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Goldschmidt 2019, Barcelona (Spain), 18th-23th august, 2019, The Serranía de Ronda ultramafic massifs correspond to portions ofSCLM affected by infiltration of astenosphere-derived melts coeval with exhumation. This resulted in the formation of three petrostructural zones named as the spinel tectonite domain(STD), a granular peridotite domain (GPD) and a plagioclase tectonite domain(PTD). The STDrepresents the SCLMprotolith, the GPDdevelopedat expenses of the former by partial melting and melt accumulation at the boundary between both domains (namelythe recrystallization front) andthe PTD resulted from the ductile deformationof the GPDduring the crustal emplacement of the peridotites.These massifs host a rather unique set of magmatic ores including chromite and Ni arsenides associated with orthopyroxene and/or cordierite (Cr-Ni ores), Fe-Ni-Cu sulfides with graphite (S-G ores), and chromitities (Cr ores). These ores distribute spatially according to the petrological zoning of the massifs: the Ni arsenide-and cordierite-rich Cr-Ni ores, as well as most S-G ores, normally locate within the peripheral STD and the Cr ores occur in the PTD.Thesedifferent types of ores formed by variable degrees of mixing between mantle derived, small-volume melts and silica-rich fluids derived from dehydration of crustal metasediments. The former migrated and fractionated upward from the recrystallization front and mixed occasionally with the infiltrating fluids during the crustal emplacement of peridotites, forming the Ni arsenides-and cordierite-rich Cr-Ni ores. As the peridotite body cooled from the periphery inwards, progressively smaller volumes of crustal-derived fluids reached its interior and mixedwith less fractionated, mantle-derived melts forming Ni arsenide-poor Cr-Ni ores and subsequently the Cr ores. The genesis of S-G ores linked with that of Cr-Ni ores as attested bytheir frequent close spatial connection, the existence of mineralizations sharing characteristics of both ore types and the strong partitioning of platinum-group elements in Ni arsenides instead of sulfides.

Poster, The long-term monitoring of small-scale fisheries (SSFs) is essential for the assessment and sustainable management of marine resources in the Canary Islands, where fisheries are mostly artisanal. Here, marine ecosystems are very sensitive to imbalances, with oligotrophic waters and a mixing of temperate, tropical and subtropical species. The SSF targeting demersal species is one of the most important fisheries in the Canary Islands, with mean annual values (period 2013-2014) of 1043 tons of landings, 28623 days of fishing effort and 343 boats. This fishing activity is carried out by a polyvalent and multi-species fleet using small fishing gears (traps, hooks, nets) and performing diurnal fishing trips of less than one day targeting demersal species (parrotfishes, sea breams, morays, amberjacks, alfonsinos, shrimps, etc.). In 2014, the Canary Oceanographic Center of the Instituto Español de Oceanografía proposed the inclusion of this métier in the Spanish National Programme, under the EU’s Data Collection Framework (DCF*) for the collection and management of fisheries data, in the context of the Common Fisheries Policy. Once approved by the Commission, and thanks to the extensive cooperation and support of the local fishermen’s associations, a monthly sampling at sea by scientific observers started in 2015, in Tenerife Island., This project has been funded by the EU through the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) within the National Program of collection, management and use of data in the fisheries sector and support for scientific advice regarding the Common Fisheries Policy

Se integra información hidrográfica, geomorfológica, sedimentológica, biológica, sobre hábitats marinos y pesquera, para establecer las bases ecológicas necesarias para la protección y conservación del Sur de Fuerteventura (Montes de Amanay y El Banquete), El proyecto INDEMARES ha permitido utilizar amplios medios económicos y personales para estudiar en detalle y desde múltiples perspectivas la zona del Sur de Fuerteventura (montes de Amanay y El Banquete). Se han aplicado metodologías para el estudio de la hidrografía, caracterizando la región, describiendo sus principales masas de agua y la hidrodinámica de las corrientes. También se ha abordado la geología de la zona, incluyendo levantamientos batimétricos, perfiles sísmicos, muestreos de sedimento y petrológicos, obteniendo modelos digitales del terreno, mapas de tipos de fondo, geomorfológicos. Se han caracterizado las comunidades bentopelágicas, demersales, epibentónicas y endobentónicas, prestando especial atención a aquellas que conforman o estructuran los hábitats sensibles cuyo inventariado y cartografía era objeto principal del proyecto. Los trabajos de identificación de hábitats se han realizado con muestreadores directos, pero también con muestreadores visuales, que han permitido hacer un mayor esfuerzo de muestreo sin aumentar el impacto sobre los fondos de la zona. Por otro lado se ha estudiado la huella pesquera de la zona por medio del análisis de los datos VMS y los cuadernos de pesca proporcionados por la SGP, además de una ardua labor a pie de puerto de entrevistas y encuestas. Toda la información ha sido gestionada y analizada por diferentes grupos de investigación de diferentes centros (Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar de Barcelona, Universidad de Barcelona, Centro de Investigaciones Medioambientales del Atlántico, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander y Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga del Instituto Español de Oceanografía, …), aunque el grueso de esta labor, además de la coordinación, se ha llevado a cabo en el Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias del Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Los resultados permiten tener un conocimiento profundo y multidisciplinar de la zona de estudio comparable a pocos proyectos de investigación marina en la Macaronesia. El estudio oceanográfico, el geológico, y el de las comunidades biológicas, ha permitido la caracterización de los hábitats de la zona, y su cartografiado mediante el intenso muestreo y la aplicación de análisis de idoneidad de hábitats., INDEMARES Project made possible to bring together economic and staff resources to study in detail, and from multiple perspectives, the area of South of Fuerteventura (Amanay and El Banquete Semounts). Methodologies have been applied to study hydrography, making a regional characterization, depicting main water masses, and current hydrodynamics. Geology has been tackled including bathymetric uplifting, seismic profiles, sediment and petrological sampling, obtaining digital terrain models, type of bottom maps, geomorphological maps, as an output. Benthopelagic, demersal, epibenthic and endobenthic communities have been characterized, paying special attention to sensitive habitats which inventory and mapping was the project’s main aim. Habitat identification has been made with direct and visual samplers, the latter making a major sampling effort possible without an increase of bottom impact. Moreover, fisheries footprint has been identified by Vessel Monitoring System data, together with logbooks from Secretaría General de Pesca (Fisheries Ministry), as well as a hard interviewing and surveying task at landing points. Information has been managed and analysed by different research groups from different Centres (Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar de Barcelona, Universidad de Barcelona, Centro de Investigaciones Medioambientales del Atlántico, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander y Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga del Instituto Español de Oceanografía), although the main body of the work, plus coordination, has been made by the Canary Islands Oceanographic Centre, from the Spanish Institute of Oceanography. Results let us have a multidisciplinary profound knowledge of the study zone, comparable to few other marine research projects off Macaronesia. The study about oceanography, geology and biologic communities has allowed the habitats characterization and mapping by means of intensive sampling and habitat suitability analysis., Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Comisión Europea Programa LIFE+, Fundación Biodiversidad

Sur de Fuerteventura is one of the areas chosen to be depicted in the frame of INDEMARES project. The midpoint of the study area is located at 25 km from Fuerteventura and 65 km from Gran Canaria. The main aim of the project was to end up with an inventory and mapping of habitats and fisheries footprint off the study area, information which would let the administrations to establish a new Natura 2000 area, trying to reconcile protection of biodiversity with artisanal local economic activities. Methodology approach complies with a multidisciplinary perspective, having described the area from geological, oceanographic, biological and fisheries points of view. Several surveys have taken place since 2009 to 2013 at Amanay and El Banquete waters. Data from VMS (Vessel Monitoring System) were used, combined with interviews to users (fishers), sampling at landing points and onboard observation programs, to describe the fishery uses in the area. Thirteen different types of communities have been identified as “Habitat 1170, Reefs”, following Annex 1 from Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/CEE) from European Union. All of them have three dimensional structure and species with certain size turning these areas into important containers of biodiversity and hot spots for shelter. About protected species by Habitats Directive, Centrostephanus longispinus (Philippi, 1845) belongs to Annex IV. Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) is included in the Canary Islands Catalog of Protected Species as a vulnerable species. Within the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, we can find several fishes as endangered species, Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758) as critically endangered, while in the area can also be found several vulnerable species, special importance have several elasmobranchs species. Subsequent studies about deep water white corals Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758, present in the study area, could conclude with these species inclusion in the list. Fishery activities identified during this study don’t interact with the bottom (tuna fishing with pole lines and surface longlines for sworfish), or as the most frequent activity, artisanal hook and line local fisheries, has very little impact on the bottom (arose from anchoring). Ecological assessment results from values assigned to different community or species features or parameters, not always in a quantitative manner, depending on their diverse nature. To use a totally aseptic quantitative index is impossible; therefore, an often used tool is to resort to an expert panel (group of experts) which members individually assign a value to each of the assessed parameters. This solution absorbs bias produced by individual criteria. We established three value levels (low, medium and high) for each of the twelve parameters used. After all we end up with a map of an ecological assessment index (EAI) which is simple and weighs every parameter equally. Higher EAI is assigned to bathial rocky bottoms with anthipatarians, closely followed by Corallium spp deep water coral reefs and circalittoral rocky bottoms with Antipathella wollastoni (Gray, 1857). Bathial rocky bottoms with Callogorgia verticillata (Pallas, 1766) and circalittoral rocky bottoms with calcareous algae concretions and leafy algae have a mid-high EAI. We find good collective action preconditions, which explain the capacity of human communities to design, implement and enforce designed institutions to resources management and protection. Strong ishermen organizations, leadership among effective users and experience in conservation initiatives and an a priori willing attitude are present. A proper step-zero at Sur de Fuerteventura marine protected area will be provided by sharing available scientific information with users, public report and open and full consultation about the protection possibilities, giving time to assimilation, involving local stakeholders, and finding coordination among institutions and security bodies to ensure protection measures enforcement.

Banco de La Concepción is one of the areas chosen to be depicted in the frame of INDEMARES project. It is located at 71 km to the NE of Lanzarote. Methodology approach complies with a multidisciplinary perspective, having described the area from geological, oceanographic, biological and fisheries points of view. Habitat identification and mapping has been possible through intense sampling and the use of habitat suitability modeling. Species structuring sensitive habitats have played a leading role, since those habitats inventory and mapping were the project’s main aim. Direct samplers have been complemented with visual samplers, the latter permitting a higher sampling effort without increasing benthic habitat impact. Several types of communities have been identified as “Habitat 1170, Reefs”, following Annex 1 from Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/CEE) from European Union, representing VMEs. We have combined various types of multivariate analyses to describe the structure and spatial distribution of benthic communities, to analyze the relationship between these communities and environmental parameters, and subsequently, to build a community distribution model to predict the spatial distribution of the communities, creating community distribution maps covering the entire area. As a result of the analysis, we have identified, at bathyal zone, rocky bottoms with anthipatarians, other with big size hexactinellid sponges (Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870), frequently seen at rocky escarpments and outcrops. We also find at this depth Callogorgia verticillata (Pallas, 1766) and Narella bellissima (Kükenthal, 1915) erect sea fans real forests, accompanied by Bebryce mollis Philippi, 1842 and Eunicella verrucosa (Pallas, 1766) high densities. Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869) and Paramuricea biscaya Grasshoff, 1977 appear on rocky outcrops from 500 m down to 1500 m. Two kinds of VMEs are found from 500 m to 1000 m, isidid corals and lithistid sponges (Leiodermatium- Neophryssospongia), siliceous sponges mixed on rocky bottom silted up with sediments at upper bathyal zone. This community mixes with anthozoan Viminella flagellum (Johnson, 1863) from 500 m down to 1600 m, where we can also find Corallium niobe Bayer, 1964 and Corallium tricolor (Johnson, 1899) deep water coral reefs. Dendrophyllia cornigera (Lamarck, 1816) and Phakellia ventilabrum (Linnaeus, 1767) are remarkable 1170 habitat communities cohabiting with deep water white corals Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758 at lower continental shelf and upper slope rocky bottoms. Here we can also find dead coral framework.

Cymodosea nodosa meadows, known as ‘sebadales’ or ‘manchones’ at Canary Islands, represent EUNIS habitat type code A5.5311, called Macaronesian Cymodocea beds. As it’s described at European Union Habitats Directive (92/43/CEE) Annex 1, sea grass meadows belong to 1110 Sandbanks which are slightly covered by seawater all the time, within Natura 2000 Network. Several ‘sebadales’ throughout the archipelago are included in this Network as Special Areas of Conservation. Cymodosea nodosa is regionally included within the Canary Islands Protected Species List (Ley 4/2010), as a species ‘of interest to ecosystems of Canary Islands”, is usually found at a narrow depth range (10 to 20 m of depth) and, on the whole, best structured meadows are settled at sheltered bays, away from wave and current beating, flimsier at exposed areas. Deeper meadows are also sparser, being C. nodosa replaced by green algae Caulerpa prolifera and Caulerpa racemosa, although mixed algae-sea grass meadows are often found at different depths. The project Assessment of marine flora (‘sebadal’, ma¨erl, ‘mujo’) of ‘La Graciosa e Islotes del Norte de Lanzarote’ Marine Reserve, funded by ‘Viceconsejer´ıa de Pesca y Aguas de la Consejer´ıa de Agricultura, Ganader´ıa, Pesca y Aguas’, Canary Islands Government, has had the aim of assessing sea grass meadows condition and distribution at ‘El R´ıo’ Natura 2000 Network Special Area of Conservation, the channel between La Graciosa and Lanzarote. ‘LA GRACIOSA 1311’ cruise was performed within the framework of the project. First of all previous information on sea grass shallow distribution (up to a depth of 20 m) in the study area was reviewed. Afterwards, a tugged underwater video camera was used onboard of the Marine Reserve Surveillance Vessel to update cartographic info performing a grid of sampling stations, covering previously known distribution limits and verifying current presence/absence data and density. Furthermore, population parameters were obtained in order to assess ‘sebadal’ condition. Fixed stations were selected in regards to this process, and methodology applied on them was as follows: five radial arranged transects were performed, identifying fragmentation (it estimates meadow continuity regarding observed cover), density (mean value of several shoots number counts with 20 x 20 cm grids placed every 2 m), height (mean value in cm of 10 independent samples by transect) and fish and macroinvertebrate species richness for each transect. Graphic picture of sea grass density was made depending on two levels: low density level transects ( 10 shoots/grid ( 50 shoots/m2) and medium density level transects ( 10 shoots/grid ( 50 shoots/m2). Main study result is an estimate for the study region (‘El R´ıo’) and time of year of Cymodocea nodosa population total distribution cover which comes to 1.640.076 m2, including a higher density ‘sebadal’ of 178.256 m2.

Banco de La Concepción is one of the areas chosen to be depicted in the frame of INDEMARES project. It is located at 71 km to the NE of Lanzarote. The main aim of the project was to end up with an inventory and mapping of habitats and fisheries footprint off the study area, information which would let the administrations to establish a new Natura 2000 area, trying to reconcile protection of biodiversity with artisanal local economic activities. Methodology approach complies with a multidisciplinary perspective, having described the area from geological, oceanographic, biological and fisheries points of view. Several surveys have taken place since 2009 to 2013 at Banco de La Concepción waters. Data from VMS (Vessel Monitoring System) were used, combined with interviews to users (fishers), to describe the fishery uses in the area. Ten different types of communities have been identified as “Habitat 1170, Reefs”, following Annex 1 from Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/CEE) from European Union. All of them have three dimensional structure and species with certain size turning these areas into important containers of biodiversity and hot spots for shelter. About protected species by Habitats Directive, Centrostephanus longispinus (Philippi, 1845) belongs to Annex IV. Neophryssospongia nolitangere (Schmidt, 1870) is included in the Canary Islands Catalog of Protected Species as a vulnerable species. Within the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, we can find several fishes as endangered species, while in the area can also be found several vulnerable species, special importance have several elasmobranchs species. Subsequent studies about deep water white corals Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758, present in the study area, could conclude with these species inclusion in the list. Fishery activities identified during this study with a higher degree of fishing intensity (tuna fishing with pole lines and surface longlines for sworfish) don’t interact with the bottom. Electric reel hook and line and bottom horizontal longline activities are not so frequent, but while the first one has very little impact on the bottom (arose from anchoring), the latter is performed by only two vessels but with a high degree of intensity and very spatially concentrated at rocky bottom areas, generating an important impact on the bottom during the raising maneuver by getting snagged with benthic epifauna. Ecological assessment results from values assigned to different community or species features or parameters, not always in a quantitative manner, depending on their diverse nature. To use a totally aseptic quantitative index is impossible; therefore, an often used tool is to resort to an expert panel (group of experts) which members individually assign a value to each of the assessed parameters. This solution absorbs bias produced by individual criteria. We established three value levels (low, medium and high) for each of the twelve parameters used. After all we end up with a map of an ecological assessment index (EAI) which is simple and weighs every parameter equally. Higher EAI is assigned to bathial rocky bottoms with anthipatarians, closely followed by Corallium spp deep water coral reefs. Bathial rocky bottoms with Callogorgia verticillata (Pallas, 1766) have a mid-high EAI. We are not very optimistic about collective action preconditions, which explain the capacity of human communities to design, implement and enforce designed institutions to resources management and protection. There is an absence of fishermen organizations closely linked to the area, of leadership among effective users, which have a very limited experience in conservation initiatives and an a priori reluctant attitude. A proper step-zero at Banco de La Concepción marine protected area will be provided by sharing available scientific information with users, public report and open and full consultation about the protection possibilities, giving time to assimilation, involving local stakeholders, and finding coordination among institutions and security bodies to ensure protection measures enforcement, EC Life+ Project INDEMARES (Code no. 110300900)

Desde mediados del año 2010 se realizaban reuniones respecto a la integración de un nuevo mercado que involucraba tres grandes economías de América Latina de tal modo que se facilitaran operaciones bursátiles entre estos tres países, que se generara la oportunidad de invertir en un mercado más amplio y que se incentivara la inversión en economías emergentes. Este desarrollo justifica proponer un índice que reflejará el comportamiento del precio de las acciones más representativas que hacen parte del nuevo mercado MILA (Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano). Motivado por lo anterior, este artículo es resultado de un trabajo de grado a nivel de pregrado que se desarrolló durante el segundo semestre de 2011, el cual propone el desarrollo de un índice bursátil denominado “MILCA P”. La propuesta se presenta en tres partes. En la primera se analizan los mercados de los tres países que conforman el MILA , se revisan las formas cómo construir un índice y se describen algunos índices ya existentes y de referencia. Se exponen metodologías utilizadas para la construcción del índice propuesto y se definen los parámetros y variables que se van a utilizar en su construcción. El índice se construye basado en datos históricos desde el primero de Junio de 2006, partiendo de una base de 1000 puntos, y se construye a lo largo de 5 años teniendo en cuenta cada fecha clave de rebalanceo y selección de canasta, para finalmente presentar la validación y, al respecto, los resultados obtenidos del índice propuesto. Since the middle of 2010 meetings were held regarding the creation of a new market that involved and integrates three major Latin American economies with the objective to facilitate trading between these three countries and in order to generate opportunities to invest in a wider market and to stimulate investment in emerging economies. This development justifies the proposal of an index which reflects the movement of price of the most representative stocks that are traded in the new MILA (Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano) market. This article is a result of thesis which was developed during the second half of 2011 at the undergraduate level and that proposes the development of a stock market index called "MILCA P". The proposal is presented in three parts. The markets of the three countries that participate in MILA are analized, the concepts to build an undex are analized and some of the existing indexes, that serve as a reference described. The methodologies for the construction of the porposed index are outlined, as well as the parameters and variables that are used in its construction. the index is constructed by using historical data that start from the first of June 2006, from a baseline of a 1000 points, and that comprise a period of five years, taking into account each date for rebalancing and for the selection of the stock basket. Finally, the validation and the obtained results for the proposed index are presented.

10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table., Godlevskite Ni9S8 is recorded for the first time in Bulgaria. The find comes from chromitites in serpentinized ultramafics (dunites, peridotites), near the village of Dobromirtsi, Central Rhodopes. The postmagmatic assemblage of the chromitites comprises pentlandite, godlevskite, heazlewoodite, maucherite, orcelite, chalcopyrite and gersdorffite (in the order of decreasing abundance). The magmatic assemblage (in unaltered chromites) also includes pentlandite and less heazlewoodite and millerite as well as PGM – laurite, scarce OsIr alloys and Ir-sulpharsenides. The generalized formula of the recorded mineral, derived from microprobe analyses is: Ni8.82 Fe0.14 S8.04. Observed textural and structural specifics of the mineral are interpreted as evidences for a solid state re-equilibration from high-temperature MSS (Monosulfide Solid Solution), stable in the 577 – 436ºC temperature range, followed by slow annealing below 379ºC, well corresponding to the temperature conditions of the regional metamorphic events in the area., We gratefully acknowledge the support, provided by the local chief geologist K. Peryov. Without his kind attention field works in the area wouldn’t be possible, or at least not so successful and pleasant.