Search

El acompañamiento y el seguimiento académico de los estudiantes son tareas de gran importancia, necesarias para garantizar el éxito de su carrera profesional durante su vida universitaria, y después de ésta. Estos procesos no comienzan necesariamente con el ingreso de los estudiantes en la Universidad, sino que se extienden a los estudiantes de último curso de educación secundaria y bachillerato. Existe por tanto la necesidad de incluir dentro de las acciones que realizamos en la facultad (información, formación, inclusión) a los estudiantes de bachillerato, dándoles a conocer nuestro entorno de cara a su incorporación en la facultad. Por otro lado, la experiencia del equipo que trabajará en este proyecto, nos ha llevado a ser conscientes de los innumerables problemas que tienen los estudiantes de nuestra facultad para obtener información, formación, acompañamiento, seguimiento o inclusión en cuestiones que pueden afectar de una forma directa en sus actividades académica cotidianas y en su formación integral que reciben en nuestra facultad. La falta de una unidad o servicio centralizado para satisfacer estas necesidades ha sido aún más patente desde la pandemia. En la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas se realizan multitud de actividades relacionadas con estas iniciativas y que son desconocidas por gran parte de la comunidad universitaria. Las acciones que se vienen realizando desde la facultad de Ciencias Biológicas estas dispersas entre distintos servicios y vicedecanatos (Vicedecanato de Calidad, Innovación y Sostenibilidad, Vicedecanato de Estudiantes, Practicas Externas y Movilidad, Vicedecanato de Estudios, Coordinadora de Grado, Oficina Erasmus, Vicedecanato de Investigación, Secretaría Académica, Delegación de Estudiantes, Oficina de Diversidad, etc.). En este sentido, con este proyecto pretendemos potenciar, sincronizar, coordinar y dar visibilidad a todas estas, mostrando la inmensa utilidad que suponen para nuestros estudiantes, cómo influyen en la mejora de

In high latitude continental margins, glacio-seismotectonics becomes particularly relevant during postglacial unloading periods and related isostatic rebound. Based on multibeam bathymetry and parametric profiles, an unexpected active 30 km long NNW-SSE fault is imaged for the first time in the inner Storfjorden glacial trough, at the passive continental margin of the Barents Sea. The 10 km southern tip of the fault was surveyed in detail and it is characterised by a total fault throw of 65 m. The fault forms an asymmetric valley with an upraised block to its east (top at 245 m water depth), a downthrown block to the west (at 310 m water depth), and a most recent fault scarp with 8 m relief at the seafloor valley axis. Recent fault activity is evidenced by its morphological expression on the seafloor, the faulting of the glacial, glaciomarine and marine sediments and streamlined landforms formed during the last glacial-interglacial period. Mass flow deposits along the upraised block would also indicate recent fault activity. This fault may trigger earthquakes of up to MW 6.2, based on the magnitude/length ratio of the detailed surveyed segment, which is similar in magnitude to those that occurred in the nearby northeastern regions during 2008–2012. In any case, earthquakes may reach up to MW 6.8 if the entire fault length is activated. Rather than the expected normal fault on the passive margin, this fault seems to be reversed and dipping eastwards. The integration of the Storfjorden glacial trough reverse fault with regional structures suggests that the fault activated the southwestward front of a wide, continental crustal block. These results are in accordance with a change in the stresses in the passive continental margin since the rifting stage, from extension to post-rift compression, and suggest that postglacial unloading may have favoured the fault development

Somatic embryogenesis is considered a convenient tool for investigating the regulating mechanisms of embryo formation; it is also a feasible system for in vitro regeneration procedures, with many advantages in woody species. Nevertheless, trees have shown recalcitrance to somatic embryogenesis, and its efficiency remains very low in many cases. Consequently, despite the clear potential of somatic embryogenesis in tree breeding programs, its application is limited since factors responsible for embryogenesis initiation have not yet been completely elucidated. In the present work, we investigated key cellular factors involved in the change of developmental program during leaf somatic embryogenesis initiation of white oak (Quercus alba), aiming to identify early markers of the process. The results revealed that pectin esterification, auxin accumulation and DNA demethylation were induced during embryogenesis initiation and differentially found in embryogenic cells, while they were not present in leaf cells before induction or in non-embryogenic cells after embryogenesis initiation. These three factors constitute early markers of leaf embryogenesis and represent processes that could be interconnected and involved in the regulation of cell reprogramming and embryogenesis initiation. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying plant cell reprogramming, totipotency and embryogenic competence acquisition, especially in tree species for which information is scarce, thus opening up the possibility of efficient manipulation of somatic embryogenesis induction., Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Work supported by projects granted by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN), BFU2011-23752, BFU2008-00203 and AGL2008-04255, and CSIC, PIE 201020E038., DNA methylation of cytosine residues constitutes a prominent epigenetic modification of the chromatin fiber which is locked in a transcriptionally inactive conformation leading to gene silencing. Plant developmental processes, as differentiation and proliferation, are accompanied by chromatin remodeling and epigenetic reprogramming. Despite the increasing knowledge gained on the epigenetic mechanisms controlling plant developmental processes, the knowledge of the DNA methylation regulation during relevant developmental programs in flowering plants, such as gametogenesis or embryogenesis, is very limited. The analysis of global DNA methylation levels has been frequently conducted by high performance capillary electrophoresis, and more recently also by ELISA-based assays, which provided quantitative data of whole organs and tissues. Nevertheless, to investigate the DNA methylation dynamics during plant development in different cell types of the same organ, the analysis of spatial and temporal pattern of nuclear distribution of 5-methyl-deoxy-cytidine (5mdC) constitutes a potent approach. In this work, immunolocalization of 5mdC on sections and subsequent confocal laser microscopy analysis have been applied for in situ cellular analysis of a variety of plant cells, tissues and organs with different characteristics, e.g. hardness, heterogeneity, cell accessibility, tissue compactness, etc.; the results demonstrated the versatility and feasibility of the approach for different plant samples, and revealed defined DNA methylation nuclear patterns associated with differentiation and proliferation events of various plant cell types and developmental programs. Quantification of 5mdC immunofluorescence intensity by image analysis software also permitted to estimate differences in global DNA methylation levels among different cells types of the same organ during development., Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project BFU2011-23752). M.R.S. was a recipient of a postdoctoral Juan-de-la-Cierva grant (JCI-2007-123-1177). ÍNDICES DE IMPACTO DE LA REVISTA: Citas recibidas • Citas en Sopas: 66 (22-01-2023) • Citas en Web os Science: 63 (28-12-2023) JCR (Journal Impact Factor) • Año 2012 • Factor de impacto de la revista: 5.242 • Factor de impacto sin autocitas: 4.782 • Article influence score: 1.609 • Cuartil mayor: Q1 • Área: PLANT SCIENCES Cuartil: Q1 Posición en el área: 13/197 (Edicion: SCIE) SCImago Journal Rank • Año 2012 • Impacto SJR de la revista: 2.619 • Cuartil mayor: Q1 • Área: Plant Science Cuartil: Q1 Posición en el área: 15/417 • Área: Physiology Cuartil: Q1 Posición en el área: 15/185 Scopus CiteScore • Año 2012 • CiteScore de la revista: 8.5 • Área: Plant Science Percentil: 95 • Área: Physiology Percentil: 89 • Área: Medicine (all) Percentil: 90, Stress-induced plant cell reprogramming involves changes in global genome organization, being the epigenetic modifications key factors in the regulation of genome flexibility. DNA methylation, accomplished by DNA methyltransferases, constitutes a prominent epigenetic modification of the chromatin fibre which is locked in a transcriptionally inactive conformation. Changes in DNA methylation accompany the reorganization of the nuclear architecture during plant cell differentiation and proliferation. After a stress treatment, in vitro-cultured microspores are reprogrammed and change their gametophytic developmental pathway towards embryogenesis, the process constituting a useful system of reprogramming in isolated cells for applied and basic research. Gene expression driven by developmental and stress cues often depends on DNA methylation; however, global DNA methylation and genome-wide expression patterns relationship is still poorly understood. In this work, the dynamics of DNA methylation patterns in relation to nuclear architecture and the expression of BnMET1a-like DNA methyltransferase genes have been analysed during pollen development and pollen reprogramming to embryogenesis in Brassica napus L. by a multidisciplinary approach. Results showed an epigenetic reprogramming after microspore embryogenesis induction which involved a decrease of global DNA methylation and its nuclear redistribution with the change of developmental programme and the activation of cell proliferation, while DNA methylation increases with pollen and embryo differentiation in a cell-type-specific manner. Changes in the presence, abundance, and distribution of BnMET1a-like transcripts highly correlated with variations in DNA methylation. Mature zygotic and pollen embryos presented analogous patterns of DNA methylation and MET1a-like expression, providing new evidence of the similarities between both developmental embryogenic programmes., Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Work supported by projects granted by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) BFU2005-01094 and AGL2005-05104, and it was performed in the frame of the CSIC-INIA Joint Collaboration Program (Convenio CC03-023). MTS is recipient of a predoctoral fellowship (FPI, BES-2006-14117) granted by the Spanish MEC. MJP was recipient of a contract granted by the project CAM 07G/0009/2003 1 funded by the Comunidad de Madrid. Partly supported by Spanish-Czech Joint project 2006CZ0006 granted by Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Czech Academy of Sciences and Czech grants MSM0021620806, LC535 and AV0Z50110509., Microspore embryogenesis to form haploid and double-haploid embryos and regenerated plants is an efficient method of producing homozygous lines for crop breeding. In trees, the process is of special interest since classical methods are impractical in many cases, as in Olea europaea L. Recently, a convenient method has been developed for microspore embryogenesis induction by stress in olive isolated microspores in vitro cultures. In the present work, the switch of the microspore developmental pathway and the formation of microspore-derived multicellular proembryos have been achieved and a cytochemical and immunocytochemical analysis was performed in the early stages. The young microspore proembryos displayed defined features different to both, the in vivo gametophytic, and the in vitro non-responsive microspores. Reprogrammed microspores showed an absence of starch, the occurrence of a first symmetrical division and cytokinesis, the presence of an abundant ribosomal population, and changes in cellulosic and pectic cell wall components which constituted early markers of the embryogenic microspore process. They provided new insights on the molecular and cellular events associated with the microspore reprogramming of woody plants, and specifically in olive, providing interesting knowledge which could guide future selection and regeneration strategies in this fruit tree of high economic interest., Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

This work is supported by projects AGL2014-52028-R and AGL2017-82447-R funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER). YPP is the recipient of a grant (PEJ15/BIO/AI-01S8) funded by Comunidad de Madrid and European Commission through ERDF/FEDER., Microspores are reprogrammed towards embryogenesis by stress. Many microspores die after this stress, limiting the efficiency of microspore embryogenesis. Autophagy is a degradation pathway that plays critical roles in stress response and cell death. In animals, cathepsins have an integral role in autophagy by degrading autophagic material; less is known in plants. Plant cathepsins are papain-like C1A cysteine proteases involved in many physiological processes, including programmed cell death. We have analysed the involvement of autophagy in cell death, in relation to cathepsin activation, during stress-induced microspore embryogenesis in Hordeum vulgare. After stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death increased and autophagy was activated, including HvATG5 and HvATG6 up-regulation and increase of ATG5, ATG8, and autophagosomes. Concomitantly, cathepsin L/F-, B-, and H-like activities were induced, cathepsin-like genes HvPap-1 and HvPap-6 were up-regulated, and HvPap-1, HvPap-6, and HvPap-19 proteins increased and localized in the cytoplasm, resembling autophagy structures. Inhibitors of autophagy and cysteine proteases reduced cell death and promoted embryogenesis. The findings reveal a role for autophagy in stress-induced cell death during microspore embryogenesis, and the participation of cathepsins. Similar patterns of activation, expression, and localization suggest a possible connection between cathepsins and autophagy. The results open up new possibilities to enhance microspore embryogenesis efficiency with autophagy and/or cysteine protease modulators., Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Work supported by projects granted by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, MICINN, BFU2008-00203, AGL2008-04255 and BFU2011-23752. DP was recipient of a grant of the Spanish MICINN for Stays of Foreign Postdoctoral Researchers in Spanish Research Centres (SB2006-0074), HRS is recipient of a predoctoral fellowship of the Spanish MICINN (BES-2009-014245).REVISTA: BMC Plant Biology ISSN: 1471-2229 AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN: 2012 VOLUMEN: 12 • Citas en Scopus: 66 (28-01-2023) JCR (Journal Impact Factor) • Año 2012 • Factor de impacto de la revista: 4.354 • Factor de impacto sin autocitas: 4.127 • Article influence score: 1.351 • Cuartil mayor: Q1 • Área: PLANT SCIENCES Cuartil: Q1 Posición en el área: 16/197 (Edicion: SCIE) SCImago Journal Rank • Año 2012 • Impacto SJR de la revista: 2.126 • Cuartil mayor: Q1 • Área: Plant Science Cuartil: Q1 Posición en el área: 23/417 Scopus CiteScore • Año 2012 • CiteScore de la revista: 6.5 • Área: Plant Science Percentil: 93, Microspore embryogenesis represents a unique system of single cell reprogramming in plants wherein a highly specialized cell, the microspore, by specific stress treatment, switches its fate towards an embryogenesis pathway. In Brassica napus, a model species for this phenomenon, incubation of isolated microspores at 32°C is considered to be a pre-requisite for embryogenesis induction., Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity, MINECO [BFU2011-23752]; the Spanish National Research Council, CSIC [201020E038]; the Spanish Plant Cell Physiol. 55(1): 16–29 (2014) doi:10.1093/pcp/pct152 ! The Author 2013. 27 Epigenetic changes during tapetum PCD Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/pcp/article/55/1/16/1838123 by guest on 04 February 2023 Ministry of Science and Innovation, MICINN [grant to N.C. for Stays of Foreign Postdoctoral Researchers and grant to J.C.E. for Sabaticcal Stays in Spanish Research Centre]; the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, MICINN [a post-doctoral Juan-de-la-Cierva grant (JCI-2007-123-1177) to M.R.S.]. ÍNDICES DE IMPACTO DE LA REVISTA: Citas recibidas Citas en Scopus: 35 (27-01-2023) JCR (Journal Impact Factor) • Año 2014 • Factor de impacto de la revista: 4.931 • Factor de impacto sin autocitas: 4.506 • Article influence score: 1.502 • Cuartil mayor: Q1 • Área: PLANT SCIENCES Cuartil: Q1 Posición en el área: 15/204 (Edicion: SCIE) • Área: CELL BIOLOGY Cuartil: Q2 Posición en el área: 52/184 (Edicion: SCIE) SCImago Journal Rank • Año 2014 • Impacto SJR de la revista: 2.556 • Cuartil mayor: Q1 • Área: Plant Science Cuartil: Q1 Posición en el área: 17/438 • Área: Cell Biology Cuartil: Q1 Posición en el área: 52/290 • Área: Physiology Cuartil: Q1 Posición en el área: 18/186 • Área: Medicine (miscellaneous) Cuartil: Q1 Posición en el área: 109/2984 Scopus CiteScore • Año 2014 • CiteScore de la revista: 8.9 • Área: Plant Science Percentil: 95 • Área: Physiology Percentil: 91 • Área: Cell Biology Percentil: 83, The tapetum, the nursing tissue inside anthers, undergoes cellular degradation by programmed cell death (PCD) during late stages of microspore-early pollen development. Despite the key function of tapetum, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating this cell death process in which profound nuclear and chromatin changes occur. Epigenetic features (DNA methylation and histone modifications) have been revealed as hallmarks that establish the functional status of chromatin domains, but no evidence on the epigenetic regulation of PCD has been reported. DNA methylation is accomplished by DNA methyltransferases, among which DNA methyl transferase 1 (MET1) constitutes one of the CG maintenance methyltransferase in plants, also showing de novo methyltransferase activity. In this work, the changes in epigenetic marks during the PCD of tapetal cells have been investigated by a multidisciplinary approach to reveal the dynamics of DNA methylation and the pattern of expression of MET1 in relation to the main cellular changes of this PCD process which have also been characterized in two species, Brassica napus and Nicotiana tabacum. The results showed that tapetum PCD progresses with the increase in global DNA methylation and MET1 expression, epigenetic changes that accompanied the reorganization of the nuclear architecture and a high chromatin condensation, activity of caspase 3-like proteases and Cyt c release. The reported data indicate a relationship between the PCD process and the DNA methylation dynamics and MET1 expression in tapetal cells, suggesting a possible new role for the epigenetic marks in the nuclear events occurring during this cell death process and providing new insights into the epigenetic control of plant PCD., Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

The world is stunned by the impact and devastation of a health condition like SARS-CoV-2, COVID19. Each pandemic has been catastrophic due to the implications caused in the world structure, affecting mainly the population and the sectors of productive life, leaving behind not only death but also higher rates of poverty. Undoubtedly, one of the main economic activities of Mexicans is trade, whether local or international; being aware of not being self-sufficient and commercially independent, it is that a greater number of links have been generated with what others produce and market through imports and exports. Because customs are in charge of controlling the entry and exit of merchandise from the country, this article presents a descriptive analysis presenting the data obtained, with a mixed approach, and with the purpose of analyzing how customs have operated against COVID-19, in order to identify and show, if any, the effects in terms of international trade relations that we have with other nations; first, in relation to the variability that has arisen in the entry and exit of merchandise, then, indicating which are the customs that decreased or strengthened the flow of merchandise, since to the surprise of many, there is no substantial change regarding the number of customs operations that have been carried out from Mexican customs, during the aforementioned global health contingency, O mundo está surpreso com o impacto e a devastação de uma condição de saúde como SARS-CoV2, COVID-19. Cada pandemia tem sido catastrófica pelas implicações causadas na estrutura mundial, afetando principalmente a população e os setores da vida produtiva, abandonando não só a morte, mas também maiores índices de pobreza. Sem dúvida, uma das principais atividades econômicas dos mexicanos é o comércio, seja local ou internacional; conscientes de não serem autossuficientes e independentes comercialmente, é que um maior número de vínculos fora gerado com o que outros produzem e comercializam através de importações e exportações. Sendo a alfândega a responsável pelo controlo da entrada e saída de mercadorias do país, este artigo apresenta uma análise descritiva apresentando os dados obtidos, com uma abordagem mista, e com o objetivo de analisar como tem funcionado a alfândega face ao COVID-19, em a fim de identificar e mostrar, se houver, os efeitos em termos de relações comerciais internacionais que mantemos com outras nações; primeiro, em relação à variabilidade que tem surgido na entrada e saída de mercadorias, depois, indicando quais são os costumes que diminuíram ou fortaleceram o fluxo de mercadorias, pois para surpresa de muitos, não há alteração substancial quanto ao número de operações alfandegárias realizadas desde a alfândega mexicana, durante a mencionada contingência sanitária global., El mundo está desconcertado ante el impacto y la devastación de una condición sanitaria como la del SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19. Cada pandemia ha sido catastrófica por las implicaciones causadas en la estructura mundial, repercutiendo principalmente en la población y en los sectores de la vida productiva, dejando a su paso no solamente muerte sino también mayores índices de pobreza. Sin duda, una de las principales actividades económicas de los mexicanos es el comercio, ya sea local o internacional; siendo conscientes de no ser autosuficientes e independientes comercialmente, es que se han generado mayor cantidad de vínculos con lo que otros producen y comercializan a través de importaciones y exportaciones. Debido a que las aduanas son las encargadas de controlar la entrada y salida de mercancías del país, es que en este artículo se hace un análisis descriptivo presentando los datos obtenidos, con un enfoque mixto, y con el propósito de analizar cómo han operado las aduanas mexicanas frente al COVID-19, con el objeto de identificar y mostrar, en caso de existir, las afectaciones en cuanto a las relaciones comerciales internacionales que tenemos con otras naciones; primero, en relación a la variabilidad que ha surgido en la entrada y salida de mercancías, después, señalando cuáles son las aduanas que disminuyeron o potencializaron el flujo de mercancías, ya que para sorpresa de muchos, no hay una cambio sustancial respecto al número de operaciones aduaneras que desde las aduanas mexicanas se ha realizado, durante lo que va de la citada contingencia sanitaria mundial.

Economic activity constitutes the fundamental axis of social life. Currently, some trends are manifested through negotiations, making it seem that everything revolves around trade, initially, from its most domestic form, to tie with global trends, where we can identify the access we have to other forms of exchange. goods, products and services, through an economic consideration. This process is established as an integral system, in which it is necessary as an object of study, to make a description of the main activities that relate to international trade, with the commercial dynamism that is produced from this area of Mexico, having to identify one of its commercial organizations, which we also call marketers, duly constituted as mercantile companies, through a sample of the last eight years, counted from June 2014, and up to June two thousand and twenty-two. Giving an account of the international marketing of one of the regions of Mexico, considered one of the most productive, that of the Altos Sur, in the state of Jalisco, making it clear through a descriptive analysis, with a mixed approach, both qualitative and quantitative. , the degree of importance that imports and exports of merchandise have reached from the impact zone, being able to identify that there is a commercial link of the merchandise with other nations, and that there is increasing strengthening due to its impact with the market between countries , indicating how the Region of study contributes to international trade., A atividade econômica constitui o eixo fundamental da vida social. Atualmente, algumas tendências se manifestam por meio de negociações, fazendo parecer que tudo gira em torno do comércio, inicialmente, desde a sua forma mais doméstica, até a vinculação com as tendências globais, onde podemos identificar o acesso que temos a outras formas de troca de bens, produtos e serviços, mediante uma contrapartida econômica. Este processo é estabelecido como um sistema integral, no qual é necessário como objeto de estudo, fazer uma descrição das principais atividades que se relacionam com o comércio internacional, com o dinamismo comercial que se produz a partir desta área do México, tendo identificar uma de suas organizações comerciais, que também denominamos feirantes, devidamente constituídas como empresas mercantis, através de uma amostra dos últimos oito anos, contados de junho de 2014, até junho de dois mil e vinte e dois. Dar conta do marketing internacional de uma das regiões do México, considerada uma das mais produtivas, a do Altos Sur, no estado de Jalisco, deixando claro através de uma análise descritiva, com abordagem mista, tanto qualitativa quanto quantitativo. , o grau de importância que as importações e exportações de mercadorias atingiram da zona de impacto, podendo identificar que existe um vínculo comercial da mercadoria com outras nações, e que está se fortalecendo cada vez mais devido ao seu impacto com o mercado entre países, indicando como a Região de estudo contribui para o comércio internacional., La actividad económica constituye el eje fundamental de la vida social. Actualmente, algunas tendencias se manifiestan a través de las negociaciones, haciendo parecer que todo gira en torno al comercio, inicialmente, desde su forma más doméstica, hasta empatar con las tendencias globales, donde se puede identificar el acceso que tenemos a otras formas de intercambiar bienes, productos y servicios, a través de una contraprestación económica. Este proceso, se establece como un sistema integral, en el que se precisa como objeto de estudio, hacer una descripción de las principales actividades que relacionan al comercio internacional, con el dinamismo comercial que desde esta zona de México se produce, debiendo identificar una de sus organizaciones comerciales a las que llamamos también comercializadoras, debidamente constituidas como sociedades mercantiles, a través de un muestreo de los últimos ocho años, contados desde junio de 2014, y hasta de junio de dos mil veintidós. Dando cuenta del marketing internacional de una de las regiones de México, consideradas como de las más productivas, la de los Altos Sur, del estado de Jalisco, dejando de manifiesto a través de un análisis descriptivo, con un enfoque mixto, tanto cualitativo como cuantitativo, el grado de importancia que han alcanzado las importaciones y exportaciones de mercancías desde la zona de impacto, pudiendo identificar que sí hay vinculación comercial de la mercadería con otras naciones, y que cada vez hay mayor fortalecimiento debido a su impacto con el mercado entre países, señalando cómo es que contribuye al comercio internacional la Región de estudio.

This research was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 [grant number PID2020-113018RB-I00], and MCIN/AEI/10. 13039/501100011033 and NextGenerationEU/PRTR [grant numbers TED2021-129633B-I00 and CPP2021-008750], Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a crucial biotechnological tool for large-scale mass propagation of selected material, genetic transformation and breeding, with many advantages for forest tree improvement. However, the application of SE in forest species is limited because of their recalcitrance. SE is also a valuable system for studying cell reprogramming, acquisition of totipotency and embryo development. Increasing evidence reveals that epigenetic reprogramming takes place during SE through DNA methylation, although there is scarce information on forest species. In this work, we have evaluated DNA methylation dynamics during SE and the effects of the DNA demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (AzaC) in cork oak. After induction and early stages of SE, a reduced DNA methylation level is observed, followed by an increase of methylation during embryo differentiation. These changes in DNA methylation during SE progression were associated with expression profiles of DNA methyltransferase genes QsMET1, QsDRM2 and QsCMT3, and DNA demethylase QsDME-like. Treatment with AzaC reduced DNA methylation, promoted SE induction rate and proembryogenic masses proliferation, and induced the expression of the SE marker gene QsSERK1-like. However, continuous AzaC treatment hindered embryo differentiation, suggesting that DNA methylation is needed for further embryo development. Interestingly, AzaC removal from the culture medium of embryogenic masses restored embryo development and led to a significant increase in somatic embryo production compared with untreated cultures. These findings open new possibilities using transitory treatments with small molecule epigenetic modulators, as AzaC, to enhance SE yields for forestry breeding programs., Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

El presente artículo es producto de las reflexiones suscitadas en el marco de la investigación doctoral Representaciones de Justicia y Paz en la Ley 975 de 2005; ley que dio inicio a lo que en Colombia se conoce como el Proceso de Justicia y Paz, con grupos paramilitares. Se plantea el abordaje de la construcción de la representación de las víctimas en el corpus abordado desde dos ideas. La primera, planteada por Arendt (2011), acerca de la acción y la construcción de lo político y, la segunda, en relación con lo que Fraser (2008), denomina paridad de participación como componente fundamental de la justicia, para así ampliar la comprensión de las representaciones sociales que de las víctimas se hace en este discurso que marcó un proceso de aplicación de la justicia transicional en el siglo XXI en el país., This article is the result of some considerations caused by the framework of the doctoral research Project on "Representations of Justice and Peace in Law 975 of 2005" (Representaciones de Justicia y Paz en la Ley 975 de 2005). This law initiated what is known in Colombia as the Justice and Peace Process with paramilitary groups. The approach to the construction of the representation of the victims in the corpus relies on two ideas. The first was raised by Arendt (2011), about the action and the construction of the political, and, the second, concerning what Fraser (2008) calls parity of participation, as a fundamental component of justice to broaden the understanding of the social representations of the victims in this discourse that marked a process of application of transitional justice in the 21st century in the country.

The coexistence of shortening and extensional tectonic regimes is a common feature in orogenic belts. The westernmost end of the Western Mediterranean is an area undergoing shortening related to the 5 mm/yr NNW‒SSE convergence of the Nubia and Eurasia Plates. In this region, the Central Betic Cordillera shows a regional ENE‒WSW extension. Here, we present GNSS-derived geodetic data along a 170 km-long transect orthogonal to the main active normal faults of the Central Betic Cordillera. Our data indicate that the total extension rate along the Central Betic Cordillera is 2.0 ± 0.3 mm/yr. Extension is accommodated in the eastern (0.8 ± 0.3 mm/yr in the Guadix-Baza Basin) and western (1.3 ± 0.3 mm/yr in the Granada Basin) parts of the Central Betic Cordillera, while no extension is recorded in the central part of the study area. Moreover, our data permit us to quantify, for the first time, short-term fault slip rates of the Granada Fault System, which is one of the main seismogenic sources of the Iberian Peninsula. We deduce a fault slip rate of ∼1.3 ± 0.3 mm/yr for the whole Granada Basin, with 0.9 ± 0.3 mm/yr being accommodated in the Granada Fault System and 0.4 ± 0.3 mm/yr being accommodated in the southwestern sector of the Granada Basin, where no active faults have been previously described at the surface. The heterogeneous extension in the Central Betic Cordillera could be accommodated by shallow high-angle normal faults that merge with a detachment at depth. Part of the active extension could be derived from gravitational instability because of underlying over-thickened crust.

The purpose of this article is to present and analyze students’ positive experiences in learner engagement programs. The study is based on theoretical positions that emphasize the school’s importance in the curricular and organizational dynamics of learner engagement programs in attaining positive results and experiences. The method used was a case study of multiple units; information was collected through questionnaires and discussion groups that were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, respectively. T he results include the positive evaluation of relationship components (fundamental weight) and pedagogical components (with greater emphasis on practical/professional aspects than on academic aspects). The conclusions indicate that students who participate in programs aimed at reducing dropout risks and increasing student interest in continuing their education, perceive two dimensions as basic aspects: a) attention to relationships/emotions, and b) content with useful, relevant, information, El propósito de este artículo es presentar y analizar experiencias positivas del alumnado en programas de reenganche escolar. Se parte de posicionamientos teóricos que subrayan la importancia del centro escolar en dinámicas curriculares y organizativas de tales programas para lograr resultados y experiencias positivas. Sobre el método, se trata de un estudio de caso múltiple de múltiples unidades; la información se recabó mediante cuestionarios/grupos de discusión y se analizó, respectivamente, cuantitativa y cualitativamente. Entre los resultados destaca la valoración positiva de componentes relacionales (peso fundamental) y pedagógicos (mayor importancia de lo práctico/profesional sobre lo académico). Las conclusiones indican que el estudiantado que cursa y supera programas destinados a reducir riegos de abandono escolar y acrecentar su motivación e interés por continuar su formación y educación percibe como aspectos básicos dos dimensiones: a) el cuidado y atención a lo relacional/emocional y b) proporcionar una información útil, relevante y próxima.