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This self-study examines the intersectionality of online teaching, inclusive teaching practices, and culturally responsive teaching in an online graduate teacher education program. Inspired by student perceptions of the promotion of equity and inclusion in the online program, our critical friends group engaged in ongoing reflection and discourse about our current practice as teacher educators and as a program. At the onset of the self-study, we believed that our practices were promoting inclusivity and equity for our students. We discovered, however, that despite our intentional efforts to model and promote these, we each had room to improve our practice. As a result, we engaged in professional development to better equip ourselves to model and promote equity and inclusion in our online teacher education program. We found that there is considerable overlap in research-based effective practices for online teaching, culturally responsive teaching, and inclusive teaching. We have provided recommendations for teacher educators to consider as they design for and model the intersectionality of equity and inclusion in their practice.

What explains variation in the propensity for conflict involvement and initiation among states? In the study of international security, a debate remains between those who argue stronger civilian control of the military lowers the likelihood of interstate conflict, and those who argue that states with stronger civilian control over the military will be more conflict-prone. This article adjudicates between these competing theories through the use of a newly published measure of civilian control over the military. The theory is tested via Poisson regression using a large-N country-year data set. Ultimately, the results support theories of military restraint, showing that states with stronger civilian control over the military are more conflict-prone than states with weaker civilian control of the military. The article contributes to our understanding of war and interstate conflict and the study of civil–military relations by showing that increased civilian control increases the likelihood of interstate conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analogical reasoning is integral to everyday living. The diversity associated with a coral reef provides a familiar model for initiating discussions focusing on cultural diversity and gender of past and present scientists with non-western science endeavors. These concepts are strengthened through the use of scientific biographical and historical literature.