results represent a critical step towards large-scale, fault-tolerant neutral-atom quantum computers that can execute computations on practical timescales.
Published: 2024

8. Displacive Jahn--Teller transition in NaNiO$_2$

Author: Nagle-Cocco, Liam Agostino Vincenzo, Genreith-Schriever, Annalena R., Steele, James M. A., Tacconis, Camilla, Bocarsly, Joshua D., Mathon, Olivier, Neuefeind, Joerg C., Liu, Jue, O'Keefe, Christopher A., Goodwin, Andrew L., Grey, Clare P., Evans, John S. O., and Dutton, Siân E.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: Below its Jahn--Teller transition temperature, $T_\mathrm{JT}$, NaNiO$_2$ has a monoclinic layered structure consisting of alternating layers of edge-sharing NaO$_6$ and Jahn-Teller-distorted NiO$_6$ octahedra. Above $T_\mathrm{JT}$ where NaNiO$_2$ is rhombohedral, diffraction measurements show the absence of a cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion, accompanied by an increase in the unit cell volume. Using neutron total scattering, solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) experiments as local probes of the structure we find direct evidence for a displacive, as opposed to order-disorder Jahn-Teller transition at $T_\mathrm{JT}$. This is supported by \textit{ab initio} molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. To our knowledge this study is the first to show a displacive Jahn-Teller transition in any material using direct observations with local probe techniques., Comment: Under review. For SI, email the authors
Published: 2024

9. Optical alignment of contamination-sensitive Far-Ultraviolet spectrographs for Aspera SmallSat mission

Author: Khan, Aafaque R., Hamden, Erika, Chung, Haeun, Choi, Heejoo, Kim, Daewook, Melso, Nicole, Hoadley, Keri, Vargas, Carlos J., Truong, Daniel, Garcia, Elijah, Verts, Bill, Coronado, Fernando, Noenickx, Jamison, Corliss, Jason, Tanquary, Hannah, Mcmahon, Tom, Hamara, Dave, Agarwal, Simran, Augustin, Ramona, Behroozi, Peter, Bradley, Harrison, Brendel, Trenton, Burchett, Joe, Castillo, Jasmine Martinez, Chambers, Jacob, Corlies, Lauren, Davis, Greyson, Dettmar, Ralf-Jürgen, Douglas, Ewan, Ghidoli, Giulia, Goodwin, Alfred, Harris, Walter, Hergenrother, Carl, Howk, J. Christopher, Keppler, Miriam, Kerkeser, Nazende Ipek, Kidd Jr., John N., Li, Jessica S., Noriega, Gabe, Park, Sooseong, Pecha, Ryan, Sauve, Cork, Schiminovich, David, Selznick, Sanford, Siegmund, Oswald, Su, Rebecca, Uppnor, Sumedha, Vider, Jacob, Wolcott, Ellie, Yescas, Naomi, and Zaritsky, Dennis
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Optics
Abstract: Aspera is a NASA Astrophysics Pioneers SmallSat mission designed to study diffuse OVI emission from the warm-hot phase gas in the halos of nearby galaxies. Its payload consists of two identical Rowland Circle-type long-slit spectrographs, sharing a single MicroChannel plate detector. Each spectrograph channel consists of an off-axis parabola primary mirror and a toroidal diffraction grating optimized for the 1013-1057 Angstroms bandpass. Despite the simple configuration, the optical alignment/integration process for Aspera is challenging due to tight optical alignment tolerances, driven by the compact form factor, and the contamination sensitivity of the Far-Ultraviolet optics and detectors. In this paper, we discuss implementing a novel multi-phase approach to meet these requirements using state-of-the-art optical metrology tools. For coarsely positioning the optics we use a blue-laser 3D scanner while the fine alignment is done with a Zygo interferometer and a custom computer-generated hologram. The detector focus requires iterative in-vacuum alignment using a Vacuum UV collimator. The alignment is done in a controlled cleanroom facility at the University of Arizona., Comment: Manuscript submitted for Proceedings of Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2024, Paper no. 13093-9
Published: 2024

10. Swift-BAT GUANO follow-up of gravitational-wave triggers in the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run

Author: Raman, Gayathri, Ronchini, Samuele, Delaunay, James, Tohuvavohu, Aaron, Kennea, Jamie A., Parsotan, Tyler, Ambrosi, Elena, Bernardini, Maria Grazia, Campana, Sergio, Cusumano, Giancarlo, D'Ai, Antonino, D'Avanzo, Paolo, D'Elia, Valerio, De Pasquale, Massimiliano, Dichiara, Simone, Evans, Phil, Hartmann, Dieter, Kuin, Paul, Melandri, Andrea, O'Brien, Paul, Osborne, Julian P., Page, Kim, Palmer, David M., Sbarufatti, Boris, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Troja, Eleonora, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abe, H., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adamcewicz, C., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Bai, Y., Baier, J. G., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Barthelmy, S. D., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Bogaert, G., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boumerdassi, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, Z., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castaldi, G., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, C., Chan, J. C. L., Chan, K. H. M., Chan, M., Chan, W. L., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Chapman-Bird, C., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, K. H., Chen, X., Chen, Yi-Ru, Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiang, C., Chiarini, G., Chiba, A., Chiba, R., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chung, K. W., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Cousins, B., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Croquette, M., Crouch, R., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darroch, K. E., Dartez, L. P., Dasgupta, A., Datta, S., Dattilo, V., Daumas, A., Davari, N., Dave, I., Davenport, A., Davier, M., Davies, T. F., Davis, D., Davis, L., Davis, M. C., Daw, E. 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C., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sekiguchi, Y., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Seo, E. G., Seo, J. W., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Serra, M., Servignat, G., Setyawati, Y., Shaffer, T., Shah, U. S., Shahriar, M. S., Shaikh, M. A., Shams, B., Shao, L., Sharma, A. K., Sharma, P., Sharma-Chaudhary, S., Shawhan, P., Shcheblanov, N. S., Shen, B., Shikano, Y., Shikauchi, M., Shimode, K., Shinkai, H., Shiota, J., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Short, R. W., ShyamSundar, S., Sider, A., Siegel, H., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Silenzi, L., Simmonds, M., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singh, D., Singh, M. K., Singha, A., Sintes, A. M., Sipala, V., Skliris, V., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slaven-Blair, T. J., Smetana, J., Smith, J. R., Smith, L., Smith, R. J. E., Smith, W. J., Soldateschi, J., Somala, S. N., Somiya, K., Soni, K., Soni, S., Sordini, V., Sorrentino, F., Sorrentino, N., Soulard, R., Souradeep, T., Southgate, A., Sowell, E., Spagnuolo, V., Spencer, A. P., Spera, M., Spinicelli, P., Srivastava, A. K., Stachurski, F., Steer, D. A., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Stergioulas, N., Stevens, P., StPierre, M., Strang, L. C., Stratta, G., Strong, M. D., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Suchenek, M., Sudhagar, S., Sueltmann, N., Sullivan, A. G., Sullivan, K. D., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Sur, A., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Suzuki, Takamasa, Suzuki, Takanori, Swinkels, B. L., Syx, A., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Szewczyk, P., Tacca, M., Tagoshi, H., Tait, S. C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takamori, A., Takatani, K., Takeda, H., Takeda, M., Talbot, C. J., Talbot, C., Tamaki, M., Tamanini, N., Tanabe, D., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, S. J., Tanaka, T., Tanasijczuk, A. J., Tang, D., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, L., Tapia, R. D., Martín, E. N. Tapia San, Tarafder, R., Taranto, C., Taruya, A., Tasson, J. D., Teloi, M., Tenorio, R., Themann, H., Theodoropoulos, A., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, L. M., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tissino, J., Tiwari, A., Tiwari, Shubhanshu, Tiwari, Srishti, Tiwari, V., Todd, M. R., Toivonen, A. M., Toland, K., Tolley, A. E., Tomaru, T., Tomita, K., Tomura, T., Tong-Yu, C., Toriyama, A., Toropov, N., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Toscani, M., Melo, I. Tosta e, Tournefier, E., Trani, A. A., Trapananti, A., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trenado, J., Trevor, M., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Troiano, L., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Trudeau, R. J., Tsang, T. T. L., Tso, R., Tsuchida, S., Tsukada, L., Tsutsui, T., Turbang, K., Turconi, M., Turski, C., Ubach, H., Ubhi, A. S., Uchikata, N., Uchiyama, T., Udall, R. P., Uehara, T., Ueno, K., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Ushiba, T., Utina, A., Vacatello, M., Vahlbruch, H., Vaidya, N., Vajente, G., Vajpeyi, A., Valdes, G., Valencia, J., Valentini, M., Vallejo-Peña, S. A., Vallero, S., Valsan, V., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., van Dael, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Sluys, M., Van de Walle, A., van Dongen, J., Vandra, K., van Haevermaet, H., van Heijningen, J. V., Vanosky, J., van Putten, M. H. P. M., van Ranst, Z., van Remortel, N., Vardaro, M., Vargas, A. F., Varma, V., Vasúth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venikoudis, S., Venneberg, J., Verdier, P., Verkindt, D., Verma, B., Verma, P., Verma, Y., Vermeulen, S. M., Veske, D., Vetrano, F., Veutro, A., Vibhute, A. M., Viceré, A., Vidyant, S., Viets, A. D., Vijaykumar, A., Vilkha, A., Villa-Ortega, V., Vincent, E. T., Vinet, J. -Y., Viret, S., Virtuoso, A., Vitale, S., Vocca, H., Voigt, D., von Reis, E. R. G., von Wrangel, J. S. A., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Wagner, K. J., Walet, R. C., Walker, M., Wallace, G. S., Wallace, L., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Wang, Z., Waratkar, G., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Washimi, T., Washington, N. Y., Watarai, D., Wayt, K. E., Weaver, B., Weaving, C. R., Webster, S. A., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Weller, C. M., Weller, R. A., Wellmann, F., Wen, L., Weßels, P., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., White, D. D., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wildberger, J. B., Wilk, O. S., Wilken, D., Willetts, K., Williams, D., Williams, M. J., Williams, N. S., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wils, M., Wipf, C. C., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Wolfe, N. E., Wong, D., Wong, H. T., Wong, H. W. Y., Wong, I. C. F., Wright, J. L., Wright, M., Wu, C., Wu, D. S., Wu, H., Wysocki, D. M., Xiao, L., Xu, V. A., Xu, Y., Yadav, N., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, M., Yamamoto, T. S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamura, S., Yamazaki, R., Yan, S., Yan, T., Yang, F. W., Yang, F., Yang, K. Z., Yang, L. -C., Yang, Y., Yarbrough, Z., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Yeung, S. M. C., Yin, X., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yu, H., Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zannelli, A. J., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zeoli, M., Zerrad, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, A. C., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhong, S., Zhou, R., Zhu, Z. -H., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We present results from a search for X-ray/gamma-ray counterparts of gravitational-wave (GW) candidates from the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) network using the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT). The search includes 636 GW candidates received in low latency, 86 of which have been confirmed by the offline analysis and included in the third cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogs (GWTC-3). Targeted searches were carried out on the entire GW sample using the maximum--likelihood NITRATES pipeline on the BAT data made available via the GUANO infrastructure. We do not detect any significant electromagnetic emission that is temporally and spatially coincident with any of the GW candidates. We report flux upper limits in the 15-350 keV band as a function of sky position for all the catalog candidates. For GW candidates where the Swift-BAT false alarm rate is less than 10$^{-3}$ Hz, we compute the GW--BAT joint false alarm rate. Finally, the derived Swift-BAT upper limits are used to infer constraints on the putative electromagnetic emission associated with binary black hole mergers., Comment: 50 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2024

11. In-plane staging in lithium-ion intercalation of bilayer graphene

Author: Astles, Thomas, McHugh, James G., Zhang, Rui, Guo, Qian, Howe, Madeleine, Wu, Zefei, Indykiewicz, Kornelia, Summerfield, Alex, Goodwin, Zachary A. H., Slizovskiy, Sergey, Domaretskiy, Daniil, Geim, Andre K., Falko, Vladimir, and Grigorieva, Irina V.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: The ongoing efforts to optimize Li-ion batteries led to the interest in intercalation of nanoscale layered compounds, including bilayer graphene. Its lithium intercalation has been demonstrated recently but the mechanisms underpinning the storage capacity remain poorly understood. Here, using magnetotransport measurements, we report in-operando intercalation dynamics of bilayer graphene. Unexpectedly, we find four distinct intercalation stages that correspond to well-defined Li-ion densities. We refer to these stages as 'in-plane', with no in-plane analogues in bulk graphite. The fully intercalated bilayers represent a stoichiometric compound C14LiC14 with a Li density of 2.7x10^{14} cm^{-2}, notably lower than fully intercalated graphite. Combining the experimental findings and DFT calculations, we show that the critical step in bilayer intercalation is a transition from AB to AA stacking which occurs at a density of 0.9x10^{14} cm^{-2}. Our findings reveal the mechanism and limits for electrochemical intercalation of bilayer graphene and suggest possible avenues for increasing the Li storage capacity., Comment: 30 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2024
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12. Panopticon: a telescope for our times

Author: Saunders, Will, Chin, Timothy, and Goodwin, Michael
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a design for a wide-field spectroscopic telescope. The only large powered mirror is spherical, the resulting spherical aberration is corrected for each target separately, giving exceptional image quality. The telescope is a transit design, but still allows all-sky coverage. Three simultaneous modes are proposed: (a) natural seeing multi-object spectroscopy with 12m aperture over 3dg FoV with ~25,000 targets; (b) multi-object AO with 12m aperture over 3dg FoV with ~100 AO-corrected Integral Field Units each with 4 arcsec FoV; (c) ground layer AO-corrected integral field spectroscopy with 15m aperture and 13 arcmin FoV. Such a telescope would be uniquely powerful for large-area follow-up of imaging surveys; in each mode, the AOmega and survey speed exceed all existing facilities combined. The expected cost of this design is relatively modest, much closer to $500M than $1000M., Comment: 10 pages. SPIE 13094-191, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes X, Yokohama 2024
Published: 2024

13. 'I Personally Wouldn't Know Where to Go': Adolescents' Perceptions of Mental Health Services

Author: John Goodwin, Eileen Savage, and Aine O'Donovan
Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of mental health services from the perspectives of adolescents with no prior service experience. Thirty students in the Transition Year (fourth year) of secondary school participated in this study: 22 females and 8 males, aged 15 to 16. There was equal distribution across rural and urban settings. Participants had no prior experience of accessing mental health services. Data were collected in secondary school settings in the Republic of Ireland. An interpretive description approach guided this study. Data were collected through individual interviews. To complement interviews, participants drew images of mental health care environments and mental health staff members; drawings were not subjected to analysis. Data (participant interviews) were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Three themes were identified. Participants suggested that "mental health services" differed from "psychiatric services," with the latter term perceived more negatively. Uncertainty about how to access these services was voiced. Considering the vulnerability of adolescents to the experience of mental distress, education around mental health services is warranted. It is expected that provision of education in this area would enhance service delivery, improve adolescents' help-seeking behaviors for mental distress, and reduce stigma.
Published: 2024
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14. Case Study: Promising Practices to Advance DEI among Non-Profit Boards

Author: Aurora Institute, Loretta Goodwin, Jennifer Kabaker, and Kumea Shorter-Gooden
Abstract: The Aurora Institute works to drive the transformation of education systems and accelerate the advancement of breakthrough policies and practices to ensure high-quality learning for all. In pursuing this mission, Aurora has built the values of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), as well as anti-racism, into its strategic plan. To support its DEI goals and provide structure around organizational learning, Aurora received a three-year grant from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI). The grant included an explicit focus on engaging the Aurora Board of Directors in DEI work to advance the organization. This case study describes Aurora's Board of Directors' evolution and growth with respect to DEI, from November 2020 through July 2023.
Published: 2023

15. Monogamous subvarieties of the nilpotent cone

Author: Goodwin, Simon M., Pengelly, Rachel, Stewart, David I., and Thomas, Adam R.
Subjects: Mathematics - Representation Theory, 17B45 (Primary) 17B50 (Secondary)
Abstract: Let $G$ be a reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field $k$ of prime characteristic not $2$, whose Lie algebra is denoted $\mathfrak{g}$. We call a subvariety $\mathfrak{X}$ of the nilpotent cone $N \subset \mathfrak{g}$ monogamous if for every $e\in \mathfrak{X}$, the $\mathfrak{sl}_2$-triples $(e,h,f)$ with $f\in \mathfrak{X}$ are conjugate under the centraliser $C_G(e)$. Building on work by the first two authors, we show there is a unique maximal closed $G$-stable monogamous subvariety $V \subset N$ and that it is an orbit closure, hence irreducible. We show that $V$ can also be characterised in terms of Serre's $G$-complete reducibility., Comment: 15 pages
Published: 2024

16. The Blue Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (BlueMUSE) on the VLT: science drivers and overview of instrument design

Author: Richard, Johan, Giroud, Rémi, Laurent, Florence, Krajnović, Davor, Jeanneau, Alexandre, Bacon, Roland, Abreu, Manuel, Adamo, Angela, Araujo, Ricardo, Bouché, Nicolas, Brinchmann, Jarle, Cai, Zhemin, Castro, Norberto, Calcines, Ariadna, Chapuis, Diane, Claeyssens, Adélaïde, Cortese, Luca, Daddi, Emanuele, Davison, Christopher, Goodwin, Michael, Harris, Robert, Hayes, Matthew, Jauzac, Mathilde, Kelz, Andreas, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Lanotte, Audrey A., Lawrence, Jon, Bouteiller, Vianney Le, Breton, Rémy Le, Lehnert, Matthew, Sanchez, Angel Lopez, McGregor, Helen, McLeod, Anna F., Monteiro, Manuel, Morris, Simon, Opitom, Cyrielle, Pécontal, Arlette, Robertson, David, Roth, Martin M., van de Sande, Jesse, Smith, Russell, Steinmetz, Matthias, Swinbank, Mark, Urrutia, Tanya, Verhamme, Anne, Weilbacher, Peter M., Wendt, Martin, Wildi, François, Zheng, Jessica, and consortium, The BlueMUSE
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: BlueMUSE is a blue-optimised, medium spectral resolution, panoramic integral field spectrograph under development for the Very Large Telescope (VLT). With an optimised transmission down to 350 nm, spectral resolution of R$\sim$3500 on average across the wavelength range, and a large FoV (1 arcmin$^2$), BlueMUSE will open up a new range of galactic and extragalactic science cases facilitated by its specific capabilities. The BlueMUSE consortium includes 9 institutes located in 7 countries and is led by the Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL). The BlueMUSE project development is currently in Phase A, with an expected first light at the VLT in 2031. We introduce here the Top Level Requirements (TLRs) derived from the main science cases, and then present an overview of the BlueMUSE system and its subsystems fulfilling these TLRs. We specifically emphasize the tradeoffs that are made and the key distinctions compared to the MUSE instrument, upon which the system architecture is built., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, proceedings of the SPIE astronomical telescopes and instrumentation conference, Yokohama, 16-21 June
Published: 2024
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17. Negative thermal expansion in transition-metal dicyanides: the hidden role of the underlying diamondoid framework

Author: Guéroult, Quentin, Bulled, Jonathan, Patteson, Henry, Coates, Chloe, Smith, Ronald, Playford, Helen, Keen, David, and Goodwin, Andrew
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: The transition-metal dicyanides M(CN)$_2$ (M = Zn, Cd) are amongst the most important negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials known, favoured for the magnitude, isotropy, and thermal persistence of the NTE behaviour they show. The conventional picture of the NTE mechanism in this family is one of correlated rotations and translations of M(C/N)$_4$ polyhedra acting to draw the diamondoid network of M--CN--M linkages in on itself. An implication of this mechanism is increased transverse vibrational motion of C and N atoms relative to the isotropic displacements of M atoms, which act as anchors. Here, we use a combination of neutron total scattering measurements and \emph{ab initio} calculations to reassess the vibrational behaviour of the M(CN)$_2$ family. We find that M, C, and N atoms all exhibit similar degrees of local thermal motion, such that the cyanide linkages behave as pseudo-springs connecting M$\ldots$M pairs. This interpretation leads us to uncover a `hidden' dispersion in the M(CN)$_2$ phonon dispersions, closely related to that of diamond and silicon themselves. By virtue of this mapping, a simple geometric model based on the competing energy scales of network stretching and flexing -- long applied to interpret NTE modes in C and Si -- turns out to capture the key NTE physics of M(CN)$_2$, especially at low temperatures. Our study highlights the potential insight gained by coarse-graining the complex lattice dynamics of framework materials in terms of what we call `framework modes' -- the correlated distortions of the underlying network structure itself.
Published: 2024

18. Synth-SBDH: A Synthetic Dataset of Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health for Clinical Text

Author: Mitra, Avijit, Druhl, Emily, Goodwin, Raelene, and Yu, Hong
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract: Social and behavioral determinants of health (SBDH) play a crucial role in health outcomes and are frequently documented in clinical text. Automatically extracting SBDH information from clinical text relies on publicly available good-quality datasets. However, existing SBDH datasets exhibit substantial limitations in their availability and coverage. In this study, we introduce Synth-SBDH, a novel synthetic dataset with detailed SBDH annotations, encompassing status, temporal information, and rationale across 15 SBDH categories. We showcase the utility of Synth-SBDH on three tasks using real-world clinical datasets from two distinct hospital settings, highlighting its versatility, generalizability, and distillation capabilities. Models trained on Synth-SBDH consistently outperform counterparts with no Synth-SBDH training, achieving up to 62.5% macro-F improvements. Additionally, Synth-SBDH proves effective for rare SBDH categories and under-resource constraints. Human evaluation demonstrates a Human-LLM alignment of 71.06% and uncovers areas for future refinements., Comment: Github: https://github.com/avipartho/Synth-SBDH
Published: 2024

19. Recognizing weighted means in geodesic spaces

Author: Goodwin, Ariel, Lewis, Adrian S., Lopez-Acedo, Genaro, and Nicolae, Adriana
Subjects: Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, 90C48, 57Z25, 65K10, 49M29, G.1.6
Abstract: Geodesic metric spaces support a variety of averaging constructions for given finite sets. Computing such averages has generated extensive interest in diverse disciplines. Here we consider the inverse problem of recognizing computationally whether or not a given point is such an average, exactly or approximately. In nonpositively curved spaces, several averaging notions, including the usual weighted barycenter, produce the same "mean set". In such spaces, at points where the tangent cone is a Euclidean space, the recognition problem reduces to Euclidean projection onto a polytope. Hadamard manifolds comprise one example. Another consists of CAT(0) cubical complexes, at relative-interior points: the recognition problem is harder for general points, but we present an efficient semidefinite-programming-based algorithm.
Published: 2024

20. Coexisting charge density waves in twisted bilayer NbSe2

Author: Cheung, Christopher T. S., Goodwin, Zachary A. H., Han, Yixuan, Lu, Jiong, Mostofi, Arash A., and Lischner, Johannes
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: Twisted bilayers of two-dimensional materials have emerged as a highly tunable platform for studying broken symmetry phases. While most interest has been focused on emergent states in systems whose constituent monolayers do not feature broken symmetry states, assembling monolayers that exhibit ordered states into twisted bilayers can also give rise to interesting phenomena. Here, we use large-scale first-principles density-functional theory calculations to study the atomic structure of twisted bilayer $\mathrm{{N}b{S}e_2}$ whose constituent monolayers feature a charge density wave. We find that different charge density wave states coexist in the ground state of the twisted bilayer: monolayer-like $3\times 3$ triangular and hexagonal charge density waves are observed in low-energy stacking regions, while stripe charge density waves are found in the domain walls surrounding the low-energy stacking regions. These predictions, which can be tested by scanning tunneling microscopy experiments, highlight the potential to create complex charge density wave ground states in twisted bilayer systems and can serve as a starting point for understanding superconductivity occurring at low temperatures.
Published: 2024

21. A Contact Binary Mis-Classified as an Ellipsoidal Variable: Complications for Detached Black Hole Searches

Author: O'Doherty, Tyrone N., Bahramian, Arash, Goodwin, Adelle J., Miller-Jones, James C. A., Orosz, Jerome A., and Strader, Jay
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Identifying sources exhibiting ellipsoidal variability in large photometric surveys is becoming a promising method to search for candidate detached black holes in binaries. This technique aims to exploit the orbital-phase dependent modulation in optical photometry caused by the black hole distorting the shape of the luminous star to constrain the mass ratio of the binary. Without understanding if, or how much, contamination is present in the candidate black hole samples produced by this new technique it is hard to leverage them for black hole discovery. Here, we follow up one of the best candidates identified from Gaia Data Release 3, Gaia DR3 4042390512917208960, with a radial velocity campaign. Combined photometric and radial velocity modelling, along with spectral disentangling, suggests that the true mass ratio (mass of the unseen object divided by the mass of the luminous star) is an order of magnitude smaller than that inferred assuming the modulations arise from ellipsoidal variability. We therefore infer that this system is likely a contact binary, or on the boundary of both stars nearly filling their Roche lobes, however, further observations are required to confidently detect the secondary. We find that the well-known problem of discriminating between ellipsoidal and contact binary light curves results in a larger contamination from contact binaries than previously suggested. Until ellipsoidal variables can be reliably distinguished from contact binaries, samples of black hole candidates selected based on ellipsoidal variability are likely to be highly contaminated by contact binaries or similar systems., Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ. 16 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Updated description of ASAS-SN ellipsoidal search in Section 4.4 and author affiliations
Published: 2024

22. Maximum Manifold Capacity Representations in State Representation Learning

Author: Meng, Li, Goodwin, Morten, Yazidi, Anis, and Engelstad, Paal
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: The expanding research on manifold-based self-supervised learning (SSL) builds on the manifold hypothesis, which suggests that the inherent complexity of high-dimensional data can be unraveled through lower-dimensional manifold embeddings. Capitalizing on this, DeepInfomax with an unbalanced atlas (DIM-UA) has emerged as a powerful tool and yielded impressive results for state representations in reinforcement learning. Meanwhile, Maximum Manifold Capacity Representation (MMCR) presents a new frontier for SSL by optimizing class separability via manifold compression. However, MMCR demands extensive input views, resulting in significant computational costs and protracted pre-training durations. Bridging this gap, we present an innovative integration of MMCR into existing SSL methods, incorporating a discerning regularization strategy that enhances the lower bound of mutual information. We also propose a novel state representation learning method extending DIM-UA, embedding a nuclear norm loss to enforce manifold consistency robustly. On experimentation with the Atari Annotated RAM Interface, our method improves DIM-UA significantly with the same number of target encoding dimensions. The mean F1 score averaged over categories is 78% compared to 75% of DIM-UA. There are also compelling gains when implementing SimCLR and Barlow Twins. This supports our SSL innovation as a paradigm shift, enabling more nuanced high-dimensional data representations.
Published: 2024

23. Convex optimization on CAT(0) cubical complexes

Author: Goodwin, Ariel, Lewis, Adrian S., Lopez-Acedo, Genaro, and Nicolae, Adriana
Subjects: Mathematics - Optimization and Control, 90C48, 52A41, 57Z25, 65K05, F.2.1
Abstract: We consider geodesically convex optimization problems involving distances to a finite set of points $A$ in a CAT(0) cubical complex. Examples include the minimum enclosing ball problem, the weighted mean and median problems, and the feasibility and projection problems for intersecting balls with centers in $A$. We propose a decomposition approach relying on standard Euclidean cutting plane algorithms. The cutting planes are readily derivable from efficient algorithms for computing geodesics in the complex.
Published: 2024

24. Teaching Algorithm Design: A Literature Review

Author: Liu, Jonathan, Poulsen, Seth, Goodwin, Erica, Chen, Hongxuan, Williams, Grace, Gertner, Yael, and Franklin, Diana
Subjects: Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract: Algorithm design is a vital skill developed in most undergraduate Computer Science (CS) programs, but few research studies focus on pedagogy related to algorithms coursework. To understand the work that has been done in the area, we present a systematic survey and literature review of CS Education studies. We search for research that is both related to algorithm design and evaluated on undergraduate-level students. Across all papers in the ACM Digital Library prior to August 2023, we only find 94 such papers. We first classify these papers by topic, evaluation metric, evaluation methods, and intervention target. Through our classification, we find a broad sparsity of papers which indicates that many open questions remain about teaching algorithm design, with each algorithm topic only being discussed in between 0 and 10 papers. We also note the need for papers using rigorous research methods, as only 38 out of 88 papers presenting quantitative data use statistical tests, and only 15 out of 45 papers presenting qualitative data use a coding scheme. Only 17 papers report controlled trials. We then synthesize the results of the existing literature to give insights into what the corpus reveals about how we should teach algorithms. Much of the literature explores implementing well-established practices, such as active learning or automated assessment, in the algorithms classroom. However, there are algorithms-specific results as well: a number of papers find that students may under-utilize certain algorithmic design techniques, and studies describe a variety of ways to select algorithms problems that increase student engagement and learning. The results we present, along with the publicly available set of papers collected, provide a detailed representation of the current corpus of CS Education work related to algorithm design and can orient further research in the area.
Published: 2024

25. Observation of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a $2.5\text{-}4.5~M_\odot$ Compact Object and a Neutron Star

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akçay, S., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Arun, K. G., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Azrad, D., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentara, I., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blagg, L. A., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boudon, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brandt, J., Braun, I., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cáceres-Barbosa, V., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, J. C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chao, S., Char, P., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chattopadhyay, D., Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chatziioannou, K., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K. H., Chen, Y., Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Cheung, S. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chugh, P., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, J., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colace, S., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Connolly, G., Conti, L., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Crook, S., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Pra, S. Dal, Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darroch, K. E., Dartez, L. P., Dasgupta, A., Datta, S., Dattilo, V., Daumas, A., Davari, N., Dave, I., Davenport, A., Davier, M., Davies, T. F., Davis, D., Davis, L., Davis, M. C., Davis, P. J., Dax, M., De Bolle, J., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., De Lillo, F., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., De Marco, F., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., DePergola, N., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhani, A., Diab, R., Díaz, M. C., Di Cesare, M., Dideron, G., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Diksha, D., Di Michele, A., Ding, J., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divyajyoti, Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Dohmen, E., Doleva, P. P., Dominguez, D., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Dooney, T., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Ducoin, J. -G., Dunn, L., Dupletsa, U., D'Urso, D., Duval, H., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Einsle, H., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Eleveld, R. M., Emma, M., Endo, K., Engl, A. J., Enloe, E., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Farah, A. M., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Felicetti, R., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Ferraiuolo, S., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fleischer, S. M., Fleming, L. S., Floden, E., Foley, E. M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fujimori, T., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Galdi, V., Gallagher, H., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Garaventa, B., García-Bellido, J., Núñez, C. García, García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., Gennari, V., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Sayantan, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. Gomez, Goncharov, B., Gong, Y., González, G., Goodarzi, P., Goode, S., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gosselin, M., Göttel, A. S., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Govorkova, K., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granados, A. E., Granata, M., Granata, V., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, A., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, S. M., Green, S. R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimaud, C., Grote, H., Guerra, D., Guetta, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Gulati, H. K., Gulminelli, F., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, Ish, Gupta, N. C., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, T., Gupte, N., Gurs, J., Gutierrez, N., Guzman, F., H, H. -Y., Haba, D., Haberland, M., Haino, S., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanselman, A. G., Hansen, H., Hanson, J., Harada, R., Hardison, A. R., Haris, K., Harmark, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, J., Haskell, B., Haster, C. -J., Hathaway, J. S., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Hayes, R., Heffernan, A., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Henderson-Sapir, O., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Henshaw, C., Hertog, T., Heurs, M., Hewitt, A. L., Heyns, J., Higginbotham, S., Hild, S., Hill, S., Himemoto, Y., Hirata, N., Hirose, C., Hoang, S., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Holland, N. A., Holley-Bockelmann, K., Holmes, Z. J., Holz, D. E., Honet, L., Hong, C., Hornung, J., Hoshino, S., Hough, J., Hourihane, S., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hrishikesh, C. A., Hsieh, H. -F., Hsiung, C., Hsu, H. C., Hsu, W. -F., Hu, P., Hu, Q., Huang, H. Y., Huang, Y. -J., Huddart, A. D., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. Y., Hui, V., Husa, S., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Iampieri, L., Iandolo, G. A., Ianni, M., Iess, A., Imafuku, H., Inayoshi, K., Inoue, Y., Iorio, G., Iqbal, M. H., Irwin, J., Ishikawa, R., Isi, M., Ismail, M. A., Itoh, Y., Iwanaga, H., Iwaya, M., Iyer, B. R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacquet, C., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., James, P. A., Jamshidi, R., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaraba, S., Jaranowski, P., Jaume, R., Javed, W., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Kubisz, J., Johanson, C., Johns, G. R., Johnson, N. A., Johnson-McDaniel, N. K., Johnston, M. C., Johnston, R., Johny, N., Jones, D. H., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jose, S., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kajita, T., Kaku, I., Kalaghatgi, C., Kalogera, V., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karat, S., Karathanasis, C., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Kato, T., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaushik, R., Kawabe, K., Kawamoto, R., Kazemi, A., Kedia, A., Keitel, D., Kelley-Derzon, J., Kennington, J., Kesharwani, R., Key, J. S., Khadela, R., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, F., Khan, I., Khanam, T., Khursheed, M., Khusid, N. M., Kiendrebeogo, W., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, M. H., Kim, S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kinnear, M., Kissel, J. S., Klimenko, S., Knee, A. M., Knust, N., Kobayashi, K., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Kossak, R. V., Kou, X., Koushik, A., Kouvatsos, N., Kovalam, M., Kozak, D. B., Kranzhoff, S. L., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kruska, K., Kuehn, G., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Ramamohan, A. Kulur, Kumar, A., Kumar, Praveen, Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuntimaddi, N., Kuroyanagi, S., Kurth, N. J., Kuwahara, S., Kwak, K., Kwan, K., Kwok, J., Lacaille, G., Lagabbe, P., Laghi, D., Lai, S., Laity, A. H., Lakkis, M. H., Lalande, E., Lalleman, M., Lalremruati, P. C., Landry, M., Landry, P., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rana, A., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Lawrence, J., Lawrence, M. N., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lee, R. -K., Lee, R., Lee, S., Lee, Y., Legred, I. N., Lehmann, J., Lehner, L., Jean, M. Le, Lemaître, A., Lenti, M., Leonardi, M., Lequime, M., Leroy, N., Lesovsky, M., Letendre, N., Lethuillier, M., Levin, S. E., Levin, Y., Leyde, K., Li, A. K. Y., Li, K. L., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Li, Z., Lihos, A., Lin, C-Y., Lin, C. -Y., Lin, E. T., Lin, F., Lin, H., Lin, L. C. -C., Lin, Y. -C., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, A., Liu, G. C., Liu, Jian, Villarreal, F. Llamas, Llobera-Querol, J., Lo, R. K. L., Locquet, J. -P., London, L. T., Longo, A., Lopez, D., Portilla, M. Lopez, Lorenzini, M., Lorenzo-Medina, A., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lott IV, T. P., Lough, J. D., Loughlin, H. A., Lousto, C. O., Lowry, M. J., Lu, N., Lück, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Lussier, A. W., Ma, L. -T., Ma, S., Ma'arif, M., Macas, R., Macedo, A., MacInnis, M., Maciy, R. R., Macleod, D. M., MacMillan, I. A. O., Macquet, A., Macri, D., Maeda, K., Maenaut, S., Hernandez, I. Magaña, Magare, S. S., Magazzù, C., Magee, R. M., Maggio, E., Maggiore, R., Magnozzi, M., Mahesh, M., Mahesh, S., Maini, M., Majhi, S., Majorana, E., Makarem, C. N., Makelele, E., Malaquias-Reis, J. A., Mali, U., Maliakal, S., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mannix, B., Mansell, G. L., Mansingh, G., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Pina, D. Marín, Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marsat, S., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinez, B. B., Martinez, M., Martinez, V., Martini, A., Martinovic, K., Martins, J. C., Martynov, D. V., Marx, E. J., Massaro, L., Masserot, A., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrodicasa, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matcovich, T., Matiushechkina, M., Matsuyama, M., Mavalvala, N., Maxwell, N., McCarrol, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McEachin, S., McElhenny, C., McGhee, G. I., McGinn, J., McGowan, K. B. M., McIver, J., McLeod, A., McRae, T., Meacher, D., Meijer, Q., Melatos, A., Mellaerts, S., Menendez-Vazquez, A., Menoni, C. S., Mera, F., Mercer, R. A., Mereni, L., Merfeld, K., Merilh, E. L., Mérou, J. R., Merritt, J. D., Merzougui, M., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyer-Conde, M., Meylahn, F., Mhaske, A., Miani, A., Miao, H., Michaloliakos, I., Michel, C., Michimura, Y., Middleton, H., Miller, A. L., Miller, S., Millhouse, M., Milotti, E., Milotti, V., Minenkov, Y., Mio, N., Mir, Ll. M., Mirasola, L., Miravet-Tenés, M., Miritescu, C. -A., Mishra, A. K., Mishra, A., Mishra, C., Mishra, T., Mitchell, A. L., Mitchell, J. G., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mittleman, R., Miyakawa, O., Miyamoto, S., Miyoki, S., Mo, G., Mobilia, L., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Mohite, S. R., Molina-Ruiz, M., Mondal, C., Mondin, M., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., More, A., More, S., Moreno, G., Morgan, C., Morisaki, S., Moriwaki, Y., Morras, G., Moscatello, A., Mourier, P., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Muciaccia, F., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, Samanwaya, Mukherjee, Soma, Mukherjee, Subroto, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Mundi, J., Mungioli, C. L., Oberg, W. R. Munn, Murakami, Y., Murakoshi, M., Murray, P. G., Muusse, S., Nabari, D., Nadji, S. L., Nagar, A., Nagarajan, N., Nagler, K. N., Nakagaki, K., Nakamura, K., Nakano, H., Nakano, M., Nandi, D., Napolano, V., Narayan, P., Nardecchia, I., Narikawa, T., Narola, H., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Neilson, J., Nelson, A., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Ng, S., Quynh, L. Nguyen, Nichols, S. A., Nielsen, A. B., Nieradka, G., Niko, A., Nishino, Y., Nishizawa, A., Nissanke, S., Nitoglia, E., Niu, W., Nocera, F., Norman, M., North, C., Novak, J., Siles, J. F. Nuño, Nuttall, L. K., Obayashi, K., Oberling, J., O'Dell, J., Oertel, M., Offermans, A., Oganesyan, G., Oh, J. J., Oh, K., O'Hanlon, T., Ohashi, M., Ohkawa, M., Ohme, F., Oliveira, A. S., Oliveri, R., O'Neal, B., Oohara, K., O'Reilly, B., Ormsby, N. D., Orselli, M., O'Shaughnessy, R., O'Shea, S., Oshima, Y., Oshino, S., Ossokine, S., Osthelder, C., Ota, I., Ottaway, D. J., Ouzriat, A., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pace, A. E., Pagano, R., Page, M. A., Pai, A., Pal, A., Pal, S., Palaia, M. A., Pálfi, M., Palma, P. P., Palomba, C., Palud, P., Pan, H., Pan, J., Pan, K. C., Panai, R., Panda, P. K., Pandey, S., Panebianco, L., Pang, P. T. H., Pannarale, F., Pannone, K. A., Pant, B. C., Panther, F. H., Paoletti, F., Paolone, A., Papalexakis, E. E., Papalini, L., Papigkiotis, G., Paquis, A., Parisi, A., Park, B. -J., Park, J., Parker, W., Pascale, G., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passenger, L., Passuello, D., Patane, O., Pathak, D., Pathak, M., Patra, A., Patricelli, B., Patron, A. S., Paul, K., Paul, S., Payne, E., Pearce, T., Pedraza, M., Pegna, R., Pele, A., Arellano, F. E. Peña, Penn, S., Penuliar, M. D., Perego, A., Pereira, Z., Perez, J. J., Périgois, C., Perna, G., Perreca, A., Perret, J., Perriès, S., Perry, J. W., Pesios, D., Petracca, S., Petrillo, C., Pfeiffer, H. P., Pham, H., Pham, K. A., Phukon, K. S., Phurailatpam, H., Piarulli, M., Piccari, L., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piendibene, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierini, L., Pierra, G., Pierro, V., Pietrzak, M., Pillas, M., Pilo, F., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pinto, M., Piotrzkowski, B. J., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M. D., Placidi, A., Placidi, E., Planas, M. L., Plastino, W., Poggiani, R., Polini, E., Pompili, L., Poon, J., Porcelli, E., Porter, E. K., Posnansky, C., Poulton, R., Powell, J., Pracchia, M., Pradhan, B. K., Pradier, T., Prajapati, A. K., Prasai, K., Prasanna, R., Prasia, P., Pratten, G., Principe, G., Principe, M., Prodi, G. 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S., Sentenac, D., Seo, E. G., Seo, J. W., Sequino, V., Serra, M., Servignat, G., Sevrin, A., Shaffer, T., Shah, U. S., Shaikh, M. A., Shao, L., Sharma, A. K., Sharma, P., Sharma-Chaudhary, S., Shaw, M. R., Shawhan, P., Shcheblanov, N. S., Sheridan, E., Shikano, Y., Shikauchi, M., Shimode, K., Shinkai, H., Shiota, J., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Short, R. W., ShyamSundar, S., Sider, A., Siegel, H., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Silenzi, L., Simmonds, M., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singh, D., Singh, M. K., Singh, S., Singha, A., Sintes, A. M., Sipala, V., Skliris, V., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slaven-Blair, T. J., Smetana, J., Smith, J. R., Smith, L., Smith, R. J. E., Smith, W. J., Soldateschi, J., Somiya, K., Song, I., Soni, K., Soni, S., Sordini, V., Sorrentino, F., Sorrentino, N., Sotani, H., Soulard, R., Southgate, A., Spagnuolo, V., Spencer, A. P., Spera, M., Spinicelli, P., Spoon, J. B., Sprague, C. A., Srivastava, A. K., Stachurski, F., Steer, D. A., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Stergioulas, N., Stevens, P., Stevenson, S., StPierre, M., Stratta, G., Strong, M. D., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Suchenek, M., Sudhagar, S., Sueltmann, N., Suleiman, L., Sullivan, K. D., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, Y., Swinkels, B. L., Syx, A., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Szewczyk, P., Tacca, M., Tagoshi, H., Tait, S. C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takamori, A., Takase, T., Takatani, K., Takeda, H., Takeshita, K., Talbot, C., Tamaki, M., Tamanini, N., Tanabe, D., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, S. J., Tanaka, T., Tang, D., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, L., Tapia, R. D., Martín, E. N. Tapia San, Tarafder, R., Taranto, C., Taruya, A., Tasson, J. D., Teloi, M., Tenorio, R., Themann, H., Theodoropoulos, A., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, L. M., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tissino, J., Tiwari, A., Tiwari, P., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Todd, M. R., Toivonen, A. M., Toland, K., Tolley, A. E., Tomaru, T., Tomita, K., Tomura, T., Tong, H., Tong-Yu, C., Toriyama, A., Toropov, N., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Toscani, M., Melo, I. Tosta e, Tournefier, E., Trapananti, A., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trevor, M., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Troian, G., Troiano, L., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Trudeau, R. J., Tsang, T. T. L., Tsuchida, S., Tsukada, L., Tsutsui, T., Turbang, K., Turconi, M., Turski, C., Ubach, H., Uchikata, N., Uchiyama, T., Udall, R. P., Uehara, T., Uematsu, M., Ueno, K., Ueno, S., Undheim, V., Ushiba, T., Vacatello, M., Vahlbruch, H., Vaidya, N., Vajente, G., Vajpeyi, A., Valdes, G., Valencia, J., Valentini, M., Vallejo-Peña, S. A., Vallero, S., Valsan, V., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., van Dael, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Sluys, M., Van de Walle, A., van Dongen, J., Vandra, K., van Haevermaet, H., van Heijningen, J. 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T., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wildberger, J. B., Wilk, O. S., Wilken, D., Wilkin, A. T., Willadsen, D. J., Willetts, K., Williams, D., Williams, M. J., Williams, N. S., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wils, M., Winterflood, J., Wipf, C. C., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Wolfe, N. E., Wong, H. T., Wong, H. W. Y., Wong, I. C. F., Wright, J. L., Wright, M., Wu, C., Wu, D. S., Wu, H., Wuchner, E., Wysocki, D. M., Xu, V. A., Xu, Y., Yadav, N., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T. S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamura, S., Yamazaki, R., Yan, S., Yan, T., Yang, F. W., Yang, F., Yang, K. Z., Yang, Y., Yarbrough, Z., Yasui, H., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Yin, X., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yu, H., Yuan, S., Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zeoli, M., Zerrad, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, A. C., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhou, R., Zhu, X. -J., Zhu, Z. -H., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We report the observation of a coalescing compact binary with component masses $2.5\text{-}4.5~M_\odot$ and $1.2\text{-}2.0~M_\odot$ (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal GW230529_181500 was observed during the fourth observing run of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA detector network on 2023 May 29 by the LIGO Livingston Observatory. The primary component of the source has a mass less than $5~M_\odot$ at 99% credibility. We cannot definitively determine from gravitational-wave data alone whether either component of the source is a neutron star or a black hole. However, given existing estimates of the maximum neutron star mass, we find the most probable interpretation of the source to be the coalescence of a neutron star with a black hole that has a mass between the most massive neutron stars and the least massive black holes observed in the Galaxy. We provisionally estimate a merger rate density of $55^{+127}_{-47}~\text{Gpc}^{-3}\,\text{yr}^{-1}$ for compact binary coalescences with properties similar to the source of GW230529_181500; assuming that the source is a neutron star-black hole merger, GW230529_181500-like sources constitute about 60% of the total merger rate inferred for neutron star-black hole coalescences. The discovery of this system implies an increase in the expected rate of neutron star-black hole mergers with electromagnetic counterparts and provides further evidence for compact objects existing within the purported lower mass gap., Comment: 45 pages (10 pages author list, 13 pages main text, 1 page acknowledgements, 13 pages appendices, 8 pages bibliography), 17 figures, 16 tables. Update to match version published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Data products available from https://zenodo.org/records/10845779
Published: 2024
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26. Prenatal exposure to social adversity and infant cortisol in the first year of life

Author: Keeton, Victoria F, Hoffmann, Thomas J, Goodwin, Kalisha Moneé, Powell, Bree, Tupuola, Sophia, and Weiss, Sandra J
Subjects: Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Pediatric, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental Health, Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Mind and Body, Violence Research, Pediatric Research Initiative, Clinical Research, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Aetiology, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Child, Hydrocortisone, Longitudinal Studies, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Social Alienation, Stress, Psychological, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Saliva, Social adversity, infant cortisol, prenatal stress, fetal programming, economic hardship, biomarkers, Clinical Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences, Neurosciences
Abstract: Exposure to social adversity has been associated with cortisol dysregulation during pregnancy and in later childhood; less is known about how prenatal exposure to social stressors affects postnatal cortisol of infants. In a secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal study, we tested whether a pregnant woman's reports of social adversity during the third trimester were associated with their infant's resting cortisol at 1, 6, and 12 months postnatal. Our hypothesis was that prenatal exposure to social adversity would be associated with elevation of infants' cortisol. Measures included prenatal survey reports of social stressors and economic hardship, and resting cortisol levels determined from infant saliva samples acquired at each postnatal timepoint. Data were analyzed using linear mixed effects models. The final sample included 189 women and their infants (46.56% assigned female sex at birth). Prenatal economic hardship was significantly associated with infant cortisol at 6 months postnatal; reports of social stressors were not significantly associated with cortisol at any time point. Factors associated with hardship, such as psychological distress or nutritional deficiencies, may alter fetal HPA axis development, resulting in elevated infant cortisol levels. Developmental changes unique to 6 months of age may explain effects at this timepoint. More work is needed to better comprehend the complex pre- and post-natal physiologic and behavioral factors that affect infant HPA axis development and function, and the modifying role of environmental exposures.
Published: 2024

27. Differential and Functional Response Time Item Analysis: An Application to Understanding Paper versus Digital Reading Processes

Author: Sun-Joo Cho, Amanda Goodwin, Matthew Naveiras, and Jorge Salas
Abstract: Despite the growing interest in incorporating response time data into item response models, there has been a lack of research investigating how the effect of speed on the probability of a correct response varies across different groups (e.g., experimental conditions) for various items (i.e., differential response time item analysis). Furthermore, previous research has shown a complex relationship between response time and accuracy, necessitating a functional analysis to understand the patterns that manifest from this relationship. In this study, response time data are incorporated into an item response model for two purposes: (a) to examine how individuals' speed within an experimental condition affects their response accuracy on an item, and (b) to detect the differences in individuals' speed between conditions in the presence of within-condition effects. For these two purposes, by-variable smooth functions are employed to model differential and functional response time effects by experimental condition for each item. This model is illustrated using an empirical data set to describe the effect of individuals' speed on their reading comprehension ability in two experimental conditions of reading medium (paper vs. digital) by item. A simulation study showed that the recovery of parameters and by-variable smooth functions of response time was satisfactory, and that the type I error rate and power of the test for the by-variable smooth function of response time were acceptable in conditions similar to the empirical data set. In addition, the proposed method correctly identified the range of response time where between-condition differences in the effect of response time on the probability of a correct response were accurate.
Published: 2024
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28. Who Is Represented in the Research on Undergraduate Research Experiences in the Natural Sciences? A Review of Literature

Author: Emma C. Goodwin, Logan E. Gin, Allyson Aeschliman, Adwoa Kumi Afoakwa, Bryttani A. Allr, Sarah T. Avalle, Amanda Bell, Jessica Berkheimer, Hannah Brzezinski, Rachel Campos, Hozhoo Emerson, Savage Cree Hess, Arron M. Montelongo, Nereus Noshirwani, W. Levi Shelton, Emma M. Valdez, Jennifer White, Quinn White, Ehren Wittekind, Katelyn M. Cooper, and Sara E. Brownell
Abstract: Positive outcomes from undergraduate research experiences (UREs) have resulted in calls to broaden and diversify participation in research. However, we have little understanding of what demographics are reported and considered in the analyses of student outcomes from UREs. Without this information, it is impossible to assess whether participation in UREs has been diversified and how outcomes may vary by participant identity. Through a comprehensive literature search, we systematically identified 147 peer-reviewed research articles on student participation in UREs in the natural sciences, published between 2014 and 2020. We coded each paper to document which student demographic variables are reported and considered in analyses. The majority (88%) of articles on UREs reported at least one demographic variable and 62% incorporate demographics into their analyses, but demographics beyond gender and race/ethnicity were infrequently considered. Articles on independent research apprenticeships included demographics in their analyses more frequently than studies on course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs). Trends in reporting and analyzing demographics did not change from 2014 to 2020. Future efforts to collect these data will help assess whether goals to diversify UREs are being met and inform how to design UREs to meet the needs of diverse student groups.
Published: 2024
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29. Perspectives from Undergraduate Life Sciences Faculty: Are We Equipped to Effectively Accommodate Students with Disabilities in Our Classrooms?

Author: Emma C. Goodwin, Danielle Pais, Jingyi He, Logan E. Gin, and Sara E. Brownell
Abstract: Higher education has evolved in ways that may increase the challenges life science faculty face in providing accommodations for students with disabilities. Guided by Expectancy-Value Theory, we interviewed 34 life sciences faculty instructors from institutions nationwide to explore faculty motivation to create disability-inclusive educational experiences. We found that faculty in our sample perceive that providing most standard accommodations is a manageable but often challenging task. Further, faculty in our sample feel that improving accommodations necessitates additional support from their institutions. Most faculty had high attainment value for providing accommodations, in that they strongly believed that supporting students with disabilities is the fair and right thing to do. However, faculty did not perceive much utility value or intrinsic value in their task of providing accommodations, and most reported that providing accommodations can be a substantial burden on faculty. These findings imply that current approaches to providing inclusive educational experiences for students with disabilities rely primarily on the personal belief that providing accommodations is the right thing to do, which likely results in a flawed and inequitable system given that not all faculty equally share this conviction.
Published: 2024
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30. The Value of Support: STEM Intervention Programs Impact Student Persistence and Belonging

Author: Erin E. Shortlidge, MacKenzie J. Gray, Suzanne Estes, and Emma C. Goodwin
Abstract: In response to unwaveringly high attrition from STEM pathways, STEM Intervention Programs (SIPs) support STEM students in effort to increase retention. Using mixed methods (survey and focus groups), we studied students at one university who were either supported or unsupported by SIPs to understand how students may differ in experiences believed to contribute to STEM persistence. We evaluated: sense of belonging, scientific self-efficacy, scientific community values, scientific identity, and STEM involvement. The enrollment status of students two and a half years postsurvey was also tracked. SIP students reported significantly higher science identity and sense of belonging and were more involved in STEM-related activities than counterparts unsupported by SIPs. Differences in these measures were correlated with race/ethnicity, college generation status, and age. Notably, SIP students had higher odds of persisting in STEM than students not supported by SIPs. Focus group data provide additional meaning to the measured survey constructs and revealed nuanced qualitative differences between SIP and non-SIP student experiences. Overall, being involved in a SIP at our institution trends positively with theoretical models that explain STEM student persistence. SIPs have the potential to provide and/or facilitate meaningful and critical support, and students without those intentional supports may be left behind.
Published: 2024
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31. Kurt Rowland's Visual Education: A Quiet Force in Post-War Art Pedagogy

Author: Donna Goodwin and P. Bruce Uhrmacher
Abstract: This paper introduces the life and work of art educator and designer Kurt Rowland (1920-1980) who authored the first set of textbooks on visual education and played a role in the shifting world of art and design education in post-war Britian. We detail the foundational experiences of his extraordinary life in the first half of the 20th century including surviving the Spanish Civil War and "La Retirada," being a 'friendly enemy alien', and becoming one of the Dunera boys forced into Australian internment camps. He later went on to develop a new aspect of art and design education he called visual education. We explore Rowland's notion of a visual education, explicating its features, appraising its import, and situating Rowland's ideas to those of his contemporaries. We explore his motivations and how his work advanced art pedagogy. Finally, we argue that Kurt Rowland has been absent in recent literature on art and design education and that his work, which contains elements that have continued relevance today, should not be overlooked.
Published: 2024
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32. Differential and Functional Response Time Item Analysis: An Application to Understanding Paper versus Digital Reading Processes

Author: Sun-Joo Cho, Amanda Goodwin, Matthew Naveiras, and Jorge Salas
Abstract: Despite the growing interest in incorporating response time data into item response models, there has been a lack of research investigating how the effect of speed on the probability of a correct response varies across different groups (e.g., experimental conditions) for various items (i.e., differential response time item analysis). Furthermore, previous research has shown a complex relationship between response time and accuracy, necessitating a functional analysis to understand the patterns that manifest from this relationship. In this study, response time data are incorporated into an item response model for two purposes: (a) to examine how individuals' speed within an experimental condition affects their response accuracy on an item, and (b) to detect the differences in individuals' speed between conditions in the presence of within-condition effects. For these two purposes, by-variable smooth functions are employed to model differential and functional response time effects by experimental condition for each item. This model is illustrated using an empirical data set to describe the effect of individuals' speed on their reading comprehension ability in two experimental conditions of reading medium (paper vs. digital) by item. A simulation study showed that the recovery of parameters and by-variable smooth functions of response time was satisfactory, and that the type I error rate and power of the test for the by-variable smooth function of response time were acceptable in conditions similar to the empirical data set. In addition, the proposed method correctly identified the range of response time where between-condition differences in the effect of response time on the probability of a correct response were accurate. [This is the online version of an article published in "Journal of Educational Measurement."]
Published: 2024
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33. Navigating Racialized Administrative Burdens in Teacher Licensure and Certification

Author: Andrene J. Castro and Taryn Goodwin Traylor
Abstract: Background and Context: Teacher licensure and certification are complex processes that aim to establish standards of teacher quality by regulating entry into the profession. However, many teachers of color experience barriers when navigating licensure and certification. Purpose: Using racialized administrative burdens as a theoretical lens to understand such barriers, this study attends to structural biases assembled in ostensibly race-neutral administrative processes within teacher licensure and certification. Research Design: Embedded within a larger project exploring licensure and certification barriers for teachers of color, data for this qualitative study include interviews with 17 teachers of color and two focus group sessions with licensure administrators--four school district personnel and four university-based licensure administrators. Study Conclusions: We identified racialized administrative burdens related to accessing information and resources, financial strains, and other compliance costs, as well as psychological burdens that rendered disempowering effects on teachers' sense of belonging and persistence. As states consider and implement initiatives to diversify the teacher workforce, this study casts light on the licensure and credentialing process as a policy mechanism to address racialized barriers.
Published: 2024
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34. The Poetics of Authorship in the Later Middle Ages: The Emergence of the Modern Literary Persona by Burt Kimmelman (review)

Author: Goodwin, Amy W.
Published: 2018
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35. Persistent and multiclonal malaria parasite dynamics despite extended artemether-lumefantrine treatment in children.

Author: Goodwin, Justin, Kajubi, Richard, Wang, Kaicheng, Li, Fangyong, Wade, Martina, Orukan, Francis, Huang, Liusheng, Whalen, Meghan, Aweeka, Francesca, Mwebaza, Norah, and Parikh, Sunil
Subjects: Humans, Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination, Antimalarials, Plasmodium falciparum, Child, Preschool, Child, Male, Malaria, Falciparum, Female, Parasitemia, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S, Malaria, Infant, HIV Infections, Artemisinins
Abstract: Standard diagnostics used in longitudinal antimalarial studies are unable to characterize the complexity of submicroscopic parasite dynamics, particularly in high transmission settings. We use molecular markers and amplicon sequencing to characterize post-treatment stage-specific malaria parasite dynamics during a 42 day randomized trial of 3- versus 5 day artemether-lumefantrine in 303 children with and without HIV (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03453840). The prevalence of parasite-derived 18S rRNA is >70% in children throughout follow-up, and the ring-stage marker SBP1 is detectable in over 15% of children on day 14 despite effective treatment. We find that the extended regimen significantly lowers the risk of recurrent ring-stage parasitemia compared to the standard 3 day regimen, and that higher day 7 lumefantrine concentrations decrease the probability of ring-stage parasites in the early post-treatment period. Longitudinal amplicon sequencing reveals remarkably dynamic patterns of multiclonal infections that include new and persistent clones in both the early post-treatment and later time periods. Our data indicate that post-treatment parasite dynamics are highly complex despite efficacious therapy, findings that will inform strategies to optimize regimens in the face of emerging partial artemisinin resistance in Africa.
Published: 2024

36. Patient-Reported Outcomes in OlympiA: A Phase III, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Adjuvant Olaparib in gBRCA1/2 Mutations and High-Risk Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Early Breast Cancer.

Author: Ganz, Patricia, Bandos, Hanna, Španić, Tanja, Friedman, Sue, Müller, Volkmar, Kuemmel, Sherko, Delaloge, Suzette, Brain, Etienne, Toi, Masakazu, Yamauchi, Hideko, de Dueñas, Eduardo-M, Armstrong, Anne, Im, Seock-Ah, Song, Chuan-Gui, Zheng, Hong, Sarosiek, Tomasz, Sharma, Priyanka, Geng, Cuizhi, Fu, Peifen, Rhiem, Kerstin, Frauchiger-Heuer, Heike, Wimberger, Pauline, tKint de Roodenbeke, Daphné, Liao, Ning, Goodwin, Annabel, Chakiba-Brugère, Camille, Friedlander, Michael, Lee, Keun, Giacchetti, Sylvie, Takano, Toshimi, Henao-Carrasco, Fernando, Virani, Shamsuddin, Valdes-Albini, Frances, Domchek, Susan, Bane, Charles, McCarron, Edward, Mita, Monica, Rossi, Giovanna, Rastogi, Priya, Fielding, Anitra, Gelber, Richard, Scheepers, Elsemieke, Cameron, David, Garber, Judy, Geyer, Charles, and Tutt, Andrew
Subjects: Female, Humans, BRCA1 Protein, BRCA2 Protein, Breast Neoplasms, Fatigue, Mutation, Nausea, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Phthalazines, Piperazines, Quality of Life, Receptor, ErbB-2, Vomiting
Abstract: PURPOSE: The OlympiA randomized phase III trial compared 1 year of olaparib (OL) or placebo (PL) as adjuvant therapy in patients with germline BRCA1/2, high-risk human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative early breast cancer after completing (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy ([N]ACT), surgery, and radiotherapy. The patient-reported outcome primary hypothesis was that OL-treated patients may experience greater fatigue during treatment. METHODS: Data were collected before random assignment, and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The primary end point was fatigue, measured with the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue scale. Secondary end points, assessed with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, Core 30 item, included nausea and vomiting (NV), diarrhea, and multiple functional domains. Scores were compared between treatment groups using mixed model for repeated measures. Two-sided P values
Published: 2024

37. Building an Open-Source Community to Enhance Autonomic Nervous System Signal Analysis: DBDP-Autonomic

Author: Dunn, Jessilyn, Mishra, Varun, Shandhi, Md Mobashir Hasan, Jeong, Hayoung, Yamane, Natasha, Watanabe, Yuna, Chen, Bill, and Goodwin, Matthew S.
Subjects: Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract: Smartphones and wearable sensors offer an unprecedented ability to collect peripheral psychophysiological signals across diverse timescales, settings, populations, and modalities. However, open-source software development has yet to keep pace with rapid advancements in hardware technology and availability, creating an analytical barrier that limits the scientific usefulness of acquired data. We propose a community-driven, open-source peripheral psychophysiological signal pre-processing and analysis software framework that could advance biobehavioral health by enabling more robust, transparent, and reproducible inferences involving autonomic nervous system data.
Published: 2024

38. Inferring system parameters from the bursts of the accretion-powered pulsar IGR J17498-2921

Author: Galloway, D. K., Goodwin, A. J., Hilder, T., Waterson, L., and Cupák, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Thermonuclear (type-I) bursts exhibit properties that depend both on the local surface conditions of the neutron stars on which they ignite, as well as the physical parameters of the host binary system. However, constraining the system parameters requires a comprehensive method to compare the observed bursts to simulations. We have further developed the beansp code for this purpose and analysed the bursts observed from IGR J17498-2921, a 401-Hz accretion-powered pulsar, discovered during it's 2011 outburst. We find good agreement with a model having H-deficient fuel with X = 0.15 +/- 0.4, and CNO metallicity about a tenth of the solar value. The model has the system at a distance of 5.7^{+0.6}_{-0.5} kpc, with a massive (approx. 2 M_sun) neutron star and a likely inclination of 60 deg. We also re-analysed the data from the 2002 outburst of the accretion-powered millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658. For that system we find a substantially closer distance than previously inferred, at 2.7 +/- 0.3 kpc, likely driven by a larger degree of burst emission anisotropy. The other system parameters are largely consistent with the previous analysis. We briefly discuss the implications for the evolution of these two systems., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accompanying data at https://dx.doi.org/ 10.26180/24773367; submitted to MNRAS
Published: 2024

39. Optimising finite-time photon extraction from emitter-cavity systems

Author: Hughes, William J., Goodwin, Joseph F., and Horak, Peter
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: We develop methods to find the limits to finite-time single photon extraction from emitter-cavity systems. We first establish analytic upper and lower bounds on the maximum extraction probability from a canonical $\Lambda$-system before developing a numeric method to optimise generic output probabilities from $\Lambda$-systems generalised to multiple ground states. We use these methods to study the limits to finite-time photon extraction and the wavepackets that satisfy them, finding that using an optimised wavepacket ranging between a sinusoidal and exponentially decaying profile can considerably reduce photon duration for a given extraction efficiency. We further optimise the rates of quantum protocols requiring emitter-photon correlation to obtain driving-independent conclusions about the effect of system parameters on success probability. We believe that these results and methods will provide valuable tools and insights for the development of cavity-based single photon sources combining high efficiency and high rate., Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

40. The Active Asteroids Citizen Science Program: Overview and First Results

Author: Chandler, Colin Orion, Trujillo, Chadwick A., Oldroyd, William J., Kueny, Jay K., Burris, William A., Hsieh, Henry H., DeSpain, Jarod A., Sedaghat, Nima, Sheppard, Scott S., Farrell, Kennedy A., Trilling, David E., Gustafsson, Annika, Magbanua, Mark Jesus Mendoza, Mazzucato, Michele T., Bosch, Milton K. D., Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany, Gonano, Virgilio, Lamperti, Al, Campos, José A. da Silva, Goodwin, Brian L., Terentev, Ivan A., Dukes, Charles J. A., and Deen, Sam
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the Citizen Science program Active Asteroids and describe discoveries stemming from our ongoing project. Our NASA Partner program is hosted on the Zooniverse online platform and launched on 2021 August 31, with the goal of engaging the community in the search for active asteroids -- asteroids with comet-like tails or comae. We also set out to identify other unusual active solar system objects, such as active Centaurs, active quasi-Hilda asteroids, and Jupiter-family comets (JFCs). Active objects are rare in large part because they are difficult to identify, so we ask volunteers to assist us in searching for active bodies in our collection of millions of images of known minor planets. We produced these cutout images with our project pipeline that makes use of publicly available Dark Energy Camera (DECam) data. Since the project launch, roughly 8,300 volunteers have scrutinized some 430,000 images to great effect, which we describe in this work. In total we have identified previously unknown activity on 15 asteroids, plus one Centaur, that were thought to be asteroidal (i.e., inactive). Of the asteroids, we classify four as active quasi-Hilda asteroids, seven as JFCs, and four as active asteroids, consisting of one Main-belt comet (MBC) and three MBC candidates. We also include our findings concerning known active objects that our program facilitated, an unanticipated avenue of scientific discovery. These include discovering activity occurring during an orbital epoch for which objects were not known to be active, and the reclassification of objects based on our dynamical analyses., Comment: 35 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2024
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41. Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesis

Author: Esser, Patrick, Kulal, Sumith, Blattmann, Andreas, Entezari, Rahim, Müller, Jonas, Saini, Harry, Levi, Yam, Lorenz, Dominik, Sauer, Axel, Boesel, Frederic, Podell, Dustin, Dockhorn, Tim, English, Zion, Lacey, Kyle, Goodwin, Alex, Marek, Yannik, and Rombach, Robin
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: Diffusion models create data from noise by inverting the forward paths of data towards noise and have emerged as a powerful generative modeling technique for high-dimensional, perceptual data such as images and videos. Rectified flow is a recent generative model formulation that connects data and noise in a straight line. Despite its better theoretical properties and conceptual simplicity, it is not yet decisively established as standard practice. In this work, we improve existing noise sampling techniques for training rectified flow models by biasing them towards perceptually relevant scales. Through a large-scale study, we demonstrate the superior performance of this approach compared to established diffusion formulations for high-resolution text-to-image synthesis. Additionally, we present a novel transformer-based architecture for text-to-image generation that uses separate weights for the two modalities and enables a bidirectional flow of information between image and text tokens, improving text comprehension, typography, and human preference ratings. We demonstrate that this architecture follows predictable scaling trends and correlates lower validation loss to improved text-to-image synthesis as measured by various metrics and human evaluations. Our largest models outperform state-of-the-art models, and we will make our experimental data, code, and model weights publicly available.
Published: 2024

42. Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abe, H., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adamcewicz, C., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Arun, K. G., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Bai, Y., Baier, J. G., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Barthelmy, S. D., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Bogaert, G., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boumerdassi, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, Z., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castaldi, G., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, C., Chan, J. C. L., Chan, K. H. M., Chan, M., Chan, W. L., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Chapman-Bird, C., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chatziioannou, K., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, K. H., Chen, X., Chen, Yi-Ru, Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiang, C., Chiarini, G., Chiba, A., Chiba, R., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chung, K. W., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Cousins, B., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Croquette, M., Crouch, R., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darroch, K. E., Dartez, L. P., Dasgupta, A., Datta, S., Dattilo, V., Daumas, A., Davari, N., Dave, I., Davenport, A., Davier, M., Davies, T. F., Davis, D., Davis, L., Davis, M. C., Daw, E. J., Dax, M., De Bolle, J., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Favero, V., De Lillo, F., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., De Marco, F., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., DePergola, N., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., De Simone, R., Dhani, A., Dhurandhar, S., Diab, R., Díaz, M. C., Di Cesare, M., Dideron, G., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giovanni, F., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Diksha, D., Di Michele, A., Ding, J., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divyajyoti, Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Dohmen, E., Doleva, P. P., Donahue, L., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Dooney, T., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Drori, Y., Ducoin, J. -G., Dunn, L., Dupletsa, U., D'Urso, D., Duval, H., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Einsle, H., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Emma, M., Engelby, E., Engl, A. J., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Fan, P. C., Farah, A. M., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fleischer, S. M., Fleming, L. S., Floden, E., Foley, E. M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fukunaga, I., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabella, W. E., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Gaonkar, S. G., Garaventa, B., Garcia-Bellido, J., García-Núñez, C., García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghadiri, N., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Gleckl, A. E., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. Gomez, Goncharov, B., González, G., Goodarzi, P., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gosselin, M., Göttel, A. S., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granados, A. E., Granata, M., Granata, V., Argianas, L. Granda, Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, S. M., Green, S. R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimaud, C., Grote, H., Gruson, A. S., Guerra, D., Guetta, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Gulati, H. K., Gulminelli, F., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, Ish, Gupta, N. C., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, T., Gupte, N., Gurav, R., Gurs, J., Gutierrez, N., Guzman, F., Haba, D., Haberland, M., Haegel, L., Hain, G., Haino, S., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanselman, A. G., Hansen, H., Hanson, J., Harada, R., Harder, T., Haris, K., Harmark, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Haskell, B., Haster, C. -J., Hathaway, J. S., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Healy, J., Heffernan, A., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Hennig, J. -S., Hennig, M., Henshaw, C., Hernandez, A., Hertog, T., Heurs, M., Hewitt, A. L., Higginbotham, S., Hild, S., Hill, P., Hill, S., Himemoto, Y., Hines, A. S., Hirata, N., Hirose, C., Ho, J., Hoang, S., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Holland, N. A., Holley-Bockelmann, K., Hollows, I. J., Holmes, Z. J., Holz, D. E., Hong, C., Hornung, J., Hoshino, S., Hourihane, S., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hoyland, D., Hrishikesh, C. A., Hsieh, H. -F., Hsiung, C., Hsu, H. C., Hsu, S. -C., Hsu, W. -F., Hu, P., Hu, Q., Huang, H. Y., Huang, Y. -J., Huang, Y., Huang, Y. T., Huddart, A. D., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. Y., Hui, V., Hur, R., Husa, S., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Iakovlev, A., Iandolo, G. A., Iess, A., Inayoshi, K., Inoue, Y., Iorio, G., Irwin, J., Isi, M., Ismail, M. A., Itoh, Y., Iwaya, M., Iyer, B. R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., James, P. A., Jamshidi, R., Jan, A. Z., Jani, K., Janiurek, L., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaraba, S., Jaranowski, P., Jasal, P., Jaume, R., Javed, W., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Jin, H. -B., Johansmeyer, K., Johns, G. R., Johnson, N. A., Johnston, R., Johny, N., Jones, D. H., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jose, S., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kajita, T., Kalaghatgi, C., Kalogera, V., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karat, S., Karathanasis, C., Karki, S., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Kato, J., Kato, T., Katsanevas, S., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaur, T., Kaushik, R., Kawabe, K., Keitel, D., Kelley-Derzon, J., Kennington, J., Kesharwani, R., Key, J. S., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, F., Khan, I., Khanam, T., Khazanov, E. A., Khursheed, M., Kiendrebeogo, W., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, M. H., Kim, S., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kimura, N., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kinnear, M., Kissel, J. S., Kiyota, T., Klimenko, S., Klinger, T., Knee, A. M., Knust, N., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Kossak, R. V., Kou, X., Koushik, A., Kouvatsos, N., Kovalam, M., Koyama, N., Kozak, D. B., Kranzhoff, S. L., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kuehn, G., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Ramamohan, A. Kulur, Kumar, A., Kumar, Praveen, Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuroyanagi, S., Kuwahara, S., Kwak, K., Kwan, K., Lacaille, G., Lagabbe, P., Laghi, D., Lai, S., Laity, A. H., Lakkis, M. H., Lalande, E., Lalleman, M., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rana, A., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Lawrence, J., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., LeBohec, S., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lee, R. -K., Lee, R., Lee, S., Lee, Y., Legred, I. N., Lehmann, J., Lehner, L., Lemaître, A., Lenti, M., Leonardi, M., Leonova, E., Lequime, M., Leroy, N., Lesovsky, M., Letendre, N., Lethuillier, M., Levesque, C., Levin, Y., Leyde, K., Li, A. K. Y., Li, K. L., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Lin, Chien-Yu, Lin, Chun-Yu, Lin, E. T., Lin, F., Lin, H., Lin, L. C. -C., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, A., Liu, G. C., Liu, Jian, Llamas, F., Llobera-Querol, J., Lo, R. K. 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M., Xiao, L., Xu, V. A., Xu, Y., Yadav, N., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, M., Yamamoto, T. S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamura, S., Yamazaki, R., Yan, S., Yan, T., Yang, F. W., Yang, F., Yang, K. Z., Yang, L. -C., Yang, Y., Yarbrough, Z., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Yeung, S. M. C., Yin, X., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yu, H., Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zannelli, A. J., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zeoli, M., Zerrad, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, A. C., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhong, S., Zhou, R., Zhu, Z. -H., Zucker, M. E., Zweizig, J., Fujimori, T., Fujimoto, H., Fujita, T., Manita, Y., Obata, I., and Takidera, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM., Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2024

43. Transferability and Accuracy of Ionic Liquid Simulations with Equivariant Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials

Author: Goodwin, Zachary A. H., Wenny, Malia B., Yang, Julia H., Cepellotti, Andrea, Ding, Jingxuan, Bystrom, Kyle, Duschatko, Blake R., Johansson, Anders, Sun, Lixin, Batzner, Simon, Musaelian, Albert, Mason, Jarad A., Kozinsky, Boris, and Molinari, Nicola
Subjects: Physics - Chemical Physics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) are an exciting class of electrolytes finding applications in many areas from energy storage to solvents, where they have been touted as ``designer solvents'' as they can be mixed to precisely tailor the physiochemical properties. As using machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) to simulate ILs is still relatively unexplored, several questions need to be answered to see if MLIPs can be transformative for ILs. Since ILs are often not pure, but are either mixed together or contain additives, we first demonstrate that a MLIP can be trained to be compositionally transferable, i.e., the MLIP can be applied to mixtures of ions not directly trained on, whilst only being trained on a few mixtures of the same ions. We also investigate the accuracy of MLIPs for a novel IL, which we experimentally synthesize and characterize. Our MLIP trained on $\sim$200 DFT frames is in reasonable agreement with our experiments and DFT.
Published: 2024

44. Testing EMRI models for Quasi-Periodic Eruptions with 3.5 years of monitoring eRO-QPE1

Author: Chakraborty, Joheen, Arcodia, Riccardo, Kara, Erin, Miniutti, Giovanni, Giustini, Margherita, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Rhodes, Lauren, Franchini, Alessia, Bonetti, Matteo, Burdge, Kevin B., Goodwin, Adelle J., Maccarone, Thomas J., Merloni, Andrea, Ponti, Gabriele, Remillard, Ronald A., and Saxton, Richard D.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Quasi-Periodic Eruptions (QPEs) are luminous X-ray outbursts recurring on hour timescales, observed from the nuclei of a growing handful of nearby low-mass galaxies. Their physical origin is still debated, and usually modeled as (a) accretion disk instabilities or (b) interaction of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) with a lower mass companion in an extreme mass-ratio inspiral (EMRI). EMRI models can be tested with several predictions related to the short- and long-term behavior of QPEs. In this study, we report on the ongoing 3.5-year NICER and XMM-Newton monitoring campaign of eRO-QPE1, which is known to exhibit erratic QPEs that have been challenging for the simplest EMRI models to explain. We report 1) complex, non-monotonic evolution in the long-term trends of QPE energy output and inferred emitting area; 2) the disappearance of the QPEs (within NICER detectability) in October 2023, then reappearance by January 2024 at a luminosity $\sim$100x fainter (and temperature $\sim$3x cooler) than initial discovery; 3) radio non-detections with MeerKAT and VLA observations partly contemporaneous with our NICER campaign (though not during outbursts); and 4) the presence of a possible $\sim$6-day modulation of the QPE timing residuals, which aligns with the expected nodal precession timescale of the underlying accretion disk. Our results tentatively support EMRI-disk collision models powering the QPEs, and we demonstrate that the timing modulation of QPEs may be used to jointly constrain the SMBH spin and disk density profile., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2024

45. The SAMI Galaxy Survey: galaxy spin is more strongly correlated with stellar population age than mass or environment

Author: Croom, S. M., van de Sande, J., Vaughan, S. P., Rutherford, T. H., Lagos, C. P., Barsanti, S., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Brough, S., Bryant, J. J., Colless, M., Cortese, L., D'Eugenio, F., Fraser-McKelvie, A., Goodwin, M., Lorente, N. P. F., Richards, S. N., Ristea, A., Sweet, S. M., Yi, S. K., and Zafar, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We use the SAMI Galaxy Survey to examine the drivers of galaxy spin, $\lambda_{R_e}$, in a multi-dimensional parameter space including stellar mass, stellar population age (or specific star formation rate) and various environmental metrics (local density, halo mass, satellite vs. central). Using a partial correlation analysis we consistently find that age or specific star formation rate is the primary parameter correlating with spin. Light-weighted age and specific star formation rate are more strongly correlated with spin than mass-weighted age. In fact, across our sample, once the relation between light-weighted age and spin is accounted for, there is no significant residual correlation between spin and mass, or spin and environment. This result is strongly suggestive that present-day environment only indirectly influences spin, via the removal of gas and star formation quenching. That is, environment affects age, then age affects spin. Older galaxies then have lower spin, either due to stars being born dynamically hotter at high redshift, or due to secular heating. Our results appear to rule out environmentally dependent dynamical heating (e.g. galaxy-galaxy interactions) being important, at least within $1R_e$ where our kinematic measurements are made. The picture is more complex when we only consider high-mass galaxies ($M_*\gtrsim 10^{11}$M$_{\odot}$). While the age-spin relation is still strong for these high-mass galaxies, there is a residual environmental trend with central galaxies preferentially having lower spin, compared to satellites of the same age and mass. We argue that this trend is likely due to central galaxies being a preferred location for mergers., Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2024
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46. Sound Source Separation Using Latent Variational Block-Wise Disentanglement

Author: Helwani, Karim, Togami, Masahito, Smaragdis, Paris, and Goodwin, Michael M.
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Sound
Abstract: While neural network approaches have made significant strides in resolving classical signal processing problems, it is often the case that hybrid approaches that draw insight from both signal processing and neural networks produce more complete solutions. In this paper, we present a hybrid classical digital signal processing/deep neural network (DSP/DNN) approach to source separation (SS) highlighting the theoretical link between variational autoencoder and classical approaches to SS. We propose a system that transforms the single channel under-determined SS task to an equivalent multichannel over-determined SS problem in a properly designed latent space. The separation task in the latent space is treated as finding a variational block-wise disentangled representation of the mixture. We show empirically, that the design choices and the variational formulation of the task at hand motivated by the classical signal processing theoretical results lead to robustness to unseen out-of-distribution data and reduction of the overfitting risk. To address the resulting permutation issue we explicitly incorporate a novel differentiable permutation loss function and augment the model with a memory mechanism to keep track of the statistics of the individual sources.
Published: 2024

47. Barriers to device longevity and reuse: A vintage device empirical study

Author: Goodwin, Craig and Woolley, Sandra
Subjects: Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract: This extended paper contributes a methodology and a detailed analysis of app installation and functionality on a 'vintage' device. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate barriers to the reuse of vintage Apple devices. and solutions are posited. 230 apps across 23 unique app categories were tested to determine if they could be downloaded, installed, and opened, and whether they appeared functional on a vintage Apple device. Only 29 (12.6%) of the apps could be downloaded directly, and in contrast 140 (60.9%) of the apps were downloadable with the aid of another Apple device. In total, 141 (61.3%) of applications downloaded either directly or indirectly were considered functional and capable of running on the device. We discuss measures Apple and developers could take to support legacy device users, prolong device use, enable reuse and, potentially, prevent functional devices from becoming e-waste., Comment: To be published in the Journal of Systems and Software - Elsevier
Published: 2024

48. Investigating Performance Trends of Simulated Real-time Solar Flare Predictions: The Impacts of Training Windows, Data Volumes, and the Solar Cycle

Author: Goodwin, Griffin T., Sadykov, Viacheslav M., and Martens, Petrus C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: This study explores the behavior of machine learning-based flare forecasting models deployed in a simulated operational environment. Using Georgia State University's Space Weather Analytics for Solar Flares benchmark dataset (Angryk et al. 2020a,b), we examine the impacts of training methodology and the solar cycle on decision tree, support vector machine, and multilayer perceptron performance. We implement our classifiers using three temporal training windows: stationary, rolling, and expanding. The stationary window trains models using a single set of data available before the first forecasting instance, which remains constant throughout the solar cycle. The rolling window trains models using data from a constant time interval before the forecasting instance, which moves with the solar cycle. Finally, the expanding window trains models using all available data before the forecasting instance. For each window, a number of input features (1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 120) and temporal sizes (5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20 months) were tested. To our surprise, we found that for a 20-month window, skill scores were comparable regardless of the window type, feature count, and classifier selected. Furthermore, reducing the size of this window only marginally decreased stationary and rolling window performance. This implies that, given enough data, a stationary window can be chosen over other window types, eliminating the need for model retraining. Lastly, a moderately strong positive correlation was found to exist between a model's false positive rate and the solar X-ray background flux. This suggests that the solar cycle phase has a considerable influence on forecasting., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ; 25 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2024

49. Electric Field Induced Associations in the Double Layer of Salt-in-Ionic-Liquid Electrolytes

Author: Markiewitz, Daniel M., Goodwin, Zachary A. H., McEldrew, Michael, de Souza, J. Pedro, Zhang, Xuhui, Espinosa-Marzal, Rosa M., and Bazant, Martin Z.
Subjects: Physics - Chemical Physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) are an extremely exciting class of electrolytes for energy storage applications because of their unique combination of properties. Upon dissolving alkali metal salts, such as Li or Na based salts, with the same anion as the IL, an intrinsically asymmetric electrolyte can be created for use in batteries, known as a salt-in-ionic liquid (SiIL). These SiILs have been well studied in the bulk, where negative transference numbers of the alkali metal cation have been observed from the formation of small, negatively charged clusters. The properties of these SiILs at electrified interfaces, however, have received little to no attention. Here, we develop a theory for the electrical double layer (EDL) of SiILs where we consistently account for the thermoreversible association of ions into Cayley tree aggregates. The theory predicts that the IL cations first populate the EDL at negative voltages, as they are not strongly bound to the anions. However at large negative voltages which are strong enough to break the alkali metal cation-anion associations, these IL cations are exchanged for the alkali metal cation because of their higher charge density. At positive voltages, we find that the SiIL actually becomes $\textit{more aggregated while screening the electrode charge}$ from the formation of large, negatively charged aggregates. Therefore, in contrast to conventional intuition of associations in the EDL, SiILs appear to become more associated in certain electric fields. We present these theoretical predictions to be verified by molecular dynamics simulations and experimental measurements.
Published: 2024

50. The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Using Tidal Streams and Shells to Trace the Dynamical Evolution of Massive Galaxies

Author: Rutherford, Tomas H., van de Sande, Jesse, Croom, Scott M., Valenzuela, Lucas M., Remus, Rhea-Silvia, D'Eugenio, Francesco, Vaughan, Sam P., Zovaro, Henry R. M., Casura, Sarah, Barsanti, Stefania, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Brough, Sarah, Bryant, Julia J., Goodwin, Michael, Lorente, Nuria, Oh, Sree, and Ristea, Andrei
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Slow rotator galaxies are distinct amongst galaxy populations, with simulations suggesting that a mix of minor and major mergers are responsible for their formation. A promising path to resolve outstanding questions on the type of merger responsible, is by investigating deep imaging of massive galaxies for signs of potential merger remnants. We utilise deep imaging from the Subaru-Hyper Suprime Cam Wide data to search for tidal features in massive ($\log_{10}(M_*/M_{\odot}) > 10$) early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the SAMI Galaxy Survey. We perform a visual check for tidal features on images where the galaxy has been subtracted using a Multi-Gauss Expansion (MGE) model. We find that $31\pm 2$ percent of our sample show tidal features. When comparing galaxies with and without features, we find that the distributions in stellar mass, light-weighted mean stellar population age and H$\alpha$ equivalent width are significantly different, whereas spin ($\lambda_{R_e}$), ellipticity and bulge to total ratio have similar distributions. When splitting our sample in age, we find that galaxies below the median age (10.8 Gyr) show a correlation between the presence of shells and lower $\lambda_{R_e}$, as expected from simulations. We also find these younger galaxies which are classified as having "strong" shells have lower $\lambda_{R_e}$. However, simulations suggest that merger features become undetectable within $\sim 2-4$ Gyr post-merger. This implies that the relationship between tidal features and merger history disappears for galaxies with older stellar ages, i.e. those that are more likely to have merged long ago., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 22 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2024
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