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Abstract: Tuberculosis is a contagious illness of high prevalence in our population. The prevalence continues to increase because of the poor socioeconomic conditions of the population. Tuberculosis in pregnant woman is an association that many times is not diagnosed. The case was reported of a patient with 28 weeks (gestational age) and diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis. We discussed the diagnostic approach for tuberculosis during pregnancy as well as the treatment and its side effects on these patients. Cesarean section was performed at 37 weeks. In this case, neonatal tuberculosis diagnosis was negative. Recently published literature about tuberculosis and pregnancy was reviewed. Resumen: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa cuya prevalencia en nuestra población es muy alta, y sigue aumentando debido a las condiciones socioeconómicas reinantes en nuestra región. Tuberculosis y embarazo es una asociación que muchas veces no es diagnosticada. Se reporta el caso de una paciente con gestación de 28 semanas con diagnóstico de Tuberculosis Pulmonar Activa. Se discutió la metodología diagnóstica de tuberculosis durante el embarazo, así como también el tratamiento y sus efectos colaterales en estas pacientes. El nacimiento ocurrió a las 37 semanas de gestación por cesárea segmentaria. En este caso el diagnóstico de tuberculosis neonatal fue negativo. Por último se realizó una revisión de la literatura reciente publicada acerca del tema.

Managing Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) is becoming increasingly complex as demands for advanced capabilities rise. This complexity is due to the involvement of more processing elements and resources, leading to a higher degree of heterogeneity throughout the system. Over time, management schemes have evolved from simple to autonomous systems with continuous control and monitoring of various parameters such as power distribution, thermal events, fault tolerance, and system security. Autonomous management integrates self-awareness into the system, making it aware of its environment, behavior, and objectives. Self-Aware Cyber-Physical Systems-on-Chip (SA-CPSoCs) have emerged as a concept to achieve highly autonomous management. Communication infrastructure is also vital to SoCs, and Software-Defined Networks-on-Chip (SDNoCs) can serve as a base structure for self-aware systems-on-chip. This paper presents a survey of the evolution of MPSoC management over the last two decades, categorizing research works according to their objectives and improvements. It also discusses the characteristics and properties of SA-CPSoCs and explains why SDNoCs are crucial for these systems.

Background: Anogenital warts are a common human papillomavirus infection. They cause emotional distress, especially when they are in the anogenital region. Cryotherapy is a first-line treatment. Previous clinical trials and case series have reported variable results with retinoids (isotretinoin) as adjuvant therapy., Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of low-dose oral isotretinoin as adjuvant treatment of anogenital warts., Methods: Forty-six patients with anogenital warts were randomly assigned to isotretinoin + cryotherapy (n = 23) or only cryotherapy (n = 23). Patients were allocated via an interactive web-based randomization system. Evaluators were blinded to treatments. Isotretinoin 20 mg/daily + cryotherapy or cryotherapy were prescribed for 6 weeks. Patients were followed for 4 months. Genotyping of lesions was performed before treatment started. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) were measured at the beginning and end of therapy. All patients completed the study., Results: Both Groups had 50% clearance at the end of treatment. Recurrence in the combined group was not significantly lower than in the cryotherapy group (P = 0.59). Improvement was observed in the DLQI of all patients in both groups (P = 0.001). No suicidal intention was detected with the C-SSRS. Two patients (one in each group) had liver function test abnormalities after treatment., Conclusion: Combined therapy showed a slight not significant efficacy for anogenital warts in Hispanic patients. Low-dose isotretinoin seems to be safe even when it is used with cryotherapy on anogenital warts., Trial Registration: On April 25, 2019 with registration number DE19-00004, CONBIOÉTICA-19-CEI-001-20160404. Prospectively registered., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.)

Aim: To validate intracellular cytokine production functional assay as means of cell-mediated immunity monitoring of post-transplant patients with opportunistic infection (OI)., Methods: Intracellular cytokine-producing CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell monitoring was carried out in 30 liver transplant (LTr) and 31 kidney transplant (KTr) recipients from 2010 to 2012. Patients were assessed in our Department of Immunology at the Clinical University 'Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-IMIB' in Murcia, Spain for one year following transplantation. FACS Canto II flow cytometer was employed to quantify the intracellular production of IL-17, IFNγ and IL-10 cytokines on stimulated CD4 + CD69 + and CD8 + CD69 + T cells and BD FACS DIVA v.6 software was used to analysed the data. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 22.0., Results: LTr with OI had significantly lower % of CD8 + CD69 + IFNγ + T cells at 60 (7.95 ± 0.77 vs 26.25 ± 2.09, P < 0.001), 90 (7.47 ± 1.05 vs 30.34 ± 3.52, P < 0.001) and 180 (15.31 ± 3.24 vs 24.59 ± 3.28, P = 0.01) d post-transplantation. Higher % of CD4 + CD69 + IL-10 + as well as CD4 + CD69 + IL-17 + T cells were yet reported at 30 (14.06 ± 1.65 vs 6.09 ± 0.53, P = 0.0007 and 4.23 ± 0.56 vs 0.81 ± 0.14, P = 0.005; respectively), 60 (11.46 ± 1.42 vs 4.54 ± 0.91, P = 0.001 and 4.21 ± 0.59 vs 1.43 ± 0.42, P = 0.03; respectively) and 90 d (16.85 ± 1.60 vs 4.07 ± 0.63, P < 0.001 and 3.97 ± 0.43 vs 0.96 ± 0.17, P = 0.001). Yet, KTr with OI had significantly lower percentage of CD4 + CD69 + IFNγ + at 30 (11.80 ± 1.59 vs 20.64 ± 3.26, P = 0.035), 60 (11.19 ± 1.35 vs 15.85 ± 1.58, P = 0.02), 90 (11.37 ± 1.42 vs 22.99 ± 4.12, P = 0.028) and 180 (13.63 ± 2.21 vs 21.93 ± 3.88, P = 0.008) d post-transplantation as opposed to CD4 + CD69 + IL-10 + and CD8 + CD69 + IL-10 + T cells which percentages were higher at 30 (25.21 ± 2.74 vs 8.54 ± 1.64, P < 0.001 and 22.37 ± 1.35 vs 17.18 ± 3.54, P = 0.032; respectively), 90 (16.85 ± 1.60 vs 4.07 ± 0.63, P < 0.001 and 23.06 ± 2.89 vs 10.19 ± 1.98, P = 0.002) and 180 (21.81 ± 1.72 vs 6.07 ± 0.98, P < 0.001 and 19.68 ± 2.27 vs 10.59 ± 3.17, P = 0.016) d post-transplantation. The auROC curve model determined the most accurate cut-off values to stratify LTr and KTr at high risk of OI and Cox Regression model confirmed these biomarkers as the most significant risk factors to opportunistic infection., Conclusion: Post-transplant percentages of T-cell subsets differed significantly amongst infected- and non-infected-LTr and -KTr and yet this imbalance was found to contribute towards a worst clinical outcome., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors have no relevant conflicts of interest to disclose.

The introduction of anti-calcineurin-based therapies has led to an increase in the one-year survival as well as graft function rates in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation (SOT). Nonetheless, early cellular acute rejection (EAR) incidence still remains a major challenge that irrevocably heads to poor outcomes. The mechanisms underlying CD4 T cell activation in SOT are still under research. In this sense, CD28 co-stimulatory molecule plays a pivotal role triggering CD4 T cell activation as well as survival maintenance. Previous own studies stated the role that CD4 + CD28 + circulating T lymphocytes plays before and during EAR episodes. We assessed the percentage as well as the absolute number of CD28 molecules on CD4 + T cells as predictive surrogate biomarker of EAR in a prospective cohort of liver and kidney transplant recipients. Quantitative analysis of CD28 was carried out on whole peripheral blood samples by flow cytometry. Decreased pre-transplant expression of CD28 was associated with EAR in both study groups. Furthermore, the expression of CD28 within the rejected group, experimented an up-regulation upon transplantation. These preliminary results suggest that patients undergoing liver or kidney transplant can be stratified at high risk of EAR according to their CD28 molecule expression on peripheral CD4 + T lymphocytes., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)