30 results on '"Gonzalez, Franklyn 2nd"'
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2. Childhood Trauma and Adult Risk Factors and Disease in Hispanics/Latinos in the US: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study.
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Llabre, Maria M., Schneiderman, Neil, Gallo, Linda C., Arguelles, William, Daviglus, Martha L., Gonzalez II, Franklyn, Isasi, Carmen R., Perreira, Krista M., Penedo, Frank J., and Gonzalez, Franklyn 2nd
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- 2017
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3. Statin and Aspirin Use Among Hispanic and Latino Adults at High Cardiovascular Risk: Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
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Qato, Dima M., Lee, Todd A., Durazo‐Arvizu, Ramon, Wu, Donghong, Wilder, Jocelyn, Reina, Samantha A., Cai, Jianwen, Gonzalez, Franklyn, Talavera, Gregory A., Ostfeld, Robert J., Daviglus, Martha L., Durazo-Arvizu, Ramon, and Gonzalez, Franklyn 2nd
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- 2016
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4. Pulmonary Disease and Age at Immigration among Hispanics. Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
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Barr, R. Graham, Avilés-Santa, Larissa, Davis, Sonia M., Aldrich, Tom K., Gonzalez II, Franklyn, Henderson, Ashley G., Kaplan, Robert C., LaVange, Lisa, Kiang Liu, Loredo, Jose S., Mendes, Eliana S., Ai Ni, Ries, Andrew, Salathe, Matthias, Smith, Lewis J., Gonzalez, Franklyn 2nd, Liu, Kiang, and Ni, Ai
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STATISTICS on Hispanic Americans ,AGE distribution ,ASTHMA ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,HISPANIC Americans ,IMMIGRANTS ,LONGITUDINAL method ,OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases ,SPIROMETRY ,SURVEYS ,DISEASE prevalence ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Rationale: Asthma has been reported to be more prevalent among Hispanics of Puerto Rican heritage than among other Hispanics and among Hispanics born in the United States or who immigrated as children than among those who came as adults; however, direct comparisons across Hispanic groups are lacking.Objectives: To test whether asthma is more prevalent among Hispanics of Puerto Rican heritage than among other Hispanic groups, whether asthma is associated with age of immigration, and whether chronic obstructive pulmonary disease varies by heritage in a large, population-based cohort of Hispanics in the United States.Methods: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos researchers recruited a population-based probability sample of 16,415 Hispanics/Latinos, 18-74 years of age, in New York City, Chicago, Miami, and San Diego. Participants self-reported Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Central American, or South American heritage; birthplace; and, if relevant, age at immigration. A respiratory questionnaire and standardized spirometry were performed with post-bronchodilator measures for those with airflow limitation.Measurements and Main Results: The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma among Puerto Ricans (36.5%; 95% confidence interval, 33.6-39.5%) was higher than among other Hispanics (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 3.3-4.6). Hispanics who were born in the mainland United States or had immigrated as children had a higher asthma prevalence than those who had immigrated as adults (19.6, 19.4, and 14.1%, respectively; P < 0.001). Current asthma, bronchodilator responsiveness, and wheeze followed similar patterns. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence was higher among Puerto Ricans (14.1%) and Cubans (9.8%) than among other Hispanics (<6.0%), but it did not vary across Hispanic heritages after adjustment for smoking and prior asthma (P = 0.22), by country of birth, or by age at immigration.Conclusions: Asthma was more prevalent among Puerto Ricans, other Hispanics born in the United States, and those who had immigrated as children than among other Hispanics. In contrast, the higher prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Puerto Ricans and Cubans was largely reflective of differential smoking patterns and asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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5. Estimation of Incident Heart Failure Risk among US Hispanics/Latinos Using a Validated Echocardiographic Risk-Stratification Index: the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos.
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Rangel, M. Octavia, Kaplan, Robert, Daviglus, Martha, Schneiderman, Neil, Hurwitz, Barry E., Cai, Jianwen, Gonzalez II, Franklyn, Kitzman, Dalane, Kansal, Mayank, Rodriguez, Carlos J., and Gonzalez, Franklyn 2nd
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- 2018
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6. Hearing Impairment Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
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Cruickshanks, Karen J., Dhar, Sumitrajit, Dinces, Elizabeth, Fifer, Robert C., Gonzalez II, Franklyn, Heiss, Gerardo, Hoffman, Howard J., Lee, David J., Newhoff, Marilyn, Tocci, Laura, Torre III, Peter, Tweed, Ted S., Gonzalez, Franklyn 2nd, and Torre, Peter 3rd
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- 2015
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7. The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Community and Surrounding Areas Study: sample, design, and procedures.
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Gallo, Linda C., Carlson, Jordan A., Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela, Sallis, James F., Jankowska, Marta M., Roesch, Scott C., Gonzalez II, Franklyn, Geremia, Carrie M., Talavera, Gregory A., Rodriguez, Tasi M., Castañeda, Sheila F., Allison, Matthew A., and Gonzalez, Franklyn 2nd
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HISPANIC Americans , *PHYSICAL activity , *MENTAL depression , *ACCELEROMETERS , *DATA analysis - Abstract
Purpose: We describe the sample, design, and procedures for the Community and Surrounding Areas Study (CASAS), an ancillary to the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). The aim of SOL CASAS was to test an ecological model of macro- and micro-neighborhood environment factors, intermediate behavioral (physical activity) and psychosocial (e.g., depression and stress) mechanisms, and changes in cardiometabolic health in Hispanics/Latinos.Methods: Between 2015 and 2017, approximately 6 years after the HCHS/SOL baseline (2008-2011), 1776 San Diego HCHS/SOL participants enrolled in SOL CASAS and completed a repeat physical activity assessment. Participants' residential addresses were geoprocessed, and macroenvironmental features of the home were derived from publicly available data concurrent with the HCHS/SOL baseline and Visit 2 (2014-2017). Microscale environmental attributes were coded for 943 unique routes for 1684 participants, with a validated observational tool, concurrent with Visit 2, for SOL CASAS participants only.Results: Of 2520 HCHS/SOL participants approached, 70.5% enrolled (mean age 55.3 years; 94% Mexican; 67.5% female). Accelerometer adherence (three or more days with at least 10 hours wear time) was outstanding (94%).Conclusions: With its more comprehensive ecological model and well-characterized Hispanic/Latino population, SOL CASAS will advance the science concerning the contribution of neighborhood factors to cardiometabolic health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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8. Diet quality comparisons in Hispanic/Latino siblings: Results from the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth).
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LeCroy, Madison N., Mossavar-Rahmani, Yasmin, Xue, Xiaonan, Wang, Tao, Gallo, Linda C., Perreira, Krista M., Garcia, Melawhy L., Clark, Taylor L., Daviglus, Martha L., Van Horn, Linda, Gonzalez II, Franklyn, Isasi, Carmen R., and Gonzalez, Franklyn 2nd
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CHILDREN'S health , *SIBLINGS , *DIET , *HISPANIC Americans , *INTRACLASS correlation - Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine how well Hispanic/Latino siblings' diet quality correlate with each other and whether social and environmental factors explained potential differences. Hispanic/Latino 8-16-year-olds from the cross-sectional Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth) with at least one sibling enrolled in the study were examined (n = 740). Diet quality was assessed with the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010), calculated from two 24-h recalls. Mixed effects models were used with HEI-2010 score as the outcome, and correlations in siblings' diet quality were assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). All models were examined stratified by age and sex. Diet-related social and environmental measures were added as fixed effects in a secondary analysis. Mean (standard deviation) overall HEI-2010 score was 53.8 (13.0). The ICC for siblings' HEI-2010 score was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.38). Siblings who were born <3 vs. ≥3 years apart had stronger correlations in overall diet quality (0.47 [95% CI: 0.37, 0.58] vs. 0.21 [95% CI: 0.13, 0.30]), but no differences were observed in overall HEI-2010 score according to sex. Greater peer support for fruit and vegetable intake (β = 1.42 [95% CI: 0.62, 2.21]) and greater away-from-home food consumption (β = -1.24 [95% CI: -2.15, -0.32]) were associated with differences in siblings' diet quality. Overall diet quality scores of Hispanic/Latino siblings in this study were slightly correlated, with stronger correlations among siblings closer in age. Differences in peer support and foods consumed outside the home may explain differences in siblings' diet quality. Future research should investigate additional determinants of differences in siblings' diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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9. Association between immigration status and anxiety, depression, and use of anxiolytic and antidepressant medications in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
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Ross, Jonathan, Hua, Simin, Perreira, Krista M., Hanna, David B., Castañeda, Sheila F., Gallo, Linda C., Penedo, Frank J., Tarraf, Wassim, Hernandez, Rosalba, Vega Potler, Natan, Talavera, Gregory A., Daviglus, Martha L., Gonzalez II, Franklyn, Kaplan, Robert C., Smoller-Wassertheil, Sylvia, and Gonzalez, Franklyn 2nd
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ANTIDEPRESSANTS , *IMMIGRATION status , *PUBLIC health , *ANXIETY , *ANXIETY in women , *NONCITIZENS - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between undocumented immigration status and anxiety, depression, and use of anxiolytic or antidepressant medications in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data collected between 2014 and 2017. Participants were categorized as U.S.-born citizens, naturalized citizens, documented noncitizens, or undocumented noncitizens. We calculated prevalence and prevalence ratios for anxiety, depression, and use of anxiolytic or antidepressant medication, by immigration status.Results: Of 9257 participants, 1403 (15%) were undocumented noncitizens, 2872 (31%) were documented noncitizens, 3766 (41%) were naturalized citizens, and 1216 (13%) were U.S.-born citizens. Prevalence of anxiety was lower among undocumented than documented noncitizens (9 vs. 15%, P < .0001) but not significantly different in adjusted analyses. Prevalence of depression was similar among undocumented and documented noncitizens (20 vs. 24%, P = .07) and not significantly different in adjusted analyses. Among participants with depression, 7% of undocumented and 27% of documented noncitizens reported use of antidepressants (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.49, 95% CI 0.27-0.87).Conclusions: Undocumented noncitizens had similar likelihood of anxiety and depression, but lower likelihood of antidepressant use, compared with documented noncitizens. These results may reflect the resilience of an undocumented population facing multiple stressors but suggest that this group may be undertreated for depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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10. Corrigendum to 'The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Community and Surrounding Areas Study: sample, design, and procedures' Annals of Epidemiology Volume 30, (2019) 57-65.
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Gallo, Linda C., Carlson, Jordan A., Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela, Sallis, James F., Jankowska, Marta M., Roesch, Scott C., Gonzalez II, Franklyn, Geremia, Carrie M., Talavera, Gregory A., Rodriguez, Tasi M., Castañeda, Sheila F., Allison, Matthew A., and Gonzalez, Franklyn 2nd
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PUBLIC health , *AREA studies , *HISTORICAL chronology , *COMMUNITIES , *EPIDEMIOLOGY - Published
- 2019
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11. Immigrant Parent Legal Status and Children's Health in the Hispanic Community Health Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth).
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Potochnick S, Mikkelsen I, Gallo LC, Isasi CR, Gonzalez F 2nd, and Perreira KM
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- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Acculturation, Health Status, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological ethnology, Undocumented Immigrants psychology, United States epidemiology, Child Health, Emigrants and Immigrants legislation & jurisprudence, Emigrants and Immigrants psychology, Hispanic or Latino psychology, Hispanic or Latino statistics & numerical data, Mental Health ethnology, Parents psychology
- Abstract
We assess how immigrant parent legal status shapes children's physical and mental health. Using the Hispanic Community Health Study of Latino Youth-a multi-site dataset-we evaluated mean differences in multiple physical and mental health indicators and parents' and children's stress and resilience by parents' (primarily mothers') legal status (N = 1177). We estimated regression models of two overall child health outcomes-allostatic load and any internalized disorder. Average allostatic load was 28% higher (0.36 standard deviations) and average prevalence of any internalizing disorder was 16% points greater for children of foreign-born unauthorized versus US-born parents. Higher levels of socioeconomic and acculturative stress contributed to children of foreign-born unauthorized parents' heightened health risk, while resilience factors-parental health and familial support-protected their health. Children with unauthorized immigrant parents experience both negative physical and mental health outcomes that can have potential long-term costs., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2024
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12. Associations Between Self-Reported Visual and Hearing Functioning and Cognitive Function Among Hispanics/Latino: Hispanic Community Health Study.
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Zheng DD, Lam BL, Joslin CE, Gonzalez HM, Baiduc RR, Tarraf W, Stickel A, Daviglus M, Garcia-Bedoya O, Schneiderman N, Gonzalez F 2nd, and Lee DJ
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Background and Objectives: To investigate the associations between self-reported visual functioning (VF) and hearing functioning with cognition in the Hispanic/Latino population., Research Design and Methods: We utilized data from the Miami Ocular Study of Latinos ancillary study to Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos with 1,056 participants aged 45 and older. The outcomes were cognitive performances assessed by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Word Fluency, Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test-recall (B-SEVLT recall), words recalled over 3 trials, and the Six-Item Screener. VF was measured by National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ), and hearing function was measured by Hearing Handicap Inventory Screening Questionnaire for Adults and Elderly (HHIA/E-S). Multiple regressions were performed for each cognitive outcome while controlling for covariates and complex sampling design., Results: NEI-VFQ was associated with 3 of the 5 cognitive outcomes. A 4-point NEI-VFQ score difference was associated with a 0.56-point difference in DSST (standard error [ SE ] = 0.27, p < .001), 0.17 in Word fluency ( SE = 0.16, p < .01), and 0.08 in B-SEVLT-recall ( SE = 0.07, p < .01). HHIA/E-S was not associated with any of the cognitive measures examined., Discussion and Implications: These data suggest that impaired VF is associated with worse cognition in the Hispanic/Latino population. Although previous work in this cohort indicated hearing loss assessed by pure tone audiometry was associated with worse cognition, we found self-perceived hearing function was not associated with cognition, suggesting the potential limitation of self-reported hearing function as a proxy for hearing loss in epidemiological research in Hispanic/Latino populations. Results also imply impaired VF and hearing function may be linked to cognition differently in the Hispanic population, and more research is needed to better understand the underlying linking mechanisms. Visual and hearing impairments are common and treatable and represent important modifiable risk factors that can be treated to preserve cognitive function in Hispanics/Latinos., Competing Interests: None., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America.)
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- 2024
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13. Cultural and neighborhood characteristics associated with activity-specific parenting practices in Hispanic/Latino youth: a secondary analysis of the Hispanic Community Children's health study/study of Latino youth.
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Gonzalez CJ, LeCroy MN, Daviglus ML, Van Horn L, Gallo LC, Gonzalez F 2nd, Perreira KM, Llabre MM, Shapiro MF, and Isasi CR
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- Male, Child, Female, Humans, Adolescent, Parents, Neighborhood Characteristics, Hispanic or Latino, Parenting, Child Health
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Hispanic/Latino youth are less physically active than non-Hispanic/Latino youth. We assessed whether activity-specific parenting practices relate to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior among Hispanic/Latino youth, and whether cultural (acculturation) and neighborhood characteristics (perceived barriers to activity) relate to the use of parenting practice patterns. Using the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth, n = 976 8-16-year-olds), we modeled linear regression associations between parenting practices and mean daily MVPA and sedentary behavior. Parenting practice patterns were then developed using k-means cluster analysis, and regressed on parental acculturation and neighborhood characteristics. Discipline predicted higher MVPA in females (β 1.89 [95% CI 0.11-3.67]), while Monitoring/Reinforcement predicted higher MVPA in males (β 4.71 [95% CI 0.68-8.74]). Three patterns were then identified: Negative Reinforcement (high Limit Setting and Discipline use), Positive Reinforcement (high Limit Setting and Monitoring/Reinforcement use), and Permissive Parenting (low parenting practice use). Higher acculturation predicted use of Positive Reinforcement. Activity-specific parenting practices are associated with activity in sex-specific ways among Hispanic/Latino youth, and cultural factors predict the use of parenting practices., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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14. Higher Neighborhood Population Density Is Associated with Lower Potassium Intake in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).
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Hanna DB, Hua S, Gonzalez F 2nd, Kershaw KN, Rundle AG, Van Horn LV, Wylie-Rosett J, Gellman MD, Lovasi GS, Kaplan RC, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, and Shaw PA
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- Female, Humans, Male, Population Density, Potassium, Risk Factors, Self Report, United States, Hispanic or Latino, Residence Characteristics
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Current U.S. dietary guidelines recommend a daily potassium intake of 3400 mg/day for men and 2600 mg/day for women. Sub-optimal access to nutrient-rich foods may limit potassium intake and increase cardiometabolic risk. We examined the association of neighborhood characteristics related to food availability with potassium intake in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). 13,835 participants completed a 24-h dietary recall assessment and had complete covariates. Self-reported potassium intake was calibrated with an objective 24-h urinary potassium biomarker, using equations developed in the SOL Nutrition & Physical Activity Assessment Study (SOLNAS, N = 440). Neighborhood population density, median household income, Hispanic/Latino diversity, and a retail food environment index by census tract were obtained. Linear regression assessed associations with 24-h potassium intake, adjusting for individual-level and neighborhood confounders. Mean 24-h potassium was 2629 mg/day based on the SOLNAS biomarker and 2702 mg/day using multiple imputation and HCHS/SOL biomarker calibration. Compared with the lowest quartile of neighborhood population density, living in the highest quartile was associated with a 26% lower potassium intake in SOLNAS (adjusted fold-change 0.74, 95% CI 0.59-0.94) and a 39% lower intake in HCHS/SOL (adjusted fold-change 0.61 95% CI 0.45-0.84). Results were only partially explained by the retail food environment. The mechanisms by which population density affects potassium intake should be further studied.
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- 2021
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15. Hearing Sensitivity, Cardiovascular Risk, and Neurocognitive Function: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).
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Stickel AM, Tarraf W, Bainbridge KE, Viviano RP, Daviglus M, Dhar S, Gonzalez F 2nd, Zeng D, and González HM
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- Aged, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hearing Tests, Humans, Hyperglycemia epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, United States epidemiology, Cognitive Dysfunction epidemiology, Hearing Loss epidemiology, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Hispanic or Latino statistics & numerical data
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Importance: Both cardiovascular disease risk and hearing impairment are associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the combined influence of the 2 risk factors on cognition is not well characterized., Objective: To examine associations between hearing impairment, cardiovascular disease risk, and cognitive function., Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based, prospective cohort, multisite cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected between 2008 and 2011 as part of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos included 9623 Hispanic or Latino adults aged 45 to 74 years in New York, Chicago, Miami, and San Diego., Exposures: Hearing impairment of at least mild severity was defined as the pure tone average of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz greater than 25 dB hearing level (dB HL) in the better ear. Our measure of cardiovascular disease risk was a latent class variable derived from body mass index, ankle-brachial index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk score., Main Outcomes and Measures: Results on Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (episodic learning and memory), and Word Fluency (verbal fluency), and Digit Symbol Subtest (processing speed/executive functioning), and a cognitive composite of the mentioned tests (overall cognition)., Results: Participants (N = 9180) were 54.4% female and age 56.5 years on average. Hearing impairment was associated with poorer performance on all cognitive measures (global cognition: unstandardized β, -0.11; 95% CI, -0.16 to 0.07). Cardiovascular grouping (healthy, typical, high cardiovascular disease risk, and hyperglycemia) did not attenuate the associations between hearing impairment and cognition (global cognition: unstandardized β, -0.11; 95% CI, -0.15 to -0.06). However, cardiovascular grouping interacted with hearing impairment such that hyperglycemia in the context of hearing impairment exacerbated poor performance on learning and memory tasks (F3 = 3.70 and F3 = 2.92, respectively)., Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this cohort study suggest that hearing impairment increases the likelihood that individuals with excessively high glucose perform poorly on learning and memory tasks. Further research is needed to specify the mechanisms by which cardiovascular disease risk and hearing impairment are collectively associated with cognition.
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- 2021
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16. Immigration Status and Disparities in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (Visit 2, 2014-2017).
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Guadamuz JS, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Daviglus ML, Perreira KM, Calip GS, Nutescu EA, Gallo LC, Castaneda SF, Gonzalez F 2nd, and Qato DM
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- Adult, Aged, Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus drug therapy, Female, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Hypercholesterolemia drug therapy, Hypertension drug therapy, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Undocumented Immigrants statistics & numerical data, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Emigrants and Immigrants statistics & numerical data, Health Services Accessibility statistics & numerical data, Hispanic or Latino statistics & numerical data
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Objectives. To estimate treatment rates of high cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes among Hispanic/Latino immigrants by immigration status (i.e., naturalized citizens, documented immigrants, or undocumented immigrants). Methods. We performed a cross-sectional analyses of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (visit 2, 2014-2017). We restricted our analysis to Hispanic/Latino immigrants with high cholesterol (n = 3974), hypertension (n = 3353), or diabetes (n = 2406); treatment was defined as use of statins, antihypertensives, and antidiabetics, respectively. Results. When compared with naturalized citizens, undocumented and documented immigrants were less likely to receive treatment for high cholesterol (38.4% vs 14.1%; prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.37 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27, 0.51] and 25.7%; PR = 0.67 [95% CI = 0.58, 0.76]), hypertension (77.7% vs 57.7%; PR = 0.74 [95% CI = 0.62, 0.89] and 68.1%; PR = 0.88 [95% CI = 0.82, 0.94]), and diabetes (60.3% vs. 50.4%; PR = 0.84 [95% CI = 0.68, 1.02] and 55.8%; PR = 0.93 [95% CI = 0.83, 1.03]); the latter did not reach statistical significance. Undocumented and documented immigrants had less access to health care, including insurance coverage or a usual health care provider, than naturalized citizens. Therefore, adjusting for health care access largely explained treatment disparities across immigration status. Conclusions. Preventing cardiovascular disease among Hispanic/Latino immigrants should focus on undertreatment of high cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes by increasing health care access, especially among undocumented immigrants.
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- 2020
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17. Incident Chronic Kidney Disease Risk among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).
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Ricardo AC, Loop MS, Gonzalez F 2nd, Lora CM, Chen J, Franceschini N, Kramer HJ, Toth-Manikowski SM, Talavera GA, Daviglus M, and Lash JP
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- Adult, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin analysis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Public Health, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ethnology, Risk Factors, United States epidemiology, Hispanic or Latino, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic epidemiology
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Background: Although Hispanics/Latinos in the United States are often considered a single ethnic group, they represent a heterogenous mixture of ancestries who can self-identify as any race defined by the U.S. Census. They have higher ESKD incidence compared with non-Hispanics, but little is known about the CKD incidence in this population., Methods: We examined rates and risk factors of new-onset CKD using data from 8774 adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Incident CKD was defined as eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m
2 with eGFR decline ≥1 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year, or urine albumin/creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g. Rates and incidence rate ratios were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance while accounting for the study's complex design., Results: Mean age was 40.3 years at baseline and 51.6% were women. In 5.9 years of follow-up, 648 participants developed CKD (10.6 per 1000 person-years). The age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates ranged from 6.6 (other Hispanic/mixed background) to 15.0 (Puerto Ricans) per 1000 person-years. Compared with Mexican background, Puerto Rican background was associated with 79% increased risk for incident CKD (incidence rate ratios, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.33 to 2.40), which was accounted for by differences in sociodemographics, acculturation, and clinical characteristics. In multivariable regression analysis, predictors of incident CKD included BP >140/90 mm Hg, higher glycated hemoglobin, lower baseline eGFR, and higher baseline urine albumin/creatinine ratio., Conclusions: CKD incidence varies by Hispanic/Latino heritage and this disparity may be in part attributed to differences in sociodemographic characteristics. Culturally tailored public heath interventions focusing on the prevention and control of risk factors might ameliorate the CKD burden in this population., (Copyright © 2020 by the American Society of Nephrology.)- Published
- 2020
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18. Cancer fatalism and adherence to national cancer screening guidelines: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).
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Moreno PI, Yanez B, Schuetz SJ, Wortman K, Gallo LC, Benedict C, Brintz CE, Cai J, Castaneda SF, Perreira KM, Gonzalez P, Gonzalez F 2nd, Isasi CR, and Penedo FJ
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- Acculturation, Adult, Aged, Early Detection of Cancer statistics & numerical data, Female, Guideline Adherence standards, Hispanic or Latino statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms epidemiology, Neoplasms ethnology, Public Health, Risk Factors, United States, Early Detection of Cancer psychology, Hispanic or Latino psychology, Neoplasms diagnosis, Neoplasms psychology
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Background: Sociocultural factors, such as health insurance status, income, education, and acculturation, predict cancer screening among U.S. Hispanics/Latinos. However, these factors can be difficult to modify. More research is needed to identify individual-level modifiable factors that may improve screening and subsequent cancer outcomes in this population. The aim of this study was to examine cancer fatalism (i.e., the belief that there is little or nothing one can do to lower his/her risk of developing cancer) as a determinant of adherence to national screening guidelines for colorectal, breast, prostate, and cervical cancer among Hispanics/Latinos., Methods: Participants were from the multi-site Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study (N = 5313). The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Health Interview National Trends Survey was used to assess cancer fatalism and receipt of cancer screening. Adherence was defined as following screening guidelines from United States Preventive Services Task Force and the American Cancer Society during the study period., Results: Adjusting for well-established determinants of cancer screening and covariates (health insurance status, income, education, acculturation, age, Hispanic/Latino background), lower cancer fatalism was marginally associated with greater adherence to screening for colorectal (OR 1.13, 95% CI [.99-1.30], p = .07), breast (OR 1.16, 95% CI [.99-1.36], p = .08) and prostate cancer (OR 1.18, 95% CI [.97-1.43], p = .10), but not cervical cancer., Conclusions: The associations of cancer fatalism were small and marginal, underlining that sociocultural factors are more robust determinants of cancer screening adherence among Hispanics/Latinos., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2019
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19. Association of Albuminuria With Cardiac Dysfunction in US Hispanics/Latinos.
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Hanna DB, Xu S, Melamed ML, Gonzalez F 2nd, Allison MA, Bilsker MS, Hurwitz BE, Kansal MM, Schneiderman N, Shah SJ, Kaplan RC, Rodriguez CJ, and Kizer JR
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- Albuminuria etiology, Albuminuria metabolism, Biomarkers urine, Creatinine urine, Diastole, Disease Progression, Echocardiography, Female, Heart Ventricles diagnostic imaging, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Systole, United States epidemiology, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left complications, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ethnology, Albuminuria ethnology, Heart Ventricles physiopathology, Hispanic or Latino, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left physiopathology, Ventricular Remodeling physiology
- Abstract
Higher urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) has been associated with cardiac dysfunction in the general population. We assessed the association of UACR with cardiac structure and function in the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos (Echo-SOL), an ancillary study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos across 4 US sites. Echo-SOL participants underwent standard 2-dimensional echocardiography, including speckle-tracking strain analysis. UACR was categorized as normal and high-normal (based on the midpoint of values below microalbuminuria), microalbuminuria (≥17 mg/g for men; ≥25 mg/g for women), and macroalbuminuria (≥250 mg/g; ≥355 mg/g). Simultaneous assessments were made of left ventricular (LV) mass index and hypertrophy and measures of LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction. We assessed the association of UACR with subclinical cardiac measures, adjusting for sociodemographic and cardiometabolic factors. Among 1,815 participants (median age 54, women 65%), 42% had normal UACR, 43% high-normal UACR, 13% microalbuminuria, and 2% macroalbuminuria. Prevalence of LV hypertrophy was 13%, LV systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction <50%) 3%, and diastolic dysfunction 53%. After covariate adjustment, both micro- and macroalbuminuria were significantly associated with a twofold increase in LV hypertrophy. Microalbuminuria but not macroalbuminuria was associated with worse global longitudinal strain. Elevated UACR, even at high-normal levels, was significantly associated with greater diastolic dysfunction. In conclusion, elevated UACR was associated with LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in the largest known population sample of US Hispanic/Latinos. Screening and detection of even high-normal UACR could be of value to guide cardiovascular disease prevention efforts among Hispanic/Latino Americans., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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20. Risk Factors for Hearing Impairment among Adults with Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).
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Bainbridge KE, Cowie CC, Gonzalez F 2nd, Hoffman HJ, Dinces E, Stamler J, and Cruickshanks KJ
- Abstract
Aim: The aim was to examine risk factors for hearing impairment among Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes., Methods: Findings are based on 3384 participants aged 18-76 years with diagnosed or previously undetected diabetes who completed audiometric testing as part of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We defined hearing impairment as the pure-tone average (PTA) >25 decibels hearing level [dB HL] of pure-tone thresholds at high frequencies (3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz) in the worse ear and defined a second hearing impairment outcome with the additional requirement of PTA >25 dB HL of low/mid-frequency (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz) thresholds in the worse ear. We identified independent associations using logistic regression., Results: Controlling for age and Hispanic/Latino background, prevalence ratios for hearing impairment in the high plus low/mid frequencies were 1.35 (95% CI 1.07, 1.71) for current smoking, 1.64 (1.14, 2.38) for alcohol consumption (≥ 14 drinks/week for men or ≥ 7 drinks/week for women), and 1.29 (1.06, 1.56) for triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL. For high-frequency only hearing impairment, the prevalence ratio for estimated glomerular filtration rate 30-59 mL/min/1.73m
2 was 1.23 (1.03, 1.47) adjusted for age and sex. People with family income less than $20,000 had almost twice the prevalence of hearing impairment (PR=1.93 (1.34, 2.78)) as people with income over $40,000., Conclusions: Current smoking, alcohol consumption, high triglycerides, and chronic kidney disease are potentially preventable correlates of hearing impairment for persons with diabetes. Low income is a marker of increased likelihood of hearing impairment.- Published
- 2016
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21. Hostility and quality of life among Hispanics/Latinos in the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study.
- Author
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Moncrieft AE, Llabre MM, Gallo LC, Cai J, Gonzalez F 2nd, Gonzalez P, Ostrovsky NW, Schneiderman N, and Penedo FJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety ethnology, Depression ethnology, Female, Health Surveys, Hispanic or Latino statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, United States, Young Adult, Hispanic or Latino psychology, Hostility, Quality of Life
- Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if hostility is associated with physical and mental health-related quality of life (QoL) in US. Hispanics/Latinos after accounting for depression and anxiety., Methods: Analyses included 5313 adults (62% women, 18-75 years) who completed the ancillary sociocultural assessment of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale, Spielberger Trait Anger Scale, Cook-Medley Hostility cynicism subscale and Short Form Health Survey. In a structural regression model, associations of hostility with mental and physical QoL were examined., Results: In a model adjusting for age, sex, disease burden, income, education and years in the US., hostility was related to worse mental QoL, and was marginally associated with worse physical QoL. However, when adjusting for the influence of depression and anxiety, greater hostility was associated with better mental QoL, and was not associated with physical QoL., Conclusions: Results indicate observed associations between hostility and QoL are confounded by symptoms of anxiety and depression, and suggest hostility is independently associated with better mental QoL in this population. Findings also highlight the importance of differentiating shared and unique associations of specific emotions with health outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2016
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22. Social Support, Simpatía, and Hypertension Prevalence in Hispanics/Latinos: Findings from the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study.
- Author
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Merz EL, Roesch SC, Malcarne VL, Penedo FJ, Talavera GA, Castañeda SF, Daviglus ML, Giachello AL, Gonzalez F 2nd, Perreira KM, Ponguta LA, and Gallo LC
- Abstract
There is a significant burden of hypertension in the United States, which extends to the large and growing Hispanic/Latino population. Previous literature suggests that psychosocial factors are related to hypertension in Hispanics/Latinos. However, cultural factors unique to this population have been largely understudied in this context. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the association of hypertension prevalence with social support and simpatía, a Hispanic/Latino cultural value emphasizing social harmony. Cross-sectional data from 5,313 adult Hispanics/Latinos, age 18 to 75 years, representing multiple heritage groups were collected as part of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Contrary to predictions, higher social support was related to higher odds of hypertension prevalence across models ( OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.22). In the final main effects logistic regression model, higher simpatía was related to lower odds of hypertension ( OR = .83, 95% CI: .77, .90). Sex modified the link between simpatía and hypertension, with significant effects for men but not women. A 1 SD increase in simpatía was associated with 36% lower odds of hypertension in Hispanic/Latino men. The findings suggest that social support was inversely related with hypertension prevalence and that simpatía may be a protective cultural characteristic in relation to hypertension in the Hispanic/Latino population, but only in men. These results contribute to a growing discourse about the role of Hispanic/Latino cultural values in cardiovascular health.
- Published
- 2016
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23. Sleep Apnea Is Associated with Hearing Impairment: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
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Chopra A, Jung M, Kaplan RC, Appel DW, Dinces EA, Dhar S, Zee PC, Gonzalez F 2nd, Lee DJ, Ramos AR, Hoffman HJ, Redline S, Cruickshanks KJ, and Shah NA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Hispanic or Latino statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polysomnography, Risk Factors, United States, Urban Population statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, Hearing Loss complications, Sleep Apnea Syndromes complications
- Abstract
Study Objective: Sleep apnea (SA) may promote hearing impairment (HI) through ischemia and inflammation of the cochlea. Our objective was to assess an independent association between SA and HI in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) participants., Methods: We used data from the HCHS/SOL, a multicenter population-based study of self- identifying Hispanic/Latinos 18- to 74-y-old adults from four US urban communities. We performed home SA testing and in-clinic audiometry testing in all participants. SA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 events/h. HI was defined as a mean hearing threshold > 25 dB hearing level in either ear at the frequencies: 3,000 to 8,000 Hz for high-frequency HI (HF-HI) and 500 to 2,000 Hz for low-frequency HI (LF-HI). Combined-frequency HI (CF-HI) was defined as both conditions present, and Any-HI was considered as HI in either low or high frequencies., Results: Of 13,967 participants, 9.9% had SA and 32.3% had Any-HI. Adjusted for risk factors for HI, those with SA had a 30% higher odds of Any-HI (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8% to 57%), 26% higher odds of HF-HI (CI = 3% to 55%), 127% higher odds of LF-HI (CI = 21% to 326%), and 29% higher odds of CF-HI (CI = 0% to 65%). A dose-response association was observed between AHI severity and Any-HI (versus no SA, OR for AHI ≥ 15 and < 30 = 1.22, CI = 0.96 to 1.54, and OR for AHI ≥ 30 = 1.46, CI = 1.11 to 1.91, p = 0.002)., Conclusion: SA is associated with HF-HI and LF-HI, independent of snoring and other confounders., Commentary: A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 641., (© 2016 American Academy of Sleep Medicine.)
- Published
- 2016
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24. Comparison of Echocardiographic Measures in a Hispanic/Latino Population With the 2005 and 2015 American Society of Echocardiography Reference Limits (The Echocardiographic Study of Latinos).
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Qureshi WT, Leigh JA, Swett K, Dharod A, Allison MA, Cai J, Gonzalez F 2nd, Hurwitz BE, Shah SJ, Desai AA, Spevack DM, and Rodriguez CJ
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Echocardiography methods, Heart Atria diagnostic imaging, Heart Ventricles diagnostic imaging, Hispanic or Latino
- Abstract
Background: Reference limits for echocardiographic quantification of cardiac chambers in Hispanics are not well studied., Methods and Results: We examined the reference values of left atrium and left ventricle (LV) structure in a large ethnically diverse Hispanic cohort. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography was performed in 1818 participants of the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos (ECHO-SOL). Individuals with body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and atrial fibrillation were excluded leaving 525 participants defined as healthy reference cohort. We estimated 95th weighted percentiles of LV end systolic volume, LV end diastolic volume, relative wall and septal thickness, LV mass, and left atrial volume. We then used upper reference limits of the 2005 and 2015 American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and 95th percentile of reference cohort to classify the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) target population into abnormal and normal. Reference limits were also calculated for each of 6 Hispanic origins. Using ASE 2015 defined reference values, we categorized 7%, 21%, 57%, and 17% of men and 18%, 29%, 60%, and 26% of women as having abnormal LV mass index, relative, septal, and posterior wall thickness, respectively. Conversely, 10% and 11% of men and 4% and 2% of women were classified as having abnormal end-diastolic volume and internal diameter by ASE 2015 cutoffs, respectively. Similar differences were found when we used 2005 ASE cutoffs. Several differences were noted in distribution of cardiac structure and volumes among various Hispanic/Latino origins. Cubans had highest values of echocardiographic measures, and Central Americans had the lowest., Conclusions: This is the first large study that provides normal reference values for cardiac structure. It further demonstrates that a considerable segment of Hispanic/Latinos residing in the United States may be classified as having abnormal measures of cardiac chambers when 2015 and 2005 ASE reference cutoffs are used., (© 2015 American Heart Association, Inc.)
- Published
- 2016
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25. Cuban Americans have the highest rates of peripheral arterial disease in diverse Hispanic/Latino communities.
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Allison MA, Gonzalez F 2nd, Raij L, Kaplan R, Ostfeld RJ, Pattany MS, Heiss G, and Criqui MH
- Subjects
- Aged, Ankle Brachial Index, Arterial Pressure, Cuba ethnology, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Mexico ethnology, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Peripheral Arterial Disease diagnosis, Peripheral Arterial Disease physiopathology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States epidemiology, Hispanic or Latino, Peripheral Arterial Disease ethnology
- Abstract
Objective: Because Hispanic ethnicity in the United States is heterogeneous, the purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) within U.S. Hispanic/Latino groups defined by national background., Methods: This analysis included 9648 men and women older than 45 years enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). The ankle-brachial index (ABI) was computed as the higher of the posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis systolic blood pressures for each leg divided by the higher brachial artery systolic blood pressure. The index ABI was the higher of the two. An ABI ≤0.90 was the criterion for the presence of PAD., Results: The mean age was 56 years, and 55% were female. Overall, the prevalence of an ABI ≤0.90 (PAD), 0.90 to 0.99 (borderline), 1.0 to 1.39 (normal), and ≥1.40 (high) was 5.7%, 19.3%, 72.5%, and 2.6%, respectively. After multivariable adjustment for PAD risk factors and compared with Mexicans, Cubans had a nearly threefold higher odds for PAD (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-4.4). The odds of PAD for the other Hispanic/Latino groups ranged from 1.2 to 1.8. Although men had a more than threefold higher odds of an ABI ≥1.40 (3.6; 2.0-6.5), the odds did not differ significantly by Hispanic/Latino background., Conclusions: Compared with Mexican Americans, all other Hispanic/Latino background groups have a significantly higher odds of having PAD, with the odds being nearly threefold higher among Cubans., (Copyright © 2015 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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26. Hearing Impairment Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
- Author
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Cruickshanks KJ, Dhar S, Dinces E, Fifer RC, Gonzalez F 2nd, Heiss G, Hoffman HJ, Lee DJ, Newhoff M, Tocci L, Torre P 3rd, and Tweed TS
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Audiometry, Pure-Tone, Central America ethnology, Cohort Studies, Female, Hearing Loss epidemiology, Humans, Male, Mexico ethnology, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, South America ethnology, West Indies ethnology, Young Adult, Hearing Loss ethnology, Hispanic or Latino statistics & numerical data, Urban Health ethnology
- Abstract
Importance: Hearing impairment is common in adults, but few studies have addressed it in the US Hispanic/Latino population., Objective: To determine the prevalence of hearing impairment among US Hispanic/Latino adults of diverse backgrounds and determine associations with potential risk factors., Design, Setting, and Participants: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a population-based sample of Hispanics/Latinos in four US communities (Bronx, New York; Chicago, Illinois; Miami, Florida; and San Diego, California). Examinations were conducted from 2008 through 2011. The HCHS/SOL examined 16,415 self-identified Hispanic/Latino persons aged 18 to 74 years recruited from randomly selected households using a stratified 2-stage area probability sample design based on census block groups and households within block groups., Main Outcomes and Measures: Hearing thresholds were measured by pure-tone audiometry. Hearing impairment was defined as a pure-tone average (PTA) of thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz greater than 25 dB hearing level. Bilateral hearing impairment required a PTA greater than 25 dB hearing level in both ears. Multivariable analyses included adjustments for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, body mass index, and medical conditions., Results: The prevalence of hearing impairment was 15.06% (SE, 0.44%) overall, and 8.24% (SE, 0.33%) had bilateral hearing impairment. The prevalence of hearing impairment was higher among people 45 years and older, ranging by Hispanic/Latino background from 29.35% to 41.20% among men and 17.89% to 32.11% among women. The multivariable-adjusted odds of hearing impairment was greater for participants of Puerto Rican background compared with Mexican background (odds ratio [OR], 1.57 [95% CI, 1.10-2.25]). The odds of hearing impairment were lower with more education (OR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.59-0.86] for at least high school) and higher income (OR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.36-0.92] for >$75,000 vs ≤$10,000). Noise exposure (OR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.07-1.70]), diabetes (OR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.27-1.94]), and prediabetes (OR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.12-1.67]) were associated with hearing impairment., Conclusions and Relevance: Hearing impairment is a common problem for older Hispanics/Latinos in these communities and is associated with socioeconomic factors, noise exposure, and abnormal glucose metabolism. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these factors are involved in the etiology of hearing impairment and to identify ways to prevent or delay age-related changes in hearing.
- Published
- 2015
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27. Glycemic control among U.S. Hispanics/Latinos with diabetes from the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study: do structural and functional social support play a role?
- Author
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Fortmann AL, Roesch SC, Penedo FJ, Isasi CR, Carnethon MR, Corsino L, Schneiderman N, Daviglus ML, Teng Y, Giachello A, Gonzalez F 2nd, and Gallo LC
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Demography, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin metabolism, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Blood Glucose metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus blood, Hispanic or Latino, Social Support
- Abstract
Social support is one potential source of health-related resiliency in Hispanics with diabetes. This study examined relationships of structural (i.e., social integration) and functional (i.e., perceived) social support with glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin; HbA1c) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study. This study included 766 men and women representing multiple Hispanic ethnic backgrounds, aged 18-74 years, with diagnosed diabetes who completed fasting blood draw, medication review, and measures of sociodemographic factors, medical history, structural support (Cohen Social Network Index), and functional support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-12). After adjusting for sociodemographic covariates and medication, a one standard deviation increase in functional support was related to an 0.18% higher HbA1c (p = 0.04). A similar trend was observed for structural support; however, this effect was non-significant in adjusted models. Greater functional support was associated with poorer glycemic control in Hispanics.
- Published
- 2015
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28. Associations of structural and functional social support with diabetes prevalence in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos: results from the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study.
- Author
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Gallo LC, Fortmann AL, McCurley JL, Isasi CR, Penedo FJ, Daviglus ML, Roesch SC, Talavera GA, Gouskova N, Gonzalez F 2nd, Schneiderman N, and Carnethon MR
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Hispanic or Latino statistics & numerical data, Social Support
- Abstract
Little research has examined associations of social support with diabetes (or other physical health outcomes) in Hispanics, who are at elevated risk. We examined associations between social support and diabetes prevalence in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Participants were 5,181 adults, 18-74 years old, representing diverse Hispanic backgrounds, who underwent baseline exam with fasting blood draw, oral glucose tolerance test, medication review, sociodemographic assessment, and sociocultural exam with functional and structural social support measures. In adjusted analyses, one standard deviation higher structural and functional social support related to 16 and 15% lower odds, respectively, of having diabetes. Structural and functional support were related to both previously diagnosed diabetes (OR = .84 and .88, respectively) and newly recognized diabetes prevalence (OR = .84 and .83, respectively). Higher functional and structural social support are associated with lower diabetes prevalence in Hispanics/Latinos.
- Published
- 2015
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29. Genetic association analysis under complex survey sampling: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.
- Author
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Lin DY, Tao R, Kalsbeek WD, Zeng D, Gonzalez F 2nd, Fernández-Rhodes L, Graff M, Koch GG, North KE, and Heiss G
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cohort Studies, Computer Simulation, Female, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Research Design, Sampling Studies, United States, Young Adult, Genetic Association Studies methods, Health Surveys methods, Hispanic or Latino genetics, Models, Statistical
- Abstract
The cohort design allows investigators to explore the genetic basis of a variety of diseases and traits in a single study while avoiding major weaknesses of the case-control design. Most cohort studies employ multistage cluster sampling with unequal probabilities to conveniently select participants with desired characteristics, and participants from different clusters might be genetically related. Analysis that ignores the complex sampling design can yield biased estimation of the genetic association and inflation of the type I error. Herein, we develop weighted estimators that reflect unequal selection probabilities and differential nonresponse rates, and we derive variance estimators that properly account for the sampling design and the potential relatedness of participants in different sampling units. We compare, both analytically and numerically, the performance of the proposed weighted estimators with unweighted estimators that disregard the sampling design. We demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed methods through analysis of MetaboChip data in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, which is the largest health study of the Hispanic/Latino population in the United States aimed at identifying risk factors for various diseases and determining the role of genes and environment in the occurrence of diseases. We provide guidelines on the use of weighted and unweighted estimators, as well as the relevant software., (Copyright © 2014 The American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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30. Relationship between circulating levels of RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted) and carotid plaque characteristics: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Carotid MRI Study.
- Author
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Virani SS, Nambi V, Hoogeveen R, Wasserman BA, Coresh J, Gonzalez F 2nd, Chambless LE, Mosley TH, Boerwinkle E, and Ballantyne CM
- Subjects
- Aged, C-Reactive Protein metabolism, Carotid Stenosis ethnology, Carotid Stenosis etiology, Cohort Studies, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Lipids analysis, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Carotid Artery, Common pathology, Carotid Artery, Internal pathology, Carotid Stenosis pathology, Chemokine CCL5 metabolism
- Abstract
Aims: To assess the relationship between regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and carotid atherosclerotic plaque burden and plaque characteristics., Methods and Results: Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the carotid artery was performed in 1901 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Wall thickness and volume, lipid-core volume, and fibrous cap thickness (by MRI) and plasma RANTES levels (by ELISA) were measured. Regression analysis was performed to study the associations between MRI variables and RANTES. Among 1769 inclusive participants, multivariable regression analysis revealed that total wall volume [beta-coefficient (β) = 0.09, P = 0.008], maximum wall thickness (β = 0.08, P = 0.01), vessel wall area (β = 0.07, P = 0.02), mean minimum fibrous cap thickness (β = 0.11, P = 0.03), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (β = 0.09, P = 0.01) were positively associated with RANTES. Total lipid-core volume showed positive association in unadjusted models (β = 0.18, P = 0.02), but not in fully adjusted models (β = 0.13, P = 0.09). RANTES levels were highest in Caucasian females followed by Caucasian males, African-American females, and African-American males (P < 0.0001). Statin use attenuated the relationship between RANTES and measures of plaque burden., Conclusion: Positive associations between RANTES and carotid wall thickness and lipid-core volume (in univariate analysis) suggest that higher RANTES levels may be associated with extent of carotid atherosclerosis and high-risk plaques. Associations between fibrous cap thickness and RANTES likely reflect the lower reliability estimate for fibrous cap measurements compared with wall volume or lipid-core volume measurements. Statin use may modify the association between RANTES and carotid atherosclerosis. Furthermore, RANTES levels vary by race.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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