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5. The influence of tides on the marine carbonate chemistry of a coastal polynya in the south-eastern Weddell Sea

Author

Droste, E.S., Hoppema, M., González-Dávila, M., Santana-Casiano, J.M., Queste, B.Y., Dall’Olmo, G., Venables, H.J., Rohardt, G., Ossebaar, S., Schuller, D., Trace-Kleeberg, S., Bakker, D.C.E., Droste, E.S., Hoppema, M., González-Dávila, M., Santana-Casiano, J.M., Queste, B.Y., Dall’Olmo, G., Venables, H.J., Rohardt, G., Ossebaar, S., Schuller, D., Trace-Kleeberg, S., and Bakker, D.C.E.

Abstract

Tides significantly affect polar coastlines by modulating ice shelf melt and modifying shelf water properties through transport and mixing. However, the effect of tides on the marine carbonate chemistry in such regions, especially around Antarctica, remains largely unexplored. We address this topic with two case studies in a coastal polynya in the south-eastern Weddell Sea, neighbouring the Ekström Ice Shelf. The case studies were conducted in January 2015 (PS89) and January 2019 (PS117), capturing semi-diurnal oscillations in the water column. These are pronounced in both physical and biogeochemical variables for PS89. During rising tide, advection of sea ice meltwater from the north-east created a fresher, warmer, and more deeply mixed water column with lower dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) content. During ebbing tide, water from underneath the ice shelf decreased the polynya's temperature, increased the DIC and TA content, and created a more stratified water column. The variability during the PS117 case study was much smaller, as it had less sea ice meltwater input during rising tide and was better mixed with sub-ice shelf water. The contrasts in the variability between the two case studies could be wind and sea ice driven, and they underline the complexity and highly dynamic nature of the system. The variability in the polynya induced by the tides results in an air–seaCO2 flux that can range between a strong sink (−24 mmol m−2 d−1) and a small source (3 mmol m−2 d −1) on a semi-diurnal timescale. If the variability induced by tides is not taken into account, there is a potential risk of overestimating the polynya's CO2 uptake by 67 % or underestimating it by 73 %, compared to the average flux determined over several days. Depending on the timing of limited sampling, the polynya may appear to be a source or a sink of CO2. Given the disproportionate i

Published
2022

7. Comment on “Evidence from acoustic imaging for submarine volcanic activity in 2012 off the west coast of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain)” by Pérez NM, Somoza L, Hernández PA, González de Vallejo L, León R, Sagiya T, Biain A, González FJ, Medialdea T, Barrancos J, Ibáñez J, Sumino H, Nogami K and Romero C [Bull Volcanol (2014) 76:882-896]

Author

Blanco, M. J., Fraile-Nuez, E., Felpeto, A., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Abella, R., Fernández-Salas, L. M., Almendros, J., Díaz-del-Río, V., Domínguez Cerdeña, I., García-Cañada, L., González-Dávila, M., López, C., López-González, N., Meletlidis, S., and Vázquez, J. T.

Published
2015
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16. Geomorphic features, main habitats and associated biota in a newly formed submarine volcano in the Canary Islands

Author

Sotomayor-García, A. (Ana), Rueda, José L., Sánchez-Guillamón, O. (Olga), Vázquez, J.T. (Juan Tomás), Palomino, D. (Desirée), Fernández-Salas, Luis M., López-González, N. (Nieves), González-Porto, M. (Marcos), Urra, J. (Javier), Santana-Casiano, J.M (Juana Magdalena), González-Dávila, M. (Melchor), Fraile-Nuez, E. (Eugenio), Harris, P.T. (Peter T.), and Baker, E.K. (Elaine K.)

Subjects
Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Medio Marino y Protección Ambiental
Published
2020

17. Products from a surface ocean CO2 reference network, SOCONET

Author

Wanninkhof, R., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W. J., Castle, R. D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., De Baar, H. J. W., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Hoppema, Mario, Huang, W.J., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E. M., Jones, S. D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N., Manke, A., Mathis, J. T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Monteiro, P., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Park, G. H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Rios, A. F., Sabine, C. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, Reiner, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K. F., Sun, H., Sutton, A.J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Watson, A., Pickers, P. A., Olsen, A., Stephens, B.B., Munro, D., Rehder, G., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Müller, J. D., Trianes, J., Tedesco, K., Ishii, M., González-Dávila, M., Suntharalingam, P., Nakaoka, S.-i., Schuster, U., Wanninkhof, R., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W. J., Castle, R. D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., De Baar, H. J. W., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Hoppema, Mario, Huang, W.J., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E. M., Jones, S. D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N., Manke, A., Mathis, J. T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Monteiro, P., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Park, G. H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Rios, A. F., Sabine, C. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, Reiner, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K. F., Sun, H., Sutton, A.J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Watson, A., Pickers, P. A., Olsen, A., Stephens, B.B., Munro, D., Rehder, G., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Müller, J. D., Trianes, J., Tedesco, K., Ishii, M., González-Dávila, M., Suntharalingam, P., Nakaoka, S.-i., and Schuster, U.

Published
2020

22. First Colonizers and Survivors in and Around Tagoro Submarine Volcano, Canary Islands, Spain

Author

Sotomayor-García, A. (Ana), Rueda, J.L. (José Luis), Sánchez-Guillamón, O. (Olga), Urra, J. (Javier), Vázquez, J.T. (Juan Tomás), Palomino, D. (Desirée), López-González, N. (Nieves), González-Porto, M. (Marcos), González-Dávila, M. (Melchor), Presas-Navarro, C. (Carmen), and Fraile-Nuez, E. (Eugenio)

Subjects
El Hierro, hydrothermal vents, benthos, submarine volcano, Canary Islands, first colonizers, Tagoro
Abstract

Tagoro, the youngest submarine volcano of the Canary Islands, erupted in 2011 South of El Hierro Island. Pre-existing sea floor and inhabiting biological communities were buried by the newly erupted material, promoting the appearance of new habitats. The present study pursues to describe the first metazoans colonizing different new habitats formed during the eruption and to create precedent on this field. Through dredge and remote operated vehicle samplings, five main habitat types have been detected based on the substrate type and burial status after the eruption. Inside the Tagoro volcanic complex (TVC), two new habitats are located in and around the summit and main craters—hydrothermal vents with bacterial mats and sulfurous-like fields mainly colonized by small hydrozoan colonies. Two other habitats are located downslope the TVC; new hard substrate and new mixed substrate, holding the highest biodiversity of the TVC, especially at the mixed bottoms with annelids (Chloeia cf. venusta), arthropods (Monodaeus couchii and Alpheus sp.), cnidarians (Sertularella cf. tenella), and molluscs (Neopycnodonte cochlear) as the first colonizers. An impact evaluation was done comparing the communities of those habitats with the complex and well-established community described at the stable hard substrate outside the TVC, which is constituted of highly abundant hydrozoans (Aglaophenia sp.), antipatharians (Stichopates setacea and Antipathes furcata), and colonizing epibionts (e.g., Neopycnodonte cochlear). Three years after the eruption, species numbers at Tagoro were still low compared to those occurring at similar depths outside the TVC. The first dominant species at the TVC included a large proportion of common suspension feeders of the circalittoral and bathyal hard bottoms of the area, which could have exploited the uncolonized hard bottoms and the post eruptive fertilization of water masses.

Published
2019

23. A surface ocean CO2 reference network, SOCONET and associated marine boundary layer CO2 measurements

Author

Wanninkhof, R., Pickers, P.A., Omar, A. M., Sutton, A., Murata, A., Olsen, A., Stephens, B.B., Tilbrook, B., Munro, D., Pierrot, D., Rehder, G., Santana-Casiano, J.M., Müller, J.D., Trianes, J., Tedesco, K., O'Brien, K., Currie, K., Barbero, L., Telszewski, M., Hoppema, Mario, Ishii, M., González-Dávila, M., Bates, N. R., Metzl, N., Suntharalingam, P., Feely, R. A., Nakaoka, S.-i., Lauvset, S. K., Takahashi, T., Steinhoff, T., Schuster, U., Wanninkhof, R., Pickers, P.A., Omar, A. M., Sutton, A., Murata, A., Olsen, A., Stephens, B.B., Tilbrook, B., Munro, D., Pierrot, D., Rehder, G., Santana-Casiano, J.M., Müller, J.D., Trianes, J., Tedesco, K., O'Brien, K., Currie, K., Barbero, L., Telszewski, M., Hoppema, Mario, Ishii, M., González-Dávila, M., Bates, N. R., Metzl, N., Suntharalingam, P., Feely, R. A., Nakaoka, S.-i., Lauvset, S. K., Takahashi, T., Steinhoff, T., and Schuster, U.

Abstract

The Surface Ocean CO2 NETwork (SOCONET) and atmospheric Marine Boundary Layer (MBL) CO2 measurements from ships and buoys focus on the operational aspects of measurements of CO2 in both the ocean surface and atmospheric MBLs. The goal is to provide accurate pCO2 data to within 2 micro atmosphere (uatm) for surface ocean and 0.2 parts per million (ppm) for MBL measurements following rigorous best practices, calibration and intercomparison procedures. Platforms and data will be tracked in near real-time and final quality-controlled data will be provided to the community within a year. The network, involving partners worldwide, will aid in production of important products such as maps of monthly resolved surface ocean CO2 and air-sea CO2 flux measurements. These products and other derivatives using surface ocean and MBL CO2 data, such as surface ocean pH maps and MBL CO2 maps, will be of high value for policy assessments and socio-economic decisions regarding the role of the ocean in sequestering anthropogenic CO2 and how this uptake is impacting ocean health by ocean acidification. SOCONET has an open ocean emphasis but will work with regional (coastal) networks. It will liaise with intergovernmental science organizations such as Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW), and the joint committee for and ocean and marine meteorology (JCOMM). Here we describe the details of this emerging network and its proposed operations and practices.

Published
2019

24. Geomorphological Analysis of the Underwater Tagoro Volcano (Submarine Slope of El Hierro Island)

Author

Vázquez, J.T. (Juan Tomás), Palomino, D. (Desirée), Sánchez-Guillamón, O. (Olga), Fernández-Salas, L.M. (Luis Miguel), Fraile-Nuez, E. (Eugenio), Gómez-Ballesteros, M. (María), López-González, N. (Nieves), Tello-Antón, M.O. (María Olvido), Santana-Casiano, J.M (Juana Magdalena), and González-Dávila, M. (Melchor)

Subjects
Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga
Published
2017

25. The eruption of the submarine volcano Tagoro at the island of El Hierro, Canary Islands, Spain: 5 years registering physical-chemical anomalies

Author

Fraile-Nuez, E. (Eugenio), Santa-Casiano, J.M., González-Dávila, M. (Melchor), Presas-Navarro, C. (Carmen), Vázquez, J.T. (Juan Tomás), Fernández-Salas, L.M. (Luis Miguel), López-González, N. (Nieves), Gómez-Ballesteros, M. (María), Sánchez-Guillamón, O. (Olga), Palomino, D. (Desirée), Tello-Antón, M.O. (María Olvido), and Vulcano Team

Subjects
physical-chemical anomalies, Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, EL HIERRO ISLAND, VOLCANO, CANARY ISLANDS
Abstract

AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION

Published
2017

27. Geomorphological Analysis of the Underwater Tagoro Volcano (Submarine Slope of El Hierro Island)

Author

Vázquez, Juan Tomás, Palomino, Desirée, Sánchez-Guillamón, Olga, Fernández-Salas, L.M., Fraile-Nuez, Eugenio, Gómez-Ballesteros, María, López-González, Nieves, Tello-Antón, María Olvido, Lozano-Ordóñez, Pablo, Santa-Casiano, J.M., González-Dávila, M., Vázquez, Juan Tomás, Palomino, Desirée, Sánchez-Guillamón, Olga, Fernández-Salas, L.M., Fraile-Nuez, Eugenio, Gómez-Ballesteros, María, López-González, Nieves, Tello-Antón, María Olvido, Lozano-Ordóñez, Pablo, Santa-Casiano, J.M., and González-Dávila, M.

Published
2017

29. Preliminary geomorphological analysis of the Tagoro Volcano underwater eruption (submarine slope of El Hierro Island)

Author

Vázquez, J.T. (Juan Tomás), Palomino, D. (Desirée), Sánchez-Guillamón, O. (Olga), Fernández-Salas, L.M. (Luis Miguel), Fraile-Nuez, E. (Eugenio), Gómez-Ballesteros, M. (María), López-González, N. (Nieves), Tello-Antón, M.O. (María Olvido), Lozano-Ordóñez, P. (Pablo), Santana-Casiano, J.M (Juana Magdalena), González-Dávila, M. (Melchor), Valle, C. (Carlos), Aguilar, J., Arechavala-López, P. (Pablo), Asensio, L., Blasco, J., Cabrera, R., Cobelo-García, A. (Antonio), Corbí, H., Cravo, Alexandra, De-La-Ossa, J.A., Del-Pilar, Y., Fernández, V., Fernández, Y., Ferrero, L.M., Forcada, A. (Aitor), Forja, J., Giménez, F., Gómez, A., González, J.M., Izquierdo, D., León, V.M. (Víctor Manuel), Marco, C., Martínez, E. (Elena), Ortega, T., Ramos, A. (Ana), Rubio, E., Sánchez, J.L., Sánchez, P., Santana, M., Sanz, C., Toledo, K., and Zubcoff, J.J.

Subjects
Geomorfología, Islas Canarias, Geological hazards, Vulcanismo, Marine geology, Erupción submarina, Isla de El Hierro
Abstract

Comunicación presentada al V Simposio Internacional de ciencias del Mar celebrado en alicante entre el 20 y el 22 de julio de 2016. Between October 2011 and March 2012 a submarine volcanic eruption took place at the offshore of El Hierro Island. The extensive study of the eruption and subsequent degassing process has allowed monitoring the newly generated volcanic edifice. Multibeam bathymetric has enabled building a digital high-resolution bathymetric model (grid 1x1 m). The preliminary analysis of the geomorphology of this volcanic eruption displays four main features: i) the edifice consists of a principal and a series of secondary cones distributed in NW-SE trend; ii) two escarpments NE-SW directed that partially match with inherited flanks of the previously existing valley; iii) three crests, one of them interpreted as the prolongation of a NE-SW scarp and the other as the head of gravitational instabilities of NE-SW and N-S direction at the main hill; and iv) mixed lava and dense pyroclastic flows extended from the volcanic edifice to the southwest and characterized by a high slope front, that probably represents the maximum distance reached by the main lava products. Versión del editor

Published
2016

30. Reconstruction of super-resolution ocean pCO 2 and air-sea fluxes of CO 2 from satellite imagery in the Southeastern Atlantic

Author

Hernández-Carrasco, Ismael, Sudre, Joël, Garçon, Véronique, Paulmier, A, Dewitte, B, Illig, S, Dadou, I, Yahia, Hussein, Garbe, Christoph, González-Dávila, M, Santana Casiano, J.M., Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DYNBIO LEGOS, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Geometry and Statistics in acquisition data (GeoStat), Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Université de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria [Espagne] (ULPGC), ESA Support To Science Element Grant N◦ 400014715/11/I-NB OceanFlux- Upwelling Theme, SOLAS, SOCAT, IOCCP, IMBER, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Green House Gases, Ocean/Atmosphere, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], [NLIN.NLIN-CD]Nonlinear Sciences [physics]/Chaotic Dynamics [nlin.CD], Multiscale Image Analysis, Wavelet Analysis, Climate change, Climate budget, Turbulence and coherent structures, Superresolution
Abstract

This work is a contribution to ESA Support To Science Element Grant N◦ 400014715/11/I-NB OceanFlux- Upwelling Theme. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is an international effort, supported by the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), the Surface Ocean Lower Atmo- sphere Study (SOLAS), and the Integrated Marine Biogeochem- istry and Ecosystem Research program (IMBER), to deliver a uni- formly quality-controlled surface ocean CO2 database. The many researchers and funding agencies responsible for the collection of data and quality control are thanked for their contributions to SO- CAT; International audience; An accurate quantification of the role of the ocean as source/sink of Green House Gases (GHGs) requires to access the high-resolution of the GHG air-sea flux at the interface. In this paper we present a novel method to reconstruct maps of surface ocean partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2) and 5 air-sea CO 2 fluxes at super resolution (4 km) using Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Ocean Colour (OC) data at this resolution, and CarbonTracker CO 2 fluxes data at low resolution (110 km). Inference of super-resolution of pCO 2 , and air-sea CO 2 fluxes is performed using novel nonlinear signal 10 processing methodologies that prove efficient in the context of oceanography. The theoretical background comes from the Microcanonical Multifractal Formalism which unlocks the geometrical determination of cascading properties of physical intensive variables. As a consequence, a multiresolution 15 analysis performed on the signal of the so-called singularity exponents allows the correct and near optimal cross-scale inference of GHGs fluxes, as the inference suits the geometric realization of the cascade. We apply such a methodology to the study offshore of the Benguela area. The inferred rep-20 resentation of oceanic partial pressure of CO 2 improves and enhances the description provided by CarbonTracker, capturing the small scale variability. We examine different combinations of Ocean Colour and Sea Surface Temperature products in order to increase the number of valid points and the 25 quality of the inferred pCO 2 field. The methodology is validated using in-situ measurements by means of statistical errors. We obtain that mean absolute and relative errors in the inferred values of pCO 2 with respect to in-situ measurements are smaller than for CarbonTracker.

Published
2015

31. Monitoring the Oceanic Waters of the Canary Islands: the deep hydrographic section of the Canaries

Author

Vélez-Belchí, P. (Pedro), Hernández-Guerra, A. (Alonso), Barrera, C., Fraile-Nuez, E. (Eugenio), Barrera, A., Llinás, O., Benítez-Barrios, V.M. (Verónica María), Domínguez, F., Alonso-González, I., González Dávila, M., Santana-Casiano, J.M (Juana Magdalena), Hernández-Brito, J.J., Presas-Navarro, C. (Carmen), Arístegui Ruiz, J., Comas-Rodriguez, I, Garijo López, J.C., Hernandez-León, S., Pérez-Hernández, M.D. (María Dolores), Rodríguez Santana, A., and Sosa-Trejo, D.

Subjects
Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Medio Marino
Abstract

Due to the high density and heat capacity of water, the ocean modulates climate in scales much larger than the atmosphere, both spatially and temporally. In order to understand the mechanisms governing this internal variability of the ocean, and therefore climate, it is necessary to have long systematic observations. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which is composed by the south- north circulation, transports 18Sv (1Sv=10E6m3/s) of water that carries more that 1.5PW (1PW=10E15W) of heat to the North Atlantic, and therefore plays a determining role in regulating the climate in Europe. An important component of the AMOC is the subtropical gyre, the largest oceanic structure of the North Atlantic. The Canary Islands are immersed in the eastern margin of the subtropical gyre, in the coastal transition zone of the Canary Current Upwelling System and therefore they are an ideal place for the study of the subtropical gyre variability. With this background, in 2006 the Spanish Institute of Oceanography began (IEO) the program deep hydrographic section around the Canary Islands (Raprocan), in order to establish the scales of variability in the range decadal/subdecadal in the subtropical gyre, specifically in its eastern margin. Based on previous results the observational strategy of Raprocan consists in hydrographic cruises in two seasons, with 50 hydrographic stations around the Canary archipelago. In each one of the stations velocity, temperature, salinity, pressure, oxygen, turbidity and fluorescence is continuously measured ( CTD ). In each station 24 samples are taken for calibration of the above variables as well as for determination of alkalinity, carbon content and chlorophyll. This program is carried out in collaboration with the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) and with the Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands (PLOCAN) that provides glider data since 2013. The warming of the upper 600 m continues at a rate of 0.14 ° C/ decade in the oceanic waters and 0.32 ° C / decade in the waters between Lanzarote and Africa under influence of upwelling off the African coast. At intermitted levels the warming continues at rate of 0.04 ° C/ decade in the oceanic waters and 0.08 ° C / in the waters between Lanzarote and Africa. At deeper levels, since 1997 there is not statistical significant trend. Regarding the oceanic circulation, the Canary Current presents a seasonal cycle, with the minimum transport occurring during fall, when only carries 3 Sv. During this season the transport is concentrated between the islands of Tenerife and Lanzarote and in the first 400 meters.

Published
2014

34. Comment on 'Evidence from acoustic imaging for submarine volcanic activity in 2012 off the west coast of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain)'

Author

Fraile-Nuez, E. (Eugenio), Felpeto, A., Santana-Casiano, J.M (Juana Magdalena), Fernández-Salas, L.M. (Luis Miguel), Almendros, J., Díaz-del-Río-Español, V. (Víctor), Domínguez-Cerdeña, I., García-Cañada, L., González-Dávila, M. (Melchor), López, C. (Carmen), López-González, N. (Nieves), Meletlidis, S. (Stavros), Vázquez, J.T. (Juan Tomás), Blanco, María José, Fraile-Nuez, E. (Eugenio), Felpeto, A., Santana-Casiano, J.M (Juana Magdalena), Fernández-Salas, L.M. (Luis Miguel), Almendros, J., Díaz-del-Río-Español, V. (Víctor), Domínguez-Cerdeña, I., García-Cañada, L., González-Dávila, M. (Melchor), López, C. (Carmen), López-González, N. (Nieves), Meletlidis, S. (Stavros), Vázquez, J.T. (Juan Tomás), and Blanco, María José

Published
2015

35. The submarine volcano eruption at the island of El Hierro: physical-chemical perturbation and biological response

Author

Fraile-Nuez, E. (Eugenio), González-Dávila, M. (Melchor), Santana-Casiano, J.M (Juana Magdalena), Arístegui, J., Alonso-González, I.J., Hernández-León, S. (Santiago), Blanco, M.J., Rodríguez-Santana, Á. (Ángel), Hernández-Guerra, A. (Alonso), Gelado-Caballero, M.D. (María Dolores), Eugenio, F., Marcello, J., Armas, D. (Demetrio) de, Domínguez-Yanes, J.F. (José Francisco), Montero, M.F., Laetsch, D.R., Ramos, A. (Ana), Ariza, A.V., Comas-Rodríguez, I. (Isis), and Benítez-Barrios, V.M. (Verónica María)

Published
2012

37. The Role of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) in El Hierro Volcanic Crisis: Oceanographic Observations

Author

Benítez-Barrios, V.M. (Verónica María), Fraile-Nuez, E. (Eugenio), González-Dávila, M. (Melchor), Santana-Casiano, J.M (Juana Magdalena), Arístegui, J., Alonso-González, I., Hernández-León, S. (Santiago), Blanco, M.J., Rodríguez-Santana, Á. (Ángel), Gelado-Caballero, M.D. (María Dolores), Eugenio, F., Armas, D. (Demetrio) de, Llinás, O., and Pérez-Contreras, M.N. (María Nélida)

Published
2012

39. Reconstruction of super-resolution ocean <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and air–sea fluxes of CO<sub>2</sub> from satellite imagery in the southeastern Atlantic

Author

Hernández-Carrasco, I., primary, Sudre, J., additional, Garçon, V., additional, Yahia, H., additional, Garbe, C., additional, Paulmier, A., additional, Dewitte, B., additional, Illig, S., additional, Dadou, I., additional, González-Dávila, M., additional, and Santana-Casiano, J. M., additional

Published
2015
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40. Trends in ocean acidification in different regions of the Atlantic Ocean

Author

Santana-Casiano, J. M., González-Dávila, M., Ríos, A. F., Pérez, F. F., Huertas, E., Hoppema, Mario, Olafsson, J., Olafsdottir, S. R., Santana-Casiano, J. M., González-Dávila, M., Ríos, A. F., Pérez, F. F., Huertas, E., Hoppema, Mario, Olafsson, J., and Olafsdottir, S. R.

Published
2014

41. Monitoring the Oceanic Waters of the Canary Islands: the deep hydrographic section of the Canaries

Author

Vélez-Belchí, Pedro, Hernández-Guerra, Alonso, Barrera, C., Fraile-Nuez, Eugenio, Barrera, A., Llinás, O., Benítez-Barrios, Verónica María, Domínguez, F., Alonso-González, I., González Dávila, M., Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena, Hernández-Brito, J.J., Presas-Navarro, Carmen, Arístegui Ruiz, J., Comas-Rodriguez, I, Garijo López, J.C., Hernández-León, Santiago, Pérez-Hernández, María Dolores, Rodríguez Santana, A., Sosa-Trejo, D., Vélez-Belchí, Pedro, Hernández-Guerra, Alonso, Barrera, C., Fraile-Nuez, Eugenio, Barrera, A., Llinás, O., Benítez-Barrios, Verónica María, Domínguez, F., Alonso-González, I., González Dávila, M., Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena, Hernández-Brito, J.J., Presas-Navarro, Carmen, Arístegui Ruiz, J., Comas-Rodriguez, I, Garijo López, J.C., Hernández-León, Santiago, Pérez-Hernández, María Dolores, Rodríguez Santana, A., and Sosa-Trejo, D.

Abstract

Due to the high density and heat capacity of water, the ocean modulates climate in scales much larger than the atmosphere, both spatially and temporally. In order to understand the mechanisms governing this internal variability of the ocean, and therefore climate, it is necessary to have long systematic observations. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which is composed by the south- north circulation, transports 18Sv (1Sv=10E6m3/s) of water that carries more that 1.5PW (1PW=10E15W) of heat to the North Atlantic, and therefore plays a determining role in regulating the climate in Europe. An important component of the AMOC is the subtropical gyre, the largest oceanic structure of the North Atlantic. The Canary Islands are immersed in the eastern margin of the subtropical gyre, in the coastal transition zone of the Canary Current Upwelling System and therefore they are an ideal place for the study of the subtropical gyre variability. With this background, in 2006 the Spanish Institute of Oceanography began (IEO) the program deep hydrographic section around the Canary Islands (Raprocan), in order to establish the scales of variability in the range decadal/subdecadal in the subtropical gyre, specifically in its eastern margin. Based on previous results the observational strategy of Raprocan consists in hydrographic cruises in two seasons, with 50 hydrographic stations around the Canary archipelago. In each one of the stations velocity, temperature, salinity, pressure, oxygen, turbidity and fluorescence is continuously measured ( CTD ). In each station 24 samples are taken for calibration of the above variables as well as for determination of alkalinity, carbon content and chlorophyll. This program is carried out in collaboration with the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) and with the Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands (PLOCAN) that provides glider data since 2013. The warming of the upper 600 m continues at a rate of 0.14 ° C/ deca

Published
2014

42. Estimating the monthly pCO2 distribution in the North Atlantic using a self-organizing neural network

Author

Telszewski, M., Chazottes, A., Schuster, U., Watson, A. J., Moulin, C., Bakker, D. C. E., González-Dávila, M., Johannessen, T., Körtzinger, A., Lüger, H., Olsen, A., Omar, A., Padin, X. A., Ríos, A. F., Tobias Steinhoff, Santana-Casiano, M., Wallace, D. W. R., Wanninkhof, R., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Life, Earth Science, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract

Here we present monthly, basin-wide maps of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) for the North Atlantic on a 1° latitude by 1° longitude grid for years 2004 through 2006 inclusive. The maps have been computed using a neural network technique which reconstructs the non-linear relationships between three biogeochemical parameters and marine pCO2. A self organizing map (SOM) neural network has been trained using 389 000 triplets of the SeaWiFS-MODIS chlorophyll-a concentration, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis sea surface temperature, and the FOAM mixed layer depth. The trained SOM was labelled with 137 000 underway pCO2 measurements collected in situ during 2004, 2005 and 2006 in the North Atlantic, spanning the range of 208 to 437 μatm. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the neural network fit to the data is 11.6 μatm, which equals to just above 3 per cent of an average pCO2 value in the in situ dataset. The seasonal pCO2 cycle as well as estimates of the interannual variability in the major biogeochemical provinces are presented and discussed. High resolution combined with basin-wide coverage makes the maps a useful tool for several applications such as the monitoring of basin-wide air-sea CO2 fluxes or improvement of seasonal and interannual marine CO2 cycles in future model predictions. The method itself is a valuable alternative to traditional statistical modelling techniques used in geosciences.

Published
2009

43. Estimating the monthly pCO2 distribution in the North Atlantic using a self-organizing neural network

Author

Telszewski, A. Chazottes, Schuster, U., Watson, A. J., Moulin, C., Bakker, D. C. E., González-Dávila, M., Johannessen, T., Körtzinger, Arne, Lüger, H., Olsen, A., Omar, A., Padin, X. A., Ríos, A. F., Steinhoff, Tobias, Santana-Casiano, M., Wallace, Douglas W.R., and Wanninkhof, R.

Abstract

Here we present monthly, basin-wide maps of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) for the North Atlantic on a 1° latitude by 1° longitude grid for years 2004 through 2006 inclusive. The maps have been computed using a neural network technique which reconstructs the non-linear relationships between three biogeochemical parameters and marine pCO2. A self organizing map (SOM) neural network has been trained using 389 000 triplets of the SeaWiFS-MODIS chlorophyll-a concentration, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis sea surface temperature, and the FOAM mixed layer depth. The trained SOM was labelled with 137 000 underway pCO2 measurements collected in situ during 2004, 2005 and 2006 in the North Atlantic, spanning the range of 208 to 437 μatm. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the neural network fit to the data is 11.6 μatm, which equals to just above 3 per cent of an average pCO2 value in the in situ dataset. The seasonal pCO2 cycle as well as estimates of the interannual variability in the major biogeochemical provinces are presented and discussed. High resolution combined with basin-wide coverage makes the maps a useful tool for several applications such as the monitoring of basin-wide air-sea CO2 fluxes or improvement of seasonal and interannual marine CO2 cycles in future model predictions. The method itself is a valuable alternative to traditional statistical modelling techniques used in geosciences.

Published
2009

48. A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Kozyr, A., Malczyk, J., Manke, A., Metzl, N., Sabine, C. L., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Fassbender, A. J., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hood, M., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Jones, S. D., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, Tobias, Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Tjiputra, J., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Kozyr, A., Malczyk, J., Manke, A., Metzl, N., Sabine, C. L., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Fassbender, A. J., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hood, M., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Jones, S. D., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, Tobias, Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Tjiputra, J., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.

Abstract

A well documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities

Published
2013

49. Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products

Author

Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.

Abstract

As a response to public demand for a well-documented, quality controlled, publically available, global surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) data set, the international marine carbon science community developed the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). The first SOCAT product is a collection of 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). The SOCAT gridded data presented here is the second data product to come from the SOCAT project. Recognizing that some groups may have trouble working with millions of measurements, the SOCAT gridded product was generated to provide a robust, regularly spaced CO2 fugacity (fCO2) product with minimal spatial and temporal interpolation, which should be easier to work with for many applications. Gridded SOCAT is rich with information that has not been fully explored yet (e.g., regional differences in the seasonal cycles), but also contains biases and limitations that the user needs to recognize and address (e.g., local influences on values in some coastal regions).

Published
2013

50. Oxygen dynamics in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre

Author

Cianca, A., Santana, R., Hartman, S.E., Martín-González, J.M., González-Dávila, M., Rueda, M.J., Llinás, O., Neuer, S., Cianca, A., Santana, R., Hartman, S.E., Martín-González, J.M., González-Dávila, M., Rueda, M.J., Llinás, O., and Neuer, S.

Abstract

Dissolved oxygen (DO) in the ocean is a tracer for most ocean biogeochemical processes including net community production and remineralization of organic matter which in turn constrains the biological carbon pump. Knowledge of oxygen dynamics in the North Atlantic Ocean is mainly derived from observations at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site located in the western subtropical gyre which may skew our view of the biogeochemistry of the subtropical North Atlantic. This study presents and compares a 15 yr record of DO observations from ESTOC (European Station for Time-Series in the Ocean, Canary Islands) in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic with the 20 yr record at BATS. Our estimate for net community production of oxygen was 2.3±0.4 mol O2 m−2 yr−1 and of oxygen consumption was −2.3±0.5 mol O2 m−2 yr−1 at ESTOC, and 4 mol O2 m−2 yr−1 and −4.4±1 mol m−2 yr−1 at BATS, respectively. These values were determined by analyzing the time-series using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) method. These flux values agree with similar estimates from in-situ observational studies but are higher than those from modeling studies. The difference in net oxygen production rates supports previous observations of a lower carbon export in the eastern compared to the western subtropical Atlantic. The inter-annual analysis showed clear annual cycles at BATS whereas longer cycles of nearly 4 years were apparent at ESTOC. The DWT analysis showed trends in DO anomalies dominated by long-term perturbations at a basin scale for the consumption zones at both sites, whereas yearly cycles dominated the production zone at BATS. The long-term perturbations found are likely associated with ventilation of the main thermocline, affecting the consumption and production zones at ESTOC.

Published
2013

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